Daim ntawv lo - ib tug ... cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog dab tsi ntawm daim ntawv lo, qhov chaw uas nws tuaj ntawm, thiab peb yuav qhia nws views. Cov khoom ntaub ntawv no kuj pom tau hais tias, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv.

Daim ntawv lo - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Lo lus "daim ntawv lo" yog borrowed los ntawm cov lus Fab Kis. Txhais li "lo lus" los yog "daim ntawv lo".

Lub earliest prototypes ntawm cov ntawv qhia tias archaeologists pom tau daim tawv lossis nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv hmab ntsha. Sau hnub tim no nrhiav kawg II Millennium BC. e. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lo ntawm no zoo qhia rau ntawm qhov chaw vintage, nws qib, saj (qab zib los yog qaub), hnub nyoog, thiab los ntawm leej twg nws tau ua. Qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov no tuaj vim hais tias tag nrho cov hlab ntsha muaj tib lub lawm. To taub li cas cov txheem no tsis tau qhib thiab tsis txhob sim, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj. Zom cov pob ceev ceev yog tsis tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub tswv yim mus muab cov ntaub ntawv rau ib daim tawv thiab txuas mus rau lub raj mis. Nrog lub advent ntawm cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav thiab cov thauj ntawm cov khoom tshaj ntev ncua kev daim ntawv lo considerably tswj kev siv. Tus thawj cim npe twb yooj yim lub zoo.

Tom qab xyoo 1820 pib hloov qhov zoo. Winemakers xav kom muab nws cov khoom cwm pwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj nplaum ib tug crown, txiv quav ntswv nyoos los yog daim ntawv nroj tsuag. Lub daim ntawv lo los ua ib tug kos npe rau ntawm tus kheej. Nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm, cov lus qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm loj hlob txiv hmab tshem tawm, tawm hauv xwb lub xyoo ntawm sau, wine hom thiab chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Nyob rau hauv 1880 nyob rau hauv lub thawj kob cim npe. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1883, cim npe, thiab cov ntawv tau pib siv lwm yam khoom.

Continued siv ntawv

Tom qab, uas tau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas yuav kis ntaub ntawv, twb tub txawj tub ntse ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Nrog rau cov evolution ntawm daim ntawv lo tau tsim ib txoj kev uas tso npe thov thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Thawj birochki cia li khi ib txog hlua thiab nyab xeeb nrog ciab. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom daim ntawv lo ua glued ncaj qha rau ntawm cov khoom. Qhov ntau yam txhais tau tias muaj yog siv raws li nplaum. Tom qab ntawd lawv pib mus yuav cov kua nplaum los ntawm cov masters, khiav nyob rau hauv nws lawm. Zoo zoo cov khoom, uas muaj tsis muaj daim ntawv lo. Nws tau ua ib tug yuav tsum attribute rau trading.

Nyob rau hauv 1935, lub American ua lag luam Stanton Avery tus thawj self-nplaum daim ntawv lo twb yees ua. Yav tas los, cov ntaub ntawv nyob ntawm daim ntawv yog muaj ntaub ntawv txhais tes. Loj daim ntawv lo luam ntawv pib nyob rau hauv 1980. Kev txiav txim nkag mus hauv champagne tog, vim hais tias txij li thaum xyoo 1820 nws muaj ntau zog lawm los 2 lab fwj ib lub xyoo.

Classification ntawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lawv

Nyob rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv luam ntaub ntawv nrog lub sij hawm cim npe tau muab faib ua plaub pawg.

1. Cov ntaub ntawv daim ntawv lo - ib daim ntawv lo uas muaj ntaub ntawv txog lub npe ntawm cov khoom, muaj pes tsawg leeg, loj, me, hnub siv thiab ua, txee lub neej, cia tej yam kev mob.
2. Piav txog daim ntawv lo hais li cas rau koj khiav lag luam cov khoom, muab tswv yim kev kho mob, paub txog cov kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.
3. Nrhiav yog cov lus qhia txog cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus.
4. Cov kev dag nyob yog ntxiv advertising thiab qhia txog cov kev pab cuam thiab uniqueness ntawm qhov khoom.

Nyob rau niaj hnub no lub sij hawm peb tsim lwm daim ntawv lo. Qhov no ntaus ntawv yog ib tug Circuit Court kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub vaj tse. Cov ntaub ntawv uas nws muaj yog nruj me ntsis pub leej twg paub. Nws yuav siv feem ntau ntawm checkpoints, kev tiv thaiv thiab tseem ceeb tej khoom.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab yuav tsum tau mus yuav ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom ntawv pib los mam cai, muab tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau rau trademark cim npe.

Peb tau tsim cov qauv, nruj ntxawg uas yuav tsum tau rau daim ntawv. Lub ntxawg uas yuav tsum tau qhia daim ntawv lo printing yog tau tso cai nyob rau hauv tej daim ntawv, tej xim yuav tsum tau siv, yuav ua li cas cov xim muaj hlau no yog pub rau laminate ntawv cov khoom. Regulations muab dab tsi yuav tsum zoo tshaj ntawm cov printing thiab font loj. yuav tsum tau tej yam kev mob nyob kuj Centering thiab leveling ntawm lub thov ntaub ntawv. Indents los ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov ntawv khoom tau tsis tau ignored. Npaj lub rooj uas muab daim ntawv lo ntau thiab tsawg pab rau txhua hom khoom.

Hom cim npe los ntawm cov khoom hom

Cov nram qab no hloov mus rau lub nqi ntawm ntau lub teb chaws muaj kev cai rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub yuav tsum tau ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv lo.

Khoom ntawv tau muab faib ua plaub pawg los ntawm hom ntawm cov khoom:

• khoom noj khoom haus cov khoom;
• khaub ncaws thiab khau;
• cov khoom thiab pab kiag li lawm;
• ntim.

Rau cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov khoom daim ntawv lo

Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lo ntawm cov zaub mov cov khoom yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tsa lub nram qab no:

• khoom lub npe;
• ib tug qhia txog tag nrho cov Cheebtsam siv rau qhov siv thiab;
• Khoom noj khoom haus thiab lub zog tus nqi;
• ntaub ntawv hais txog lub teb chaws thiab tsim Hoobkas (lub npe, chaw nyob);
• qhov loj ntawm lub khoom;
• manufacturing hnub, cia tej yam kev mob thiab lub sij hawm;
• barcode;
• txheem cim, XEEV, los yog lwm yam twj, uas sib raug rau cov khoom;
• qhia hauv lub xub ntiag los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov additives, colourants, flavorings, tsw enhancers thiab tsw, txhob kaw hloov kab mob.

Tags rau tej yam

Nrog cov khoom los ntawm cov khaub ncaws qeb nws yog ntau npaum li cas yooj yim. Tag yam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub neeg trademark, cov lus qhia txog lub teb chaws ntawm hauv paus chiv keeb, loj, me, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab warranty, yuav tsum muaj cov nram qab no ntaub ntawv:

• yog cev tsoos tsho no, nws qhia tias cov feem pua ntawm cov natural thiab tshuaj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij ntawm cov khoom: sab saum toj, ib tug hauv qab thiab hauv ob sab phlu;
• thaum nws los txog rau khau, cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus muaj los tso saib cov lus qhia txog lub hom ntawm cov khoom siv rau lub sab saum toj, hauv qab thiab puab hauv ob sab phlu.

Tej yam uas ua los ntawm cov tawv, ntxiv ntaub ntawv hais txog cov cheeb tsam, qhov hnyav, thiab thickness. Nyob rau cov plaub khoom yuav tsum muab kev qhia txog ib tug plaub (natural los yog dyed) thiab daim tawv nqaij txoj kev kho mob.

Tab sis kev kawm tsis sawv tseem. Muaj ntau ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom ntawm finishes. Manufacturers yog sim los tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom los ntawm cov lim thiab lub ceev ceev tsis hom vim kev siv. Txawm li cas los, cov lus pom zoo rau kev kho mob, txoj kev tu thiab kom zoo cia yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov multi-volume publishers thiab muaj tsuas yog qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tus qauv tag. Rau lub peev ntawm xws li ib tug complex ua hauj lwm nws tau tsim ib tug txheej ntawm graphical cim, uas muaj txaus cov lus qhia txog cov kev siv thiab saib xyuas.

Cim pib muaj ib daim ntawv lo sewn rau cov khoom. Tom qab ib tug series ntawm kev hloov, kev txhim kho thiab kev nrhav sawv ib tug thoob ntiaj teb txuj labeling rau kev kho mob.

Tej yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv ntawm yuav daim ntawv, tus paub thiab coj.

Tags rau ntxuav

Khaub Ncaws cim muaj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub taub ntim nrog dej. Numbers qhia pub dej kub. Standard yog hom twg los ntawm 30 ° C rau 95 ° C.

Tes, poob rau hauv dej, ceeb toom tias tsuas yog tsim nyog txhais tes ntxuav, ntawm ib tug kub tsis siab tshaj 40 ° C. Cov khoom yuav tsum paub txog tej nias maj mam tsis sib ntswg. Muaj nta ntawm muaj peev xwm ceeb toom ntawm ilv ntxuav. Yog hais tias ob nta, ntxuav hom yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb yog rhiab thaum cov dej kub yog tsis saum toj no 30 ° C. Ntoo khaub lig rau lub thawv ntawd hais tias cov khoom no yuav tsis tau wetted, yog tso cai nkaus xwb qhuav tu.

Ziab thiab ironing

Ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom kom qhuav muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug square. Hauv nws npaj kab (ntsug los yog kab rov tav), i.e. cov khoom yuav tsum yuav qhuav nyob rau hauv ib ntsug los yog kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm. Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub thib ob kab nyob ib sab mus rau tus thawj qhia tias cov khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav pressing.

Pom zoo rau ironing yog xwm li nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau. Cross - ib tug ceeb toom tias nws yog txwv tsis pub. ironing kub yog qhia los ntawm tsuas me me. Ib tug sau raws nkaus Ii 110 ° C, ob 150 ° C, peb 200 ° C.

bleach

Npav ntxuav hniav dawb muaj ib cov voos tsos. Strikethrough kos npe rau hais rau ban siv cov nyiaj.

Yog hais tias lub hauv daim duab, ob tug uas tig mus kab yog hos, nws yog permissible siv xwb oxygen-muaj tshuaj dawb tso nrog. Qhov uas tsis muaj cov cim nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab tso cai rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj cov neeg ua hauj.

xaus

Cov qhab nia rau cov ntawv yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom muag rau hnub khoom.

Thaum yuav khoom txhua yam ntawm cov khoom, txaus saib cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lo. Zoo nyeem cov lus qhia nyob ntawm daim ntawv, koj saib xyuas ntawm koj tus mob thiab cov kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg nyob ze rau koj.