Budapest Memorandum 1994

Budapest Memorandum Ukraine, United Kingdom, Russia thiab US kos npe Hlis ntuj nqeg 5, 1994. Ntawv ntsia kev ruaj ntseg tseeb nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog Ukraine lub accession mus rau lub Treaty rau lub Non-loj hlob ntawm Nuclear Riam phom. Nyob rau hauv 1996, qhov no kev twb kev txuas tau tuav.

fundamentals

Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub Budapest Memorandum 1994 muab Ukraine txoj kev rau siab rau tshem tawm los ntawm lawv cov chaw uas zoo heev tag nrho cov nuclear riam phom nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, lub teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas thiab lub tebchaws United Kingdom tau ua:

• Yuav kom hwm lub hwjchim kav, muaj kev ywj pheej thiab lub uas twb muaj lawm ciam teb rau lwm ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv raws li cov ua zaum kawg Act ntawm lub OSCE.
• Tsis txhob siv tej riam phom tiv thaiv cov nom tswv kev ywj pheej thiab hwv ncaj ncees ntawm Ukraine, yog hais tias tsis rau nws tus kheej tiv thaiv hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv raws li cov UN Charter.
• Yuav kom caiv txhob economic quab yuam, uas aims Tiamsis qhov kev siv los ntawm Ukraine ntawm cov cai xam qhovkev rau hauv nws cov sovereignty thiab nws tus kheej nyiam nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm kev ruaj ntseg yam kom zoo dua.
• Thov los ntawm lub UN Security Council rau tam sim ntawd txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias Ukraine raws li ib tug lub teb chaws - tog mus rau lub Treaty rau lub Non-loj hlob ntawm Nuclear Riam phom yuav raug ntshai heev txawm los tsim txom los ntawm aggression nrog nuclear riam phom.
• Tsis txhob siv nuclear riam phom tiv thaiv Ukraine, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsoom fwv hais txog memorandum, lawv liaj ia tebchaws thiab lawv cov phoojywg.
• Muab tswv yim, yog muaj kev tsis sib haum txog cov saum toj no cov luag num.

Tuam Tshoj thiab Fabkis

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, thaum nws tau kos npe los ntawm tus Budapest Memorandum, tag nrho cov neeg ntawm lub Treaty rau lub Non-loj hlob Treaty muaj ob tug nuclear powers - Fabkis thiab Tuam Tshoj. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis kos npe rau cov ntawv nyeem ntawm daim ntawv thiab qhia safeguards los ntawm cov txais cov nqe lus. Lawv txawv yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj yam khoom rau yuav tsum tau sib tham nrog ambiguous teeb meem.

kev cai lij choj raws li txoj cai

Tam sim no, sib cav tswv yim tseem txog seb cov ntaub ntawv rau ob tog raws kev raws cai losis tswvyim dabtsi. Raws li ntawm lub 2014 Budapest Memorandum tsis tau ratified. Raws li Vladimir Ryabtsev, thawj secretary ntawm lub Ukrainian Txawv Teb Chaws Ministry, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ncej nyob rau hauv 1994-1995. thiab koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thaum kos npe rau lo lus nug ntawm sawvdaws nyob rau hauv lub xeev uas yog ob tog, nws tsis tau lawm. Ces, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Ryabtsev, muaj ib tug to taub tias cov Budapest Memorandum, cov ntawv nyeem uas twb txais yuav los ntawm tus tswv cuab lub xeev, yuav tsum tau pab kev kawm ntawv.

Ryabtsev kuj qhia qhov view tias tus Lavxias teb sab Federation nyob rau hauv 2003, thaum muaj ib tug teeb meem nyob ib ncig ntawm cov kob Ace pom qhov opposite txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb thiab khi ntawm lub kos npe rau daim ntawv nyob rau hauv Hungary teb. Yav tas los thawj secretary ntawm lub Ukrainian Txawv Teb Chaws Ministry hais tias nyob rau hauv 2010 thaum kawg pom tau hais tias cov Budapest Memorandum 1994 thoob ntiaj teb raws li txoj cai losis tswvyim dabtsi ntawv no tsis yog, raws li muaj nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub Review kev sib tham hauv lub rooj sib tham pom qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los ua tsuas xav tau lub daim ntawv cog lus uas tau raug ratified los ntawm lub xeev . Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Vladimir Ryabtsev tsis pom zoo nrog lub prevailing classifications tam sim no lub sij hawm lub Memorandum li ib daim ntawv uas qhia cov luag num ntawm ob tog, thiab txiav txim siab nws ib lub xeev daim ntawv cog lus, kom meej meej kho kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj txaus.

Lub tswv yim ntawm lwm cov nuj nqis

Vladimir Gorbulin, ex-secretary ntawm Security Council ntawm Ukraine, thiab Alexander Litvinenko, tus kws kho mob ntawm Political Science, hais txog qhov tseeb hais tias Ukraine yuav tsum pib ib tug thoob ntiaj rooj sab laj, nyob rau hauv uas los npaj ib tug tshiab kev pom zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg guarantees, uas yuav hloov lub Budapest Memorandum nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 2009. Mus koom nyob rau hauv lub rooj sab laj tau hais kom kos lub xeev guaranteed nyob rau hauv 1994, Ukraine txoj kev ruaj ntseg, raws li zoo li lwm yam loj geopolitical players.

Crimean ntsoog thiab cov Memorandum

Lavxias teb sab President Vladimir Putin nyob rau tom qab ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub Crimea, Lub peb hlis ntuj 1, 2014 tau txais kev tso cai los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws Council siv ib ncig ntawm lub Ukrainian lub xeev, Russia lub armed forces li ntev raws li muaj yog tsis muaj normalized socio-thoj teeb meem no nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov kev ntsuas yog vim, raws li Putin, tam sim no Ukrainian extraordinary qhov teeb meem uas tsim kev lub neej ntawm peb cov compatriots, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias, nyob rau hauv raws li ib tug thoob ntiaj teb treaty nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Ukrainian lub xeev yog deployed neeg ntawm cov tub rog contingent ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation Armed Forces. Teb ua rau tsis muaj leej twg hais tias, tab sis muaj heev heev piv txwv ntawm cov neeg gripping unmarked tub rog sib Armed Forces ntawm Ukraine. Raws li cov Ukrainian cov tub ceev xwm, nws yog tus Lavxias teb sab tub rog.

Putin cov lus

Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia chiv tsis pom zoo tias peb cov tub rog coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ntsoog. Txawm li cas los, tom qab pub ntxiv tshaj lub Crimea rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation Putin paub tseeb tias Lavxias teb sab tub rog siab ceg av qab teb tiv thaiv rog thaum lub sij hawm lub referendum. Cov kev nqis tes ua, raws li tus thawj tswj hwm, tau npaum li cas los xyuas kom meej tej yam kev mob rau cov dawb qhia ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm lub Crimean neeg thiab kev txuag nyob rau hauv lub Crimea thaj yeeb ib puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd, Vladimir Putin hais tias Russia yeej tsis zais qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv lawv cov tub rog los thaiv cov tub rog units ntawm lub Ukrainians.

Budapest Memorandum ob lub qhov muag ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub ceev xwm

Peb lub teb chaws officially rejects tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm accusations ntawm txhaum cov ntawv cog lus ntawm 1994 thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv applicability rau cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Lavxias teb sab President rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 4 2014 lub xyoo yog ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias txij li thaum lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv Ukraine, peb tau tias hais tias nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws tsim ib tug tshiab lub xeev, thiab Russia nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau nws tsis tau tso npe tej losis tswvyim dabtsi ntaub ntawv.

Kuv muab ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau txawv teb chaws Ministry rau lub Plaub Hlis 1 uas RF yog tsis guaranteed hais tias yuav yuam ib feem ntawm Ukraine tiv thaiv cov xav li cas ntawm cov neeg hauv zos mus nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, thiab lub 1994 Budapest Memorandum rau qhov kev tshwm sim uas tau tshwm sim ntawm kev ua ntawm kev, economic thiab domestic kev nom kev tswv yam, tsis thov . Tej yam zoo MFA ntawm Russia coj cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Crimea.

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation rau lub substance ntawm qhov teeb meem yog li no: lub Budapest Memorandum nyob rau hauv nws cov tswvyim tsuas muaj cov nyiaj npaj tsis tau hem tias yuav ua siv nuclear riam phom thiab tsis txhob siv lawv tawm tsam uas tsis yog-nuclear lub xeev, thiab yuav ua li cas yog Ukraine. Qhov no yuav tsum Russia ua raws li tag nrho nrog, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev zoo.

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Ukrainian tub ceev xwm

Ukrainian sab ntseeg hais tias Russia ua nyob rau hauv Crimea, nrog rau cov ceg av qab teb koom Russia nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm lub 1994 Budapest Memorandum. Lub peb hlis ntuj 21, 2014 th Lub Verkhovna Rada tau saws lub tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv sib ntaus rau lub liberation ntawm Ukraine thiab nws hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Federation tsis tau tsuas yog ua txhaum uas twb muaj lawm kev cai ntawm lub sovereign Ukrainian lub xeev, tab sis kuj tsis quav ntsej li cov cai ntawm thoob ntiaj teb txoj cai, uas yog enshrined nyob rau hauv lub UN Charter.

27 rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 2014, Andrei Deshchitsa, Acting Minister ntawm Txawv Teb Chaws Affairs ntawm Ukraine, thaum lub sij hawm nws hais lus nyob rau lub UN General los ua ke, hais tias ib tug kev ib feem ntawm lub Ukrainian lub xeev hauv lub teb chaws twb forcibly annexed tom qab ob lub lim piam ntawm cov tub rog txoj hauj lwm, hu ua yuam ua hauj lwm yuav lav tsis tau lub hwjchim kav, muaj kev ywj pheej thiab hwv ncaj ncees ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv raws li cov Budapest memorandum. Deshchitsa nug hais tias tus UN General Assembly los pab txhawb kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub hwv ncaj ncees ntawm Ukraine, uas tau tshaj tawm ib tug referendum muaj nyob rau hauv Crimea, unenforceable.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Hlis ntuj nqeg 5, 2014, nyob rau lub thib nees nkaum hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Budapest Memorandum, Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Prime Minister, ib zaug dua hu ua rau ob tog mus rau lub treaty undertake ob leeg decisive kev txiav txim kom yuam Russia kom tiav raws li nws cov lus cog tseg. Nyob rau hauv lem, Sergei Lavrov, Lavxias teb sab Txawv Teb Chaws Minister, hais tias lub Memorandum tsis muaj ib qho kev lav ris kom nco tau thaum nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Ukraine, lub coup d'état. Nyob rau hlis ntuj nqeg 6, 2014, cov neeg tuaj koom ntawm lub "Crimean teg num" tshaj tawm hais tias nws yog Ukraine tau ua txhaum Txoj Cai Budapest Memorandum, txij thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kos npe rau sovereignty ntawm lub teb chaws no tsis tau ua ntawv thov mus rau lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea, lub ceg av qab teb thiab nyob rau hauv kev rau ntau xyoo yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Ukrainian lub xeev illegally.

Raws li koj tau pom, lub sib cav tswv yim hais txog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kos npe Hlis ntuj nqeg 5, 1994 daim ntawv tsis tu tsis tseg rau hnub no. Peb yuav tsuas ua raws li cov uas.