Dub Adder: sib txawv, yam ntxwv thiab tej vaj tse

Dub Adder tau ntev raug suav hais tias ib yam ntawm cov ntau viper. Txawm li cas los, raws li qhov closer txoj kev tshawb no nws yog nab nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib daim ntawv thiab yog muaj npe tom qab Zoologist Nikolsky (Vipera nikolskii).

Dub Adder muaj ib tug slim cev tshaj dog dig. Lub cev ntev nce mus txog 765 hli, tus Tsov tus tw - 80 mm. Cov txiv yuav me ntsis me me dua cov maum. Lub taub hau yog sab, loj, kom meej meej delimited los ntawm lub caj dab thiab me ntsis flattened. Iris dub muag xim. Tus neeg laus nab yeej ib txwm dub, raws li pom nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab. Viper rau supralabials shields tau tej zaum kuj muaj tej tee dawb dawb. Cov nram qab kawg ntawm tus Tsov tus tw nab daj-txiv kab ntxwv los yog daj. Juveniles muaj ib tug grey-xim av xim nrog ib tug zigzag qauv rau sab nraum qab xim av. Los ntawm peb lub xyoo ntawm lub neej duab disappears, xim yuav tsaus ntuj nti.

Dub Adder inhabits cov hav zoov-steppe thiab steppe thaj tsam ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia thiab lub Ukraine (sab laug bank). Nab muab sau rau hauv Voronezh, Tambov, Penza, Saratov cheeb tsam. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej Don thiab nws cov phiab. Nyob rau hauv lub northeast, cov vaj tse ncua mus rau foothills ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab South Urals.

Dub Adder feem ntau adheres rau lub broad-leaved forests thiab ntoo qhib forests. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub meadows, glades thiab clearings. Uab lag prefers riparian ua hauj lwm ntawm cov dej ntws, Xyooj, Hopper, Don, Seversky Donets thiab Samara. Lub caij ntuj sov thiab wintering yeej, thaj qub. Nyob rau hauv ntub qhov chaw ntawm lub 1 sq km muaj ntau tshaj 500 hom. Dub Adder pib yuav proactive ntawm nruab nrab ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Pos tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Tej zaum, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj yog ib tug poj niam juveniles (8-24 nyob nrws). Xim hluas nab pib yuav tsaus ntuj tom qab thawj zaug molt.

Nikolsky tus viper yog feem ntau active thaum lub sij hawm ib hnub. Lub ntsiab zaub mov nab yog me me nas thiab (mus rau ib tug tsawg raws li) noog, frogs, thiab lizards. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tus neeg mob (yuav ntawm cov huab shortage ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus) Dub Adder yuav pub rau cov ntses los yog carrion. Biology ntawm no tsiaj tseem tsis zoo to taub.

Dub Adder, muab piv nrog colubridae nab tsiv qeeb qeeb tab sis muaj ib tug heev zoo swimmer. Nyob rau hauv txaus ntshai teeb meem, nws yuav siv sij hawm s-zoo li tus khib, hisses thiab ua lunges mus rau tus neeg ua txhaum. Nikolsky tus viper yog lom. Rau cov neeg nws tom yog heev heev, tab sis tus neeg uas raug rov qab nyob rau hauv ib ob peb hnub. Lom yog ib tug sib tov ntawm cov nqaijrog, enzymes, thiab inorganic yam. Nws ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg paralyzes lub paj hlwb thiab yeej txhawb cov ntshav txhaws. Ntes tau lub nrws zoo los ntawm lub cloaca kua pleev cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug unpleasant tsw.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm no twb yog ib tug maub nab viper zoo tib yam daim ntawv no, raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias tag nrho nws cov pejxeem muaj ib tug tej yam feem pua ntawm cov melanistic. Txawm li cas los, tom qab ib tug faj txoj kev tshawb no ntawm txoj kev noj thiab morphology ntawm tus nab muab nws tus txheej xwm ntawm lub hom. Qhov no zoo heev muaj zog cov kev txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb mus kawm nws. Tab sis kev xav diverge kom deb li deb. Tej zaum tseem ntseeg tias qhov no nab tsuas yog ib tug subspecies ntawm lub ntsiab daim ntawv.