Dmitrov iav Hoobkas: keeb kwm, kev lig kev cai, tiam

Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab iav twb qhia regal txhais tes ntawm Peter I. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj cai, cov tais diav tau mas los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, muaj xws Library tsuas yog muaj nplua nwj neeg. Ib me ntsis tom qab, iav poob lawm tau hais raws li ib tug tseem ceeb khoom plig. Tom qab Tuam Tshoj, lub zoo tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe hom (Sevres, Meysensy) rau lawv cov purchase tau siv lossis loj nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj, uas yog lig unjustified. Nyob rau hauv 1744 Empress Elizabeth kom los tsim kom tau ib tug "iav Manufactory" nyob ze St. Petersburg, raws li cov era ntawm Lavxias teb sab iav. Dmitrov iav Hoobkas ua keeb kwm raws li cov thawj private Hoobkas.

Franz Gardner thiab ntshuam hloov

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm lub iav ntau lawm tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev kev txiav txim, tab sis muaj ib txwm ib tug private tswv uas xav los sib tw yog koj tsis, ces ua lub tuam txhab sovereign qhauj. Nyob rau hauv 1766 lub Englishman Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm uas twb muaj lawm Urusova Hoobkas qhib nws tus kheej nroj tsuag. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ua hauj lwm rau ib tug kws ua lag laum yog muaj lub siab xav los sib tw nrog lub European tshem me me ntawm iav, thiab tsav lawv los ntawm kev ua lag luam, hloov lub domestic cov khoom zoo. Hais lus nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rhetoric, nws txiav txim siab los "importozamestit" European khoom thiab cov los yog kev vam meej.

Rau cov koom haum ntawm ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yuav tsum tau raw cov ntaub ntawv, thiab Gardner, nws toured yuav luag tag nrho lub teb chaws, pom ib tug av nplaum deposit nyob rau hauv Chernihiv (Little Russia). Ua li promashek thiab tsis reinvent lub log, nws txawm nta hlo qhov teeb meem kws muaj txuj - Franz Gattenberga (University of Geneva xib fwb). Thiab nws mus zoo li ntawd, uas los ntawm 1777 mus 1783 tom lub Hoobkas raug tso tawm plaub puav pheej rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm Empress Catherine II thiab tau hais rau nws. Cov kev yog ib tug kawm tau zoo, tus tswv ntawm lub Hoobkas mus xyuas lub siab tshaj plaws cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv lub muaj koob muaj npe palace, tom qab uas nws twb tsim nyog muab tso rau lub stamp nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Moscow, uas yog akin mus rau qhov zoo cim.

kev vam meej businessman

Franz Gardner, nrog rau cov daim khoom, tau launched loj zus tau tej cov iav tableware. Tus thawj neeg ua hauj lwm tau los ntawm cov European ua hauj lwm thiab cov technology, tus xov tooj nto moo Meissen. Lavxias teb sab iav yog tsis ntau sib txawv ntawm cov European nyob rau hauv zoo thiab artistic kev kawm, tab sis tus nqi yog heev pheej yig dua.

Russia mas muaj nuj nqis cov khoom Hoobkas thiab zoo siab mus yuav tag nrho cov neeg uas tsis muaj nyiaj yuav muaj European manufacturers. Nyob rau hauv 1771, hais txog xya caum neeg ua hauj lwm tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv manufacturing, lawv muaj pes tsawg tau ob npaug nyob rau hauv 10 lub xyoos. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm twb nyob los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws txawj, tsuas tswj ib tug artist thiab twb tau los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Franz Gardner muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau nws tus kheej style nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov iav, tus xov tooj uas kuaj ntawm castings nyob rau hauv cov pua pua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tais diav no twb nchuav thiab pleev xim rau iav salon cim sculptures, tus sau phau ntawv uas twb zoo-paub ntxias.

Nyob rau hauv Kuznetsovsk zej zog

Tom qab tus tsim tus tuag, Dmitrov iav Hoobkas tau suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov private Lavxias teb sab factories. Cov ntaub ntawv raug coj mus rau lub qub txeeg qub teg: ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ua ntej nws tuag, lub tuam txhab twb koom nyob rau hauv lub eldest tus tub ntawm tus tsim, thiab ces nws tus poj niam. Nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes ntawm lub Hoobkas tau poob yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, tab sis tom qab cov ntaub ntawv coj nws cov me nyuam, cov ntau lawm yog revived. Nws twb mastered raug technology earthenware. Nyob rau hauv 1829, kub lawm tau txais cov Thawj Lwm Exhibition. Nyob rau hauv 1855 nws tau txais txoj cai los tsim cov khoom rau muab tso rau hauv cov pej xeem stigma ntawm ob-taws dav dawb hau.

Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho yuav ib tug ntawm lub lwm rau lub imperial tsev hais plaub ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Dmitrov iav Hoobkas muaj tseeb nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom nyob rau ntawm lub lag luam qhia tau hais tias, txij li thaum 1856. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua lub qub txeeg qub teg muag lub tuam txhab Matvey Kuznetsov. Nws kis tau tsis tsuas cov chaw ntau lawm tab sis kuj yog ib tug lossis loj sau los ntawm tag nrho cov duab, cov qauv thiab classic garderovskih drawings.

Kuznetsovsky lub sij hawm

Dmitrov iav Hoobkas (Verbilki) tau txais magnate Kuznetsova nrog ib tug ob peb faded hwjchim ci ntsa iab, tab sis nrog ib tug khoom turnover. By lub sij hawm ntawm lub tshaaj ntawm lub Hoobkas ua khoom 208 txhiab rubles ib xyoos, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntau tshaj 700 tus ntsuj plig los. Kuznetsov siv tag nrho nws pub wealth thiab xyoo thiab ib tug ib nrab ntawm cov keeb kwm, rau rau tag nrho cov rooj txhawb siab ntawm nws lub yeeb koob.

Qhov teeb meem tau txhab rau cov neeg puag tau tau kiag li fwm, ua tsaug rau cov neeg txawj ntse kev txiav txim siab siv ib hom ntawm cov Dmitrov cog rau tag nrho cov khoom. Tus tswv tsev tsis xav rov qab rau hauv lub chav ntawm cov khoom uas tsis muaj tseeb. Tooj ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom totaled ntau tshaj 4 lab units ntawm qhov nrov tais diav thiab figurines. Hnub ntawm cov nroj tsuag qhab nia qhov kev tso tawm ntawm kom collections. Yog li ntawd nws twb raug muab zwm cia 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, lub 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub reign ntawm lub Romanovs.

Soviet iav

Tom qab nationalization, siv los ua officially hu ua tus Dmitrov iav Hoobkas. Nyob rau hauv lub post-revolutionary lub sij hawm tso zis tsis yeem ho, thiab uas yog ua, twb modestly dai kom zoo nkauj nrog decals (decal) los yog sawv cev dag cov khoom.

Nto moo tshaj plaws, nyob rau hauv 1930, Kuv tau txais ib qhov kev pab Dmitrov iav "Humpbacked nees" ntawm cov nroj tsuag, raws li zoo li lwm yam hauj lwm los ntawm feemxyuam sculptor SM Orlov txhuam Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog iav tso tawm poob ho, tab sis lub sij hawm twb cim los ntawm kaj tej hauj lwm. kev pab cuam "sib ntaus sib tua rau lub motherland" (los ntawm A. Chechulina) tso tawm ib co ntawm cov dluab nrog zoo generals "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", teev nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog coj noj coj ua khoom plig (Auth. Demorrey T.) yog tsim.

niaj hnub ntau lawm

Nyob rau hauv 1991 Dimitrov iav Hoobkas los ua ib tug sib koom Tshuag lub tuam txhab, lub official lub npe: CJSC "iav Verbilok". Txij li thaum 1995, lub operating subsidiaries rau 'ntxawm Verbilok ". Tus tshiab chaw saib xyuas thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm yog tibneeg hu tauj coob lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm kev cai tso cia los ntawm cov founders ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Nyob rau hauv 1996, lub tuam txhab tau txais prizes ntawm thoob ntiaj teb miv nyob rau hauv Birmingham, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Mexico. Txij li thaum 2007, cov nroj tsuag cov khoom siv cov khoom rau lub Kremlin raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub Guild ntawm Purveyors. Lub tuam txhab yog tam sim no hu ua "Gardner Manufactory", tab sis rau ntau ntau me ntsis txog cov lub npe laus ntawm Dmitrov iav Hoobkas. Cov khoom siv ua ob peb collectible kab.

Collection "Frants Gardner" Ntsujplig yuav hloov tsoos ntaub ntawv muaj hnub nyoog 19-20 iav. Tuam txhab Wizard puas muaj raws nraim lub inscriptions rau khoom plig yam khoom (tshuaj yej officers, poob lawm, figurines). Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg cov tais diav uas ntxias sau tsev neeg crests, monogram los yog xaiv cov qauv. Lub tuam txhab ua poob lawm rau txawv hom phiaj, tshuaj yej thiab kas fes officers, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vases, cov me nyuam poob lawm.