Ces dag qog cov hlab ntsha. Lymphatics neeg. Kab mob ntawm cov lymphatic hlab ntsha

Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug system nyob rau hauv lub cev, yog li ntawd, yog hais tias nws nyob. Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob rau cov dej num ntawm ceg ntawm cov qauv. Qhov no qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi tag nrho los ua lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tib neeg lub plawv thiab lymphatic systems. Healthy txheem ntawm cov lug yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj rau lub ruaj lub lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Ntxiv tsom xam nyob rau hauv kom meej, dab tsi tseem ceeb ntshav thiab lymph hlab ntsha. Peb pib nrog cov tom kawg.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Tib neeg lymphatic hlab ntsha sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom kev ua tej yam zog. Yog li, qhov uas qhia tawm:

• Hlab ntsha.
• Loj yeej (thoracic thiab txoj cai raws).
• Extra- thiab intraorgannye hlab ntsha.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij thiab muaj amyous hom. Cov nqi ndlwg thiab siab (hemodynamic tej yam kev mob) nyob ze rau cov neeg uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub venous kab. Yog hais tias peb tham txog dab tsi cov qauv ntawm cov lymphatic hlab ntsha, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg zoo tsim plhaub. Vim lub puab cover flaps raug tsim.

capillary

Qhov no lymphatic txog ntsha txawv sufficiently permeable phab ntsa. Hlab ntsha uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ib co kab slurry thiab colloidal kev daws teeb meem. Lub raws tsim ib tug network, uas sawv cev rau thaum pib ntawm lub lymphatic system. Muab mus ua ib lub loj capillary channel. Txhua tsim lymphatic txog ntsha dhau mus rau subclavian leeg ntawm lub caj dab thiab lub kaus siab.

Navigating tus raws ntawm cov ntsiab lus

Movement qog los ntawm cov lymphatic hlab ntsha nqa los ntawm lub tsev me nyuam ciav nyob rau hauv venous txaj. Raws li cov thoracic ntws tshwm sim nrog zoo tag nrho (tshwj tsis yog lub taub hau) ntawm lub cev. Ob leeg txaus muaj nyob rau hauv lub subclavian cov hlab ntsha. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tag nrho cov kua tau txais los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog xa rov qab mus rau cov ntshav rov qab. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, rau cov neeg uas tshwm sim raws li lub qog los ntawm cov lymphatic hlab ntsha lub zog, nqa kua. Thaum ua txhaum tshwm sim outflow ntawm lub pathological mob. Nws yog hu ua limfostazom. Qhov tseem cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tej yam tshwm sim muaj xws li o nyob rau hauv lub extremities.

system zog

Lub lymphatic hlab ntsha thiab ntshav saum toj no tag nrho cov paub meej lub txij nkawm ntawm lub constancy ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub system ua lub nram qab no functions:

• Thauj los ntawm plab hnyuv as-ham rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
• Nws muab ib qhov txuas ntawm cov ntshav, nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij.
• Koom nyob rau hauv immunological dab.
• Nws kom rov qab los ntawm electrolytes, dej, protein nyob rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm cov intercellular qhov chaw.
• Nws neutralizes lub teeb meem compound.

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub lymphatic hlab ntsha yog ntshav. Lawv tso kua. Lymph ntshav muab ib cov kua formulation thiab cov teeb meem-lim kev tiv thaiv (ua macrophages). Cov kev cai ntawm lub outflow yog tshee sympathetic system.

sis lug

Nyob rau hauv ze sib thooj mus rau cov ntshav, qog cov hlab ntsha pib blindly. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub microvasculature qauv. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug nyob ze kev haumxeeb thiab anatomical kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov ntshav thiab lymphatic hlab ntsha. Los ntawm gemokapillyarov nkag mus tsim nyog cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim substance. Los ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv limfokapillyary txeem ntau yam tshuaj. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, cov khoom ntawm metabolic dab, lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub tebchaw nyob rau tom qab ntawm pathological mob, cov kev mob hlwb. Enriched thiab lim qog nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Yog li ntawd nws kho nrog puag ncig nyob rau hauv tus kab mob thiab intercellular (basic) substance.

sib txawv lug

Me ntshav thiab lymphatic hlab ntsha muaj txawv diameters (tus tom kawg yog loj). Endothelial hlwb ntawm cov thawj ntau tshaj lub thib ob, 3-4 lub sij hawm. Limfakapillyary tsis muaj ib tug basal membrane thiab pericytes, xaus blindly. Cov lug tsim ib tug network thiab poob mus rau hauv ib tug ntiav ekstraorgannye intraorgannye channel.

postcapillaries

Intraorganic efferent channel - nws amyous (fibrous) qauv. Txhua lymphatic txog ntsha muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm txog 40 microns. Endothelial hlwb nyob rau hauv lub raws dag rau me me membrane. Nyob rau hauv nws yog elastic thiab collagen fibers, uas dhau mus rau hauv lub plhaub. Postcapillary txaj ua kua muaj nuj nqi.

Ekstraorgannye txaj

Cov hlab ntsha txawv loj caliber tshaj yav dhau los sawv daws yuav thiab pom tau hais tias dag. Lawv mus rau lub lug ntawm npag hom. Yog hais tias lub ces dag lymphatic txog ntsha (Latin - vasa lymphatica superficialia) nyob rau hauv lub Upper tsam ntawm lub pob tw, caj dab, lub ntsej muag, lub myocyte therein yog txaus me me. Yog hais tias tus khiav khiav raws qab ntawm lub cev thiab ob txhais ceg, lub npag hais ntxiv.

Tus qauv ntawm medium-caliber

Qhov no nqaij hom channel. Tus qauv ntawm lub lymphatic hlab ntsha ntawm no pab pawg neeg no muaj ib co peculiarities. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov phab ntsa tag nrho peb plhaub sufficiently zoo txhais: lub txheej, nruab nrab thiab puab. Cov yav tas yog sawv cev endothelium dag rau me me membrane subendothelial (nws muaj multidirectional elastic thiab collagen fibers) thiab ywj fibers plexuses.

Li qub thiab plhaub

Cov ntsiab sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam heev zoo. Li qub yog tsim los ntawm lub puab plhaub. Raws li ib lub hauv paus ua hauj lwm pab fibrous phaj. muaj cov ntsiab ntawm cov smooth nqaij nyob rau hauv nws lub plawv. Cov phaj npog lub endothelium. Nruab nrab plhaub ducts tsim bundles ntawm tus mob hlwb. Lawv qhia obliquely thiab circularly. Tsis tas li ntawd sawv cev sheath khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm connective (xoob) cov ntaub so ntswg. sab qauv yog tsim los ntawm tib lub fibers. Nws hais mus rau hauv lub surrounding cov ntaub so ntswg.

Van Hoorne tus kwj dej

Qhov no lymphatic txog ntsha muaj ib lub phab ntsa qauv uas yog zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm cov qis vena cava. Lub puab plhaub muab endothelium thiab subendothelium plexus nrog elastic fibers. Tus thawj tshwm sim nyob rau quas ntus me me basal membrane. Subendothelium muaj undifferentiated hlwb, elastic thiab collagen fibers, uas yog taw qhia kom paub nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia, raws li zoo raws li tus nqaij ntsiab. Puab plhaub nyob rau hauv lub thoracic ciav 9 yog tsim li qub, nrog rau cov qib ntawm cov qog caj dab leeg. Tunica qhia tau hais tias tus nqaij ntsiab. Lawv yog cov yeej thiab oblique kev taw qhia. Tsis tas li ntawd tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub plhaub multidirectional elastic thiab collagen fibers. Cov txheej qauv rau diaphragmatic theem plaub lub sij hawm thicker tshaj puab thiab nruab nrab ua ke. Lub plhaub sawv cev xoob connective cov ntaub so ntswg thiab tus nqaij bundles, cov txheej txheem ntawm longitudinally. Ces dag qog txog ntsha nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha jugular. Nyob ze ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus ciav phab ntsa yog thinner tshaj nyob rau hauv lub diaphragmatic theem 2 lub sij hawm.

lwm yam ntsiab

Nruab nrab ntawm ob li qub pov tseg nyob rau hauv cov nyob ze cov qog txog ntsha, tam sim no tshwj xeeb feem. Nws yog hu ua lymphangions. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub npag cuff, lub valve qhov ntswg phab ntsa thiab lub Symptoms feem ua tau VALVE. Txoj cai thoracic ciav thiab hais raws li loj yeej. Cov ntsiab ntawm lub lymphatic system myocytes (mob hlwb) yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov week (peb).

Fais fab ciav phab ntsa

Nyob rau hauv lub plhaub ntawm cov ntshav thiab lymphatic hlab ntsha muaj raws hlab ntsha. Cov me arterial ceg diverge txheej: nruab nrab thiab txheej nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb. Los ntawm artery phab ntsa los sib capillary ntshav mus rau hauv cov leeg thiab venules. Lawv nyob tom ntej no mus cov hlab ntsha. Los ntawm cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub puab plhaub venous ntshav tsiv mus rau lub venous lumen. Hwj chim loj qog ducts muaj ib tug singularity. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias arterial ceg yog tsis nrog venous extending nyias. Lub venules thiab arterioles vascular hlab ntsha tsis kuaj.

O ntawm lub lymphatic hlab ntsha

Qhov no pathology yog suav tias yog secondary. Nws yog ib tug mob inflammatory kev ntawm daim tawv nqaij (furuncles, carbuncles, purulent txhab muaj) thiab lub hom ntawm tus kab mob (tuberculosis, syphilis, thiab lwm yam). thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem yuav ua tau mob los yog mob. Tsis tas li ntawd paim meej thiab uas tsis yog-kev o ntawm lub lymphatic hlab ntsha. Tus kab mob yog yus muaj los ntawm malaise, tsis muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob ua npaws. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm pathology yog mob nyob rau hauv lymph node. Causative tus kab mob yuav ua tau txhua yam pyogenic kab mob (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus). Thiaj paub hais tias tus kab mob tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas cov teeb meem. Therapeutic ntsuas tsa nyob rau hauv raws li cov theem ntawm tus kab mob. Lub sulfonamides thiab tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv raws li ib tug conservative txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv heev zaus, ces dag qog txog ntsha yog drained los ntawm cov lus qhib ntawm ib tug rwj.

mob

Hodgkin tus kab mob - nqaij hlav - muaj feem xyuam rau mas cov tub ntxhais hluas (15-10 xyoo). Cov tsos mob nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm tus kab mob yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, thiab o cov qog ntshav hauv tus neeg mob yog tsis ntxhov. Raws li tus kab mob loj zuj zus muaj metastasis. Lub qog kis mus rau lwm cov qog ntshav thiab kabmob, cov uas lub thawj feem ntau yog txom nyem po. Tom qab hais tias, lawv pib qhia tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus neeg mob muaj kub taub hau, tsis muaj zog, tawm hws, daim tawv nqaij khaus, txo phaus. Thiaj paub hais tias tus kab mob ntawm txoj kev tshawb no leukocyte thiab me khoom.

lymphadenopathy

Yuav kom paub qhov txawv no pathology los ntawm lwm yam tsuas. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm li cas los, tej zaum nws yuav tsis yooj yim ntawm nce lub tsev me nyuam hlwb. Lymphadenopathy muab faib mus rau hauv reactive thiab qog - uas tsis yog-inflammatory thiab inflammatory. Tsis ntev los no txwv kom muab zais rau hauv kab thiab uas tsis yog-kis kab mob ntawm cov lymphatic hlab ntsha. Lawv nrog diffuse connective cov ntaub so ntswg mob, kev ua xua, mob caj dab rheumatoid. Reactive nce nyob rau hauv cov qog ntawm cell loj hlob qhia ib lub cev tsis teb vim muaj ib tug autoimmune, allergic, mob los yog tshuaj lom nres inflammatory txheej txheem. Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug mob ua rau kom cov yam ntxwv hais ua infiltration ntawm phem hlwb uas poob los ntawm lwm yam kabmob (rau leukemia los yog mob cancer metastasis) los yog sawv nyob rau hauv lub system ntawm ib tug tom qab ntawm phem lymphomas thiab lymphosarcoma. Pathology yuav ua tau generalized thiab xwb. Cov yav tas, li cas los xij, yuav tsiv mus nyob rau lub thawj. Chiv xa mus rau raws li Hodgkin limited lymphadenopathy thiab ces, tom qab ib pliag, nws yuav generalized. Lub reactive pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li ib tug ncaj ntau yam ntawm pathologies yog diagnostic.

sarcoma duct

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm phem xwm ntawm lub qog. Lymphosarcoma yuav tshwm sim kiag li thaum twg muaj hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, nws pib nrog qog rau ntawm ib sab. Pob txheej txheem yog yus muaj los ntawm sufficiently siab npaum li cas ntawm kev vam meej, thiab metastasis kev active malignancy. Tus neeg mob tus mob yuav ho deteriorate nyob rau hauv ib luv luv lub sij hawm. Cov neeg mob yog ua npaws, sai dua li qub lub cev hnyav, tawm hws hmo ntuj yuav tsub kom. Mob yog histological thiab cytological kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cov qog.