Cov pejxeem ntawm Ethiopia. Tus xov tooj thiab ceev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Ethiopia. Cov chav kawm Ethiopian pejxeem

Cov pejxeem ntawm Ethiopia yog inhomogeneous nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm haiv neeg thiab kev cai dab qhuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab yog ib yam uas zoo txaus siab rau kev soj ntsuam, anthropologists thiab ethnologists. Lub keeb kwm destiny ntawm no cheeb tsam ntawm lub av loj neeg Asmeskas hloov zuj zuj nyuaj heev. Ntau pua xyoo, lub teb chaws tau tsim ib tug amazing conglomeration ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub zos pab pawg neeg thiab alien invaders, settlers thiab nomads. Cov pejxeem ntawm Ethiopia strikingly combines kev cai dab qhuas tej pawg neeg uas yog tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no lub tswv yim ntawm implacable cov yeeb ncuab ntawm Christianity, Islam, Judaism thiab tsoos cults.

statistics

Ethiopia - ib qho ntawm feem densely populated teb chaws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa (77 neeg uas tauj ib sq. Km). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm 75% ntawm cov pej xeem feeb meej nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab hauv paus qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws.

• Tus nab npawb ntawm Ethiopian pejxeem yog loj hlob sai heev: raws li ntawm 2014 nws li cas rau ntau tshaj 90, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kaum xyoo ua ntej hais tias, nyob rau hauv 2004 - tsuas yog 67 lab tus tib neeg .. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws ib tug ntau dua tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua neej nyob tsuas nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws.
• Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib lub tsev mus rau ntau tshaj 80 haiv neeg, ib co kev uas muaj xws li ob peb cais pab pawg neeg. Yeej los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg ntawm Oromo thiab Amhara.

• Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau populous nroog ntawm Ethiopia - yog lub capital ntawm Addis Ababa thiab dire Dawa, Harer. Cov kev ceev ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Ethiopia tau yeej ib txwm tau tov. Populated nroog yog heev ceev, thiab cov villagers yog ib tug me me feem pua.

Cov pejxeem ntawm Ethiopia: Haiv neeg qauv

Ntawm cov ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Ethiopia, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws heev heev thiab influential pawg haiv neeg. Nws yog prevailing nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub Amhara thiab cov Oromo, raws li zoo raws li ob peb lwm pab pawg.

Amhara. Los ntawm no haiv neeg twg muaj txog 1/3 ntawm Ethiopians. Nyob hauv cheeb tsam - sab qaum teb thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws, upland qhov chaw ntawm lub cheeb tsam Gonder, Shoa thiab Gojam. Nws yog vim cov lus thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Ethiopian Amhara tsim lub teb chaws. Niaj hnub no Amhara kuj ua feem ntau ntawm lub nroog pejxeem.

cim haiv neeg

Amhara Ethiopia yuav mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb haiv neeg - hloov hom ntawm Negroid thiab Caucasoid haiv neeg. Tsim ethnos pib, raws li keeb kwm qhov chaw, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub XIII xyoo pua. Feem coob ntawm cov Amhara - monophysites ntseeg teej tug mus rau lub zos Ethiopian Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Tab sis cov lawv koj yuav ntsib cov lwm yam Christian denominations thiab txawm Muslims.

Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm lub Ethiopian pejxeem, nyob rau hauv kev lub Amhara, raws li nyob rau hauv lub khais ua liaj ua teb thiab nyuj yug me nyuam rau. Nyob rau irrigated zaub teb thiab orchards cultivated ntau yam ntawm lub zos thiab txawv los ntawm lwm yam continents cereals, zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Amhara neeg yug nyuj thiab me me tsiaj nyeg, nqaij qaib, beekeeping. Crafts tsim nyob rau hauv xwsli blacksmithing, tais diav ntim chaws, weaving, tawv thiab pob txha khoom, wickerwork, jewellery. Niaj hnub no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv loj lub zos, cov pej xeem ntawm Ethiopia yog nyob los ntawm cov tib yam li lub tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no: kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv raug los yog nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam.

Cov ancient pawg neeg Oromo

Oromo (lub npe qub - Galla). Qhov no haiv neeg yog tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws, tab sis nws yog ntau tsawg homogeneous tshaj lub Amhara. Txawv pab pawg neeg thiab haiv neeg raws li ib feem ntawm lub Oromo yog tsis tsuas kev lig kev cai, tab sis kev cai dab qhuas ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tswv cuab, qhov xwm ntawm lub koom haum txoj kev nom kev tswv, nyiaj txiag thiab kev lub neej

Oromo yuav mus rau kushitoyazychnoy ntawm lub Ethiopian pejxeem. Thaum lawv twb nomads, thiab lub cheeb tsam ntawm lawv tej vaj tse nyob rau hauv tej tiaj nrag ntawm lub sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua Oromo kev koom tes raids nyob rau hauv kev koom Amhara, displacing hauv paus txawm coob farther sab qaum teb. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub Oromo twb pagans, followers ntawm tsoos haiv neeg ntseeg. Tom qab qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Ethiopia, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv hloov dua siab tshiab rau Islam, ib tug neeg tsawg hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Tej hloov kev cai dab qhuas ntawm lub qub nomads tsa zeem muag rau ntev social raws li txoj cai thiab tau pej xeem chaw ua hauj lwm. Yuav kom qhov no hnub twg, ntawm cov Oromo pom ib tug ntau ntawm cov los ntawm UFW ntawm cov pre-Christian cults.

Niaj hnub no lub Oromo predominate nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ntawm lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Ethiopian highlands. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub cheeb tsam inhabited by haum ntau yam pauv loj pastoral cov zej zog uas tseem ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm lub neej. Lawv xyaum ib tug archaic cult deifying lub ntiaj teb thiab lub ntuj, raws li nws cov legendary primogenitor Oromo, uas nws lub npe thiab yog tus lub npe ntawm tus lwm haiv neeg. Oromo tsoos haiv neeg yog muab faib ua castes, nyob ntawm seb txoj hauj lwm, pw ua ke thiab uas muaj hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg tswv cuab.

Somalia

Qhov no lub teb chaws twb ua ke pejxeem ntawm Somalia, nws yog tam sim no muab faib ua ob sub-pawg haiv neeg:

• somale,
• sub (nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws).

Tag nrho Somalis yog kushitoyazychnoy pab pawg neeg. Keeb kwm tsim cheeb tsam lawv nyob qhov twg - nws yog arid sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj tuaj txog pem ntwg Ethiopia (lub Ogaden cheeb tsam, thiab lwm tus neeg.). Nyob rau hauv lub ethnically Somali los ze zog mus rau lub ciam teb cov zej zog ntawm Kenya, Djibouti thiab Somalia nws tus kheej tshaj li mus rau lub Amhara thiab Oromo.

lwm haiv neeg

Agau. Thaum ib tug loj haiv neeg lub zej zog, nyob nyob rau hauv lub Ethiopian highlands. Los ntawm lub sij hawm tam sim Agau yuav luag tag assimilated los ntawm cov Amhara. Agau tus kheej cov lus tau koom lub Cushitic pab pawg neeg.

Rau hnub tim, Agau, uas tau tseg lawv haiv neeg, nyob sab qaum teb ntawm lub pas dej Tana. Cov Agau muaj ob predominant kev cai dab qhuas denomination - yog cov neeg Yudais (Falasha hom), thiab Kemet. Cov yav tas yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv Ethiopia thiab yog ib tug complex syncretic kev ntseeg: muaj tshwm sim rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm cov tsoos pagan cults, cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Judaism. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub cult xyaum Kemet tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej rau outsiders, tab sis thov kom Kemet rau ib tug neeg uas tsis yog yug neeg uas hnov txog qhov no txoj kev ntseeg, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Gurage. Rau loj pawg haiv neeg ntawm Ethiopia kuj Semitic neeg Gurage, feeb koom nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb.

Tigray. Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg heev nyob ze rau qhov Amhara, lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Axumite civilization. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub northeast ntawm lub Ethiopian highlands.

Nws zoo li nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov pej xeem ntawm Ethiopia. Ntau haiv neeg conglomeration ntawm nationalities, kev ntseeg thiab haiv neeg yog cov txwm ntawm no North African lub teb chaws. Economic kev ua ub no ntawm cov Ethiopian pejxeem yog ntau haiv neeg. Ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pejxeem yog cov feem ntau ua kev ethnically lub teb chaws.