Yuav ua li cas yog cov lus ntawm Aesop, thiab dab tsi yog nws tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntaub ntawv

Peb tau hnov ntau yam lub sij hawm cov lus "Aesop lus." Qhov no lub sij hawm txhais li cas thiab qhov twg nws tshwm sim? Nws tsis yog lub npe hu hais tias xws li ib tug neeg nyob, los yog nws ib tug collective duab. Muaj ntau ntau legends txog nws, nws lub neej zaj dabneeg sau nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua VI BC. e. nyob rau hauv Asia muaj hnub nyoog thiab yog ib tug qhev rau cov Lydian huab tais Croesus, txawm li cas los, resourceful siab, muaj peev thiab cunning pab tau nws txoj kev ywj pheej thiab ua nto moo rau ntau tiam neeg.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, uas yog tus nrhiav leej txiv ntawm cov txheej txheem no rau cov thawj lub sij hawm thiab siv cov lus ntawm Aesop. Piv txwv nws muab rau peb ib tug dab neeg uas hais tias Croesus, muaj qaug dej qaug cawv ntau dhau lawm, pib kom paub tseeb tias, yog tias muaj peev xwm haus dej haus mus rau lub hiav txwv thiab ua ib tug thawj koom ruam, muab nyob rau ntawm lub ceg txheem ntseeg tag nrho nws lub nceeg vaj. Cov tom ntej no thaum sawv ntxov, sober, tus huab tais nrhiav kev pab los ntawm nws tus tub qhe, thiab tau cog lus tseg rau muab nws nws txoj kev ywj pheej yog hais tias nws yuav cawm nws. Ib tug neeg paub qab hau tub qhe qhia nws hais tias: "Kuv cog lus tseg rau haus xwb lub hiav txwv, tsis muaj dej ntws thiab ntws uas ntws mus rau hauv nws. Kaw lawv, thiab kuv yuav ua tau kuv cov lus cog tseg. " Thiab vim tsis muaj ib tug muaj peev xwm mus ntsib tus mob no, Croesus yeej tus thawj koom ruam.

Raws li ib tug qhev, ces ib tug freedman, ib tug sage sau lus ntsuag, uas luag thuam cov stupidity, kev ntshaw, falsehood, thiab lwm yam vices neeg nws paub - feem ntau nws tus qub tswv thiab nws cov qhev-owning cov phooj ywg. Tab sis vim hais tias nws yog ib tug txiv neej yuam, ces nws hnav nws narrative allegory, periphrasis, resorted mus rau allegories, thiab lawv heroes deduced nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm cov tsiaj - hma, hma, uab lag, etc. Qhov no yog cov lus ntawm Aesop. Cov dluab nyob rau hauv funny dab neeg twb yooj yim coj, tiam sis lub "prototypes" yuav tsis ua dab tsi tsuas yog ua twj ywm npau taws heev heev. Nyob rau hauv hnub kawg, tus yeeb ncuab cog Aesop nyiag los ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm cov hlab, thiab cov pov thawj ntawm Delphi liam hais tias nws tub sab tub nyiag thiab sacrilege. Sage tau muab cov kev xaiv mus tshaj tawm ib tug qhev - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tus tswv yuav tsum tau them tsuas yog ib lub zoo. Tab sis Aesop xav kom nyob twj ywm dawb thiab mus txais kev rau txim. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws twb ces muab pov tseg tawm ib cov pob tsuas ntawm Delphi.

Yog li, ua tsaug rau nws ironic, tab sis allegorically suab Aesop los ua tus tsim ntawm lub txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem, raws li ib tug dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no era ntawm dictatorships thiab cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm qhia ntsuag ib hom ntawv nyeem enjoyed zoo chaw, thiab nws cov creator yog ib tus hero tiag nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tiam. Peb hais tau tias cov lus ntawm Aesop deb outlived nws creator. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Vatican tsev cia puav pheej yog muab Antique tais patterned hunchback (los ntawm cov lus dab neeg, Ezop muaj dab tuag zoo li thiab yog hunchback), thiab Fox, uas qhia ib yam dab tsi - critics ntseeg tau hais tias progenitor tais xwm dab neeg. Historians hais tias nyob rau hauv cov duab puab series "Xya Wise txiv neej" nyob rau hauv Athens ib zaug sawv ib tug pej thuam ntawm Aesop cutter Lysippos. Ces muaj ib tug sau ntawm fables txawj sau ntawv, tso ua ke anonymous.

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, Aesop lus yog tsis tshua muaj nrov: tus naas ej "taleas ntawm tus hma liab" yog ua los ntawd txoj kev allusive style, thiab nyob rau hauv cov dluab ntawm lub hma liab, tus hma, qaib, nees luav thiab lwm yam tsiaj thuam tag nrho kev txiav txim cov neeg tseem ceeb thiab cov txiv plig ntawm lub Koom Txoos Roman. Qhov no yam hais lus vaguely, tab sis aptly thiab tom, enjoyed Lafontaine, Saltykov-Shchedrin, paub slagatel Krylov lub fables, Ukrainian fabulist Glebe. Paj Lug Aesop txhais ua ntau yam lus, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv zaj lus sib dhos. Muaj ntau ntawm peb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yeej paub dab neeg ntawm lub uab lag thiab cov hma liab, cov hma liab thiab cov txiv hmab - cov dab neeg luv luv moralizing dab neeg yees ua tsis tau antique sage.

Peb tsis tau hais tias cov lus ntawm Aesop, uas nws muaj nqis nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub hom twg censorship reigns, hnub no yog sob. Allusive style, tsis txhob hu ncaj qha phiaj ntawm satire, nws "tsab ntawv" txhais tau hais tias hloov dua siab tshiab mus rau ib tug txhav censor, thiab "ntsuj plig" - tus nyeem ntawv. Txij li thaum lub tom kawg lub neej nyob rau hauv lub neej uas raug veiled thuam, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog nws. Thiab tseem muaj ntau tshaj ntawd: ib tug quirky txoj kev ntawm ridicule, tag nrho ntawm daim card allusions tau otgadki thaum cim thiab cov dluab ntau npaum li cas nthuav kom txawj nyeem ntawv tshaj ib tug tib neeg thiab blatant accusation tub ceev xwm tej kev ua txhaum cai, yog li lub ntsiab ntawm Aesop lus resorted txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv thiab sau xov xwm uas muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ntshai. Nws siv peb pom nyob rau hauv xov xwm, thiab sau xov xwm, thiab pamphlets rau tam sim no nom tswv thiab kev teeb meem.