Cov kev ceev ntawm lub tungsten. Properties thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm tungsten

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev ceev ntawm tungsten? Yuav ua li cas yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws daim ntawv thov? Peb yuav nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no ua ke.

Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub SS

Qhov no yog ib yam tshuaj caij nyob rau hauv lub thib rau lub pab pawg neeg ntawm cov periodic system. Nws serial tooj 74, lub qhov ntau ntawm cov txheeb ze atomic loj ntawm 183,85. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tungsten yog txiav txim los ntawm nws cov high melting point. Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov refractory hlau. Nyob rau hauv lub natural tungsten muaj tsib ruaj khov isotopes, uas muaj xws li cov pawg xov tooj los ntawm 180 mus 186.

Qhib lub caij

Qhov no tshuaj caij twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lig 18th caug xyoo. Scheele K. ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cais nws los ntawm cov mineral, nyob rau lub hlau yog muaj raws li ib tug oxide. Tungsten ntev lub sij hawm twb suab tsis muaj muaj daim ntawv thov, nws twb tsis tau thov. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua puv 19, hlau pib yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug additive nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua siab zog hlau.

Txheem nyob rau hauv cov xwm

Nyob rau hauv lub kiav txhab active neeg yog nyob rau hauv ib tug me npaum li cas. Cov dawb daim ntawv yog tsis pom, nws yog nyob xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov. Nyob rau hauv industrial scale siv nws oxides.

lub zog

19300 - ib tug tungsten ceev kg / m3 ntawm standard tej yam kev mob. Cov hlau ntaub ntawv ib lub cev-chaw nyhav lattice concentric. Nws yog ib tug zoo qhia ntawm lub tshav kub muaj peev xwm. High kub coefficient tungsten piav nws refractoriness. Lub melting kub yog 3380 degrees Celsius. Cov neeg kho tshuab thaj chaw ntawm influences nws pretreatment. Muab tungsten ceev nyob rau hauv 20 nrog 19 3 g / cm3, nws yuav raug coj los mus rau lub xeev ntawm ib siv lead ua fiber. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua hlau therefrom. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm chav tsev kub ntawm tungsten muaj ib tug me me ductility.

tungsten nta

Tej ceev tungsten hniav rau qhov no hlau ib feem zog. Nws muaj ib tug heev tsawg tus nqi ntawm evaporation, siab kub point. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm hluav taws xob conductivity qis dua cov tungsten tooj liab peb lub sij hawm. Nws yog ib tug zoo ceev ntawm tungsten txwv lub Scope ntawm nws siv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws siv muaj feem xyuam rau nce fragility ntawm tsawg kub, tsis khov rau oxidation los ntawm atmospheric oxygen tsis sov.

Los ntawm lwm cov yam ntxwv tungsten yog zoo li hlau. Nws yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua alloys nrog nce lub zog. tungsten ua yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm ib kom kub.

tungsten Nyiaj Muas

Tsis tsuas yog cov kev ceev ntawm tungsten, tab sis lub additives siv nyob rau hauv metallurgy, yog pom tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub cim ntawm cov hlau. Piv txwv li, IA assumes ib sib tov ntawm tungsten nrog txhuas thiab silicon. Rau cov uas ua qib ua npaws raug pib recrystallization, lub dag lub zog tom qab annealing.

Nws yuav muab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm rau tungsten li ib tug additive yog lanthanum oxide uas tsub kom lub emission thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau.

CF - ib tug hlau ntawm tungsten thiab molybdenum. Tej pes tsawg leeg pab lub dag lub zog, ductility hlau khaws tom qab annealing.

Teb ntawm tungsten siv

Lub cim thaj chaw ntawm hlau predetermine nws daim ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj nplai, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv thiab raws li alloys.

Tungsten nyob rau hauv lub tsev siv mas nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob daim ntaub ntawv.

Qhov ntawd yog nws yog siv raws li ib tug lub ntsiab tivthaiv (alloying caij) thaum lub sij hawm zus tau tej cov kev kub ceev steels. Nyob rau nruab nrab, cov tungsten cov ntsiab lus yog los ntawm cuaj mus rau nees nkaum feem pua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub cuab tam hlau.

Tej tib rab diav rawg steels siv rau qhov siv thiab ua milling cutters, hnyiab, punches, tuag. Piv txwv li, high-ceev steel R6M5 qhia tias tus steel yog alloyed nrog cobalt thiab molybdenum. Tsis tas li ntawd, tungsten yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub nqus steels raug muab faib ua volframokobaltovye thiab tungsten hom.

Tungsten nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub tshuam tsis thov nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv. Tungsten carbide yog ib tug compound ntawm cov hlau nrog carbon. Cov compound yog yus muaj los ntawm siab hardness, refractoriness, hnav kuj zoo li. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm tungsten carbide cov cuab yeej no yog ua los tsim cov khoom alloys muaj txog 90 feem pua tungsten, thiab hais txog 10 feem pua cobalt. Hard hlau tej feem tsim drilling thiab txiav cov cuab yeej.

Hom ntawm steels raws li tungsten

Hnav-resistant thiab thaum tshav kub kub-resistant alloys raws li tungsten infusibility. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam ntau tungsten tebchaw nrog cobalt thiab chromium, uas yog hu ua stellite. Lawv los ntawm vuam thov mus rau lub coj ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj cov cav tov.

"Hnyav" thiab hu alloys - ib tug sib tov ntawm tungsten nrog nyiaj los yog tooj liab. Lawv pom tau hais tias sufficiently zoo hu ntaub ntawv yog li ntawd siv tau rau zus tau tej cov ua hauj lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag-electrodes rau chaw welding, thiab cov fabrication ntawm Circuit Court tej fais fab.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau, forged cov khoom, tungsten ribbon siv nyob rau hauv electronics, nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua hluav taws xob teeb, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv X-ray technology. Nws yog ib qhov hlau yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv uas los tsim qwj thiab ntsiabteeb yarns.

Tungsten rods thiab nyob ntawm tej uas yuav tsum tau rau cov siv thiab ua cov hluav taws xob cua sov rau kub furnaces. Tso cua sov raws li nyob rau hauv tungsten ua tau hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug inert roj cua ntawm hydrogen thiab nyob rau hauv vacuo.

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sectors ntawm kev siv ntawm tungsten yog Vuam. Therefrom tsim electrodes uas yog siv rau arc welding. Cov uas ua electrodes yog xam tau tias yog nonconsumable.

Kev npaj ntawm refractory hlau

Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yog tungsten? Nqe ib kg yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 900 rau 1200 rubles. Nws belongs rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm tsawg hlau ntsiab. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm no lub tib qib li tungsten rubidium, molybdenum. Tsis tshua muaj co yog me scale siv vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov tsis tseem ceeb txaus concentration nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab. Tsis muaj leej twg cov co muaj peev xwm tsis tau los ntawm yuav txo tau ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Yuav pib nrog nyoos ua rau ntau yam tshuaj. Nco ntsoov tias nqa tawm thiab tshwj xeeb ntxiv ua ntawm co mus rau lawv tag nrho ua.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev saw tau txais tsawg tungsten yog peb theem. Thawj lub ore decomposition yog nqa tawm los ntawm nkauj nraug lub zoo tu qab tso hlau los ntawm luj ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li nws cov concentration nyob rau hauv lub precipitate los yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Ntxiv retrieves sib ntshiab tebchaw, xaiv yog nqa tawm, thiab cov tu tshuaj. Qhov thib peb theem yog cais los ntawm cov lim hlau los ntawm lub oxide impurities.

Raws li ib tug raw khoom nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tungsten ua wolframite. Qhov no ore muaj txog ob feem pua ntshiab hlau. Ore yog nqa tawm los ntawm flotation, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, electromagnetic los yog sib nqus sib cais. Tom qab kawm tungsten concentrate yog tsim, uas muaj txog 65 feem pua tungsten oxide (6). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus hlau, xws concentrates muaj impurities ntawm cov leej faj, tooj liab, phosphorous, arsenic, Bismuth, antimony. Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yog ib tug tungsten? Tus nqi rau ib kilogram yog hais txog ib txhiab rubles. Yuav kom tsim tungsten hmoov, nws yog tsim nyog los rov qab los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide los yog hydrogen.

Mas siv hydrogenation txoj kev, vim cov pa roj carbon ntxiv hlau embrittlement muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau hauv nws processability. Tshwj xeeb txoj kev yog siv rau qhov siv thiab tungsten hmoov, uas tso cai rau rau kev tsom xam cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, grain loj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub granules tsim.

Compact hydrogen tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tuav los yog ingots yog siv raws li preforms nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua semi-tiav lawm cov khoom xws li ribbon, hlau.

Lub ob tam sim no siv txoj kev ntawm kev tsim compact tungsten. Tus thawj txoj kev yuav siv cov hmoov metallurgy. Raws li ib tug thib ob txoj kev tso cai rau kev siv ntawm hluav taws xob arc tshuab cua sov uas siv consumable electrodes.

Feem ntau hom ntawm cov khoom los ntawm tungsten hlau thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb, yog tungsten rods. Yog npaj los ntawm forging ntawm forging ntawm tuav rau ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuab. Tiav lawm cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam sectors ntawm niaj hnub kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov uas tsis yog-consumable electrode vuam yog tau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tungsten rods yog siv thaum uas tsim cua sov. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv roj paug pab kiag li lawm, hluav taws xob qhov muag teev.