Cua tiv thaiv ntawm Ukraine. Cov huab cua tiv thaiv ntawm lub Armed Forces ntawm Ukraine

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, lub Ukrainian pab tub rog suav ib pab tub rog huab cua tiv thaiv (8 ib) thiab plaub cua armies, xws li manned qhov tseeb thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv systems "S-300" fighter "Su-27" thiab "Mig-29". Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv keeb kwm lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom muag, pov tseg los yog nws yog tawm ntawm whack. Realizing qhov tseem ceeb ntawm muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm rog, tsoom fwv coj ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub Modernization ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv systems.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

By 1992, 8 cais pab tub rog muaj rau loj ports:

• 1 Cua kws muaj txuj ci Division (dPVO), Crimea.
• 9 dPVO, Poltava cheeb tsam.
• 11 dPVO, sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws.
• 19 dPVO them Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, Odessa cheeb tsam.
• 28th Cua kws muaj txuj ci Corps, thaj Ukraine.

Xov tooj cua engineering pab neeg raws li nyob rau hauv Kharkiv, Lviv, Sevastopol, Odessa thiab Vasilkov. Nyob rau hauv 1992, huab cua tiv thaiv pab tub rog muaj 132 anti-aircraft missile battalions koom nyob rau hauv 18 regiments thiab brigades. Lub tebchaw tau raug ua tiav thiab yog dispersed thiaj li mus nti npog lub loj industrial cov chaw, ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm txhua tus lwm yam.

Tam sim no lub xeev

Tom qab 20 xyoo kws muaj txuj ci ntawm Ukraine tseem yuav ib formidable quab yuam, tab sis vim yog lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm obsolete riam phom tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ua ho tsis muaj zog txaus. Radar noj, sab laug tshaj los ntawm lub Soviet Union, tseem tso cai rau koj los tswj lub airspace. Txawm li cas los, cov tsis muaj spare qhov chaw thiab qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj cuam tshuam lub hauj lwm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm saib xyuas noj. Nyob rau hauv kev, puas radar Lugansk Avdeyevka, rau cuab yog vim li cas poob tswj noj Crimean.

Los ntawm thaum ntxov 2000s ob txhais caj npab muab tshem tawm haib tab sis outdated missile systems "C-75" thiab "C-125". Nyob rau hauv 2013 nws yog lub lem "sheathed" SAM "S-200" txawv kev hloov kho. Qhov kawg faib twb disbanded SAM "S-200V" 540 th tso kom muaj kab muaj kev ntawm Lviv.

Ntawm kev txhawj xeeb yog cov tsis muaj kev kawm ntawm cov tub rog huab cua tiv thaiv rog ntawm Ukraine. Qhov no yog tsis tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tswv yim shooting tom qab qhov teeb meem nrog lub downed neeg nrog caij aircraft kev huam yuaj nyob rau hauv 2001. Tsuas yog 10% ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm muaj shooting kev txawj ntse.

prospects

Thaum lub caij, lub huab cua tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws twb tsis muaj ntev-ntau anti-aircraft tshuab. Muab qhov tseeb, tsoom fwv tau teev ib lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv 2016 mus pib ib tug loj-scale Modernization ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv, xws li huab cua tiv thaiv missile systems thiab radar noj.

Lub ntsiab lub chaw khuam siab yog lub mob shortage ntawm cov nyiaj. Yuav niaj hnub huab cua tiv thaiv riam phom yuav yuav kim heev ntawm lub Western cov neeg koom tes. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, vim nom tswv motives txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws tsis txhob maj mus muag high-precision riam phom hauv Ukrainian pab tub rog. Lub tso zis yuav tsum yog tus purchase ntawm qis-nqi tab sis txhim khu kev qha huab cua tiv thaiv system (xws li mobile) nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis lub nro ntawm cov neeg zej zog tsis pub no.

Muab cov scarcity ntawm cov nyiaj, qhov teeb meem ntawm restoration thiab kev txhim kho ntawm lub "C-200" thiab lawv rov qab mus sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, cov tub rog kws txawj skeptical txog rau lub tswv yim ntawm "reanimation" ntawm obsolete riam phom.

Cua tshuaj

Cua tiv thaiv ntawm Ukraine muaj ib tug meej kev tswj qauv. Anti-aircraft missile troops thiab xov tooj cua-kev pab tub rog yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub lag luam ntawm radar tshuab thiab huab cua tiv thaiv missile system, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws airspace. Cov lug yog raug mus rau lub Cua Dag Zog Yuam ntawm Ukraine.

Qhov siv VOP missile missile systems "S-300PT" (NATO Classification SA-10a Grumble), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10B Grumble), " Buck" (SA- 11 Getfly). Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm pej xeem qhov chaw, muaj 11 units nyob rau hauv 2010, "S-300PS" thiab 16 units "S-300PT". Tsis ntev los no tau tsim kev pab. Kws txawj kwv yees tias tsuas yog 8 kev sib cais "S-300PS" muaj peev xwm nqa rau kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm.

Ib tug complex teeb meem no nrog muab huab cua tiv thaiv systems kev puas tsuaj txhais tau tias. Huab cua tiv thaiv foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab "S-300" qauv ntev-5V55-of-lub neej, thiab nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb chaws ntawm ntau lawm yog tsis tsim.

nrhiav kom tau cov cuab yeej

Nyob rau hauv Ukraine muaj tshaj 200 vaj tse txog huab cua tiv thaiv, raws li zoo li 76 koom haum pab chaw. 36 lub npe hu kom nquag plias thiab tsaug zog txaus 106 rau anti-aircraft missiles.

Cov muaj xws li:

• thaum ntxov ceeb toom cov khoom: 36 daim di ncauj.;
• radar sib 36D6: 20;
• radar nrhiav kom tau 64N6: 9;
• kev kawm ntau yam: 3.

Ua haujlwm rau SAM:

• tshuab rau "S-125": 2-txoj hauj lwm;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Tsis voos (redundant) txoj haujlwm rau cov SAM:

• Rau systems "S-75": 58 txoj haujlwm;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

Thaum ntxov txhais tau tias

Cov huab cua tiv thaiv ntawm Ukraine tau tsim ib tug thaum ntxov ceeb toom system. Nws muab ntau yam radars nyob thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Lawv txoj hauj lwm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, muaj ntau tshaj ib hom ntawm thaum ntxov ceeb toom radars, raws li zoo raws li high-altitude nrhiav kom tau thiab paub system.

Muaj 28 active thaum ntxov ceeb toom txaus nrog 8 ntxiv (cia), uas yog tsim rau cov network expansion los yog nyaj nyiaj yog hais tias tus yuav tsum tau tshwm sim.

20 txoj haujlwm 36D6 (Tin ntaub thaiv npog) radar thiab 8 txaus radar 64N6 (Big Bird) muab lub hom phiaj kev qhia kom paub thiab sib ntaus sib tua kev tswj kev khiav dej num rau lub teb chaws huab cua tiv thaiv network. Pab tub rog muab av thiab huab cua cover xaiv yaam qhov chaw. Radar 64N6 36D6 thiab cov txheej txheem thiaj li mus muab redundant kev pab them nqi. Cov systems yog muaj peev xwm tswj zoo tag nrho cov huab cua qhov chaw ntawm Ukraine, raws li tau zoo raws li loj cheeb tsam ntawm cov dub thiab Azov Seas.

SAM "S-200V"

Riam phom cua kws muaj txuj ci nyob rau hauv Ukraine muaj xws li sib txawv ntau. Ceg "C-200" yog lub feem ntau ntev-ntau (txog li 250 km) nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian anti-aircraft missile pab tub rog. Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, lub 5 uas twb muaj lawm cov roj teeb "C-200" kom cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov huab cua qhov chaw ntawm yuav luag tag nrho sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Kharkiv thiab Luhansk. Qhov kawg 11 uas tsis yog-kev ua tau zoo txoj hauj lwm "C-200" nyob twj ywm, txawm hais tias lawv yog cov yuav tsum tau siv kom haum raws li cov kev mus ncig pab, xws li "S-300PS." Tus tsoom fwv cov kev npaj - rov qab mus yuam kom cov upgraded chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 2016-18, vim cov tsis muaj lwm txoj kev ntev-ntau ceg.

Teb, lub Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci thov hais tias kev siv ntawm "S-200V" 250-kilometer voos kheej-kheej, tab sis tau txais mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab airliner tshaj Dub hiav txwv tso erroneously missile "S-200" nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2001, tej zaum nws yuav qhia tau tias cov ua hauj lwm teev ntawm "P-200D" 300-kilometer voos kheej-kheej.

SAM "S-300P"

Txawm hais tias system "S-200" muaj ib tug loj voos kheej-kheej ntawm kev txiav txim, tsis tau complex VOP "P-300P" nws yog lub feem ntau heev heev thiab muaj peev xwm. Tej yam ua yog ib tug series ntawm 27 panels "S-300P" 16 roj teeb nruab nrog nruab "S-300PT", thiab 12 - systems "S-300P".

Installation deployed thiaj li mus tiv thaiv lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev nom kev tswv, ua tub rog thiab muaj aav ntawm lub teb chaws. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa tiv thaiv los ntawm tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 6 roj teeb txhua, Nikolaev (thiab hu ua Sevastopol) - ntawm tsawg kawg yog 5 panels. Ob peb ceg npog lub thaj ciam teb.

Siab nruab roj teeb SAM "S-300PT" muaj 12 launchers, thaum lub roj teeb yog siab nruab nrog SAM "S-300PS" muaj 8 launchers. Txhua lub roj teeb yog txawm peem rau nrog 5N63 los yog 5N63S radar thiab ib tug radar rau kev txiav txim qhov uas tsis muaj flying lub hom phaj 5N66 los yog 5N66M. Ob radar tshuab feem ntau siv pab neeg mast 40V6 series.

Lub capital, Kiev - qhov chaw uas tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug ua tiav set ntawm series roj teeb "S-300P". Tag nrho 6 khoom nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv, siv lub 4 "S-300PT", thiab ob - "S-300PS." Tub rog cov chav nyob thiab huab cua tiv thaiv npog Kharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") thiab Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - no peb promtsentry tiv thaiv los ntawm cov roj teeb txhua. Dnepropetrovsk kev tiv thaiv los ntawm plaub roj teeb powered "S-300PT".

tactical cua kws muaj txuj ci

Muaj ob systems ntawm tactical huab cua tiv thaiv missile systems, uas yog inscribed nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian huab cua tiv thaiv network. APU siv lub system "Buk" 9K37 thiab "C-300V1". Ib txhia ntawm cov tshuab yog kev kawm mus rau cov rog ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv, thiab ib co - lwm yam kev sib ntaus los yog caj npab. Mobile systems yog tsim los npog lub tswv yim muaj, kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv khoom, tub rog groupings.

MOD asserts uas cov tub rog siv cov kev xaiv "Buk-M", thiab lub cua Force ntawm Ukraine siv "Buk-M1". Qhov Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci kuj cav hais tias cov tub rog siv ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm lub "C-300V1" (Gladiator), taw tes rau lub fact tias Ukraine tsis muaj lub system ntawm "S-300V2" (Giant), tau tua cia ballistic cuaj luaj.

kev pab them nqi rau thaj tsam

Ukrainian SAM network yog pub los ntawm cov Soviet Union. Cua tiv thaiv txhais tau hais tias cov txheej txheem thiaj li mus tiv thaiv tseem ceeb chaw thiab cheebtsam. Qhov tseem densely them lub capital Kiev, qhov tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Mykolaiv thiab Odessa. Ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb yog dispersed thoob plaws lub teb chaws.

Raws li cov generals, lub teb chaws tsis muaj lawm hawv ua phem ua rog tawm tsam NATO, ntsig txog, Ukrainian pab tub rog tau txo tus naj npawb ntawm aircraft thiab SAM systems. Txawm tias huab cua tiv thaiv network yog ho poob nyob rau hauv loj txij li thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, Ukraine tseem tshua txaus nruab los mus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv huab cua nres.

Tactics thiab lub tswv yim

Mobile cov cuab yeej xws li "S-300PS", "Buk" thiab "C-300V1" muaj peev xwm mus ua qhov uas lawv yuav tsum tau - zoo nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Dislocations 64N6 radar thiab anti-aircraft tshuab 36D6 muab sib ntaus sib tua kev tswj kev pab txhawb nqa, thiab cuab hom phiaj, tsis muaj teeb meem uas lawv nyob, ua tsaug rau ib tug dav network ntawm thaum ntxov ceeb toom. Txij li thaum SAM "S-300PS", feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug npaj qhov chaw, ib tug loj network ntawm tsaug zog qhov chaw thiab lug yog tej zaum txoj haujlwm rau cov kev tso kawm ntawm missile systems. Nyob rau hauv Ukraine, ntau tshaj 100 tsaug zog (redundant) txaus SAM txawv configurations.

Ib txhia tej zaum muaj cov qauv. Thaum "C-200" tsis haum zoo heev mus tua maneuverable, stealthy los yog tsawg-ya lub hom phaj, lub kaw lus yuav tiv thaiv tau cov CIA los yog lwm yam loj cov tub rog aircraft los ze zog mus rau lub huab cua qhov chaw ntawm Ukraine. Tej zaum qhov no yog vim lawv yuav tsum rov qab rau lub luag hauj tom qab tej yam kev hloov kho. Kuj sau-SAM "S-300PT '70s tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj rau cov tub rog muaj.

ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob

Rau 2016-2017 npaj Modernization ntawm Ukraine lub huab cua tiv thaiv. Systems ntawm "P-200" thiab "C-300PS" yuav yuav tsum tau hloov nyob rau hauv 2016-2020. Txawm tsis tau noj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev pab cuam lub neej, zoo hnub "S-300PS" thiab "C-200" tso tseg. Vim rau qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tactics ECM (electronic countermeasures), SEAD / tuag (combating yeeb ncuab cua defenses), thiab lwm yam SAM cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub sij hawm.

Peb tes num ntawm ntshuam ntawm ib tug neeg ntshav / riam phom mus rau lub qub ceg, raws li zoo raws li tsim koj tus kheej cov khoom siv Cheebtsam ntawm Ukrainian qhauj thiab txawv teb chaws cov neeg koom tes.

radar tshuab

Ukraine - ib qho ntawm ob peb ntxhab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tsim thiab ua lub radar nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw lub voj. Txawm li cas los, feem coob ntawm cov khoom thiab riam phom hauv Ukrainian pab tub rog yog sawv cev los ntawm outdated qauv. Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv - modernized. Park hluav taws xob riam phom comprise radar nomenclature numbering qhov kev kuaj tiam ua kev nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev tswj automation thiab txheej txheem radar ntaub ntawv.

Raws li kev kwv yees ntawm Ukraine, nrog rau cov nyiaj faib los ntawm lub APU nyob rau hauv 2016, tseem ceeb nqi aimed ntawm huab cua tiv thaiv. Nws npaj yuav 28 radar noj thiab txawj tej yam ntxiv rau cov chav nyob. Txawm li cas los, qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tshiab thiab kho radar thiab ib tug ntau ntau yog hais txog ob puas daim. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, rau hnub tim, lub xeev kws muaj txuj ci tshuab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog anti-aircraft missile thiab radar radar pab tub rog, yoojyim kev cia siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Thiab nws yog tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Ukraine nws muaj nws tus kheej manufacturers uas yog tau muab lawv tus kheej tshaj kev daws rau saib xyuas domestic airspace.

Rau hnub tim, lub troops tshuav ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm radar P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Tsaug rau lub NGO "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" cov nroj tsuag tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib, tab sis twb modernized. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tej kev tshiab.

Radar "Malachite"

Tshiab Ukrainian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv dire yuav tsum tau niaj hnub radar, xws li "Malachite". Qhov no system yog hu ua tus Modernization ntawm Soviet chaw nres tsheb P-18, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas nws yog heev txawv los ntawm nws cov thawj ntawm. Kws txawj HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" ua drastic hloov, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog ib tug kiag li tshiab chaw nres tsheb. Lub "Malachite" cov teeb liab ua yog DVR, ua ke nrog nrog cov niaj hnub automation yog pom tau hais tiv thaiv, lub proximal nrhiav kom tau tsam poob mus rau 2.5 km, nce nqes hav ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov txheeb ze mus rau lub kab rov tav txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub + 15 / -15 degrees, thiab hais txog. D. "Malachite" muaj lub nrhiav kom tau ntau yam txog li 400 km, uas yog, qhov chaw nres tsheb no thiab lem lub hom phaj zoo npaum li cas thiab deb tshaj tej radar kev khiav hauj lwm tam sim no nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Nta ntawm lub complex tau zoo soj ntsuam los ntawm Ukrainian kws muaj txuj ci Ministry. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub radar chaw nres tsheb twb tsis tau tsuas yog muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam, tab sis kuj yuav muab tso rau hauv pab tub rog. Raws li lub tuam txhab tswj "Ukrspetstekhnika", raws li ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 2015 lub troops dhau txog ib lub teb "Malachite" radar.

Part noj kis Ukrainian sailors uas khiav lag luam cov system nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob lwm yam lwm nto, txawv los ntawm lub Soviet P-18. Kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv tej yam kev mob pom tias qhov chaw nres tsheb ntse daws qhov teeb meem ntawm nrhiav cov huab cua lub hom phaj hauv lawv cov yam ntxwv, raws li zoo raws li nto lub hom phaj nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm pom. Ntawd ces yog lub 12-mais tsam, uas yog nyob rau hauv scrutiny sailors, "Malachite" radar tswj dawb do.

Radar "MP-1"

Tshiab meter ntau radar chaw nres tsheb muaj ib tug cim "MP-1", tam sim no tsim SPC "muaj." Designers tau siv tag nrho qhov tseeb tau ntawm scientific thought, aimed ntawm leveling tus nqi ntawm stealth technology (stealth).

"MP-1" yog tsim los rau roj teeb lub neej, raws li zoo raws li rau lub lag luam nyob rau hauv lub regional AMS Ukraine tus huab cua tiv thaiv tswj. Radar yuav ntes, khiav thiab ntsuas lub azimuth, ntau yam, qhov siab ntawm lub hom phiaj, txawm tej yam uas cuam tshuam.

Lub disadvantage ntawm lub qub chaw nres tsheb yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau nruab ntxiv thauj units cais turbine generator uas muab fais tshuab. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, radar raws li nyob rau hauv 3-4 machine. Tus tshiab chaw nres tsheb "Minsk-1" yuav tsum tau tsuas yog ib thauj unit. Tag nrho cov khoom yog muab tso rau hauv chassis ntawm KrAZ.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub sib ntaus los tej yam kev mob uas yuav tsum tau los xyuas kom meej siab muaj ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Tom qab 5-10 feeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm koj yuav tau tsiv lub radar mus rau ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv "MG-1" neeg teb xov tooj tej hauj lwm, tsis tau tawm hauv lub tsheb cab, ntawm lwm yam uas lub lag luam ntawm, los tsom kwm rau hauv huab cua teeb meem no zaub. Cov chaw nres tsheb yog muaj nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv ib cov hom ntawv, txiav hau lub tsheb teeb meem no rau cov huab cua tiv thaiv hais kom ua thiab tswj cov chaw zov me NE hom IP-15 los yog IP-12. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov chaw nres tsheb "Minsk-1" yog tau heev meej ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua cov system of 3-coordinate. Instrumental operating ntau yog 400 km. Peb tes num yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob.

"Noog muab ntses" radar

Peb-chaw nres tsheb ncig saib 79K6 (export version - 80K6) "Noog muab ntses" pib yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1992 los ntawm SPC "txim". Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 2007 radar txais ib qho APU. Tag nrho cov khoom yog muab tso rau hauv radar ib tug thauj unit.

Cov tsos nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian pab tub rog radar 79K6 tso cai rau autonomously thov lub anti-aircraft missile battalions "S-300PT / PS". Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tej zaum yuav siv 79K6 brigade qauv (6 kev sib cais). Rau lub ntsiab tactical thiab kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub radar 80K6 nws yog nyob rau theem ntawm txawv teb chaws analogues, thiab nws cov nqi tsawg kawg yog ob lub sij hawm tsawg dua nws cov competitors. Maximum nrhiav kom tau ntau yam "Noog muab ntses" lub hom phiaj yog 400 km. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub 3-5 m ² EPR nrhiav kom tau ntau yam lub hom phaj rau hauv lub davhlau altitude ntawm 100 m yog 40 km; nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 1000 m - 110 km; nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 10-30 km - 300-350 km.

Yuav kom equipping troops nrog niaj hnub radar chaw thiab huab cua tiv thaiv systems tam sim no heev yam. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau rau muaj kev tswj ntawm lub airspace ntawm Ukraine thiab muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub domestic kev lag luam.