Barnum cov nyhuv hauv psychology: cov piv txwv, cov ntsiab lus, kev siv cov

Barnum nyhuv - nws yog ib txoj kev puas siab puas ntsws manipulation (tib neeg raug tus kab mob) siv generalized nqe lus thiab cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830 nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug circus tswv ntxias Phineas Taylor Barnum, nyob rau hauv uas nws yawm thiab muaj npe no txoj kev ntawm tib neeg tswj. Lwm lub npe - Forer nyhuv, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus naas ej psychologist Bertram Forer. Nws tau ntev kawm Barnum nyhuv thiab experimented.

fine Kab

Raws li koj paub, cov neeg no heev fond ntawm mysticism, khawv koob thiab txojkev saib hmoov. qhov no yog tib txoj kev mus nrhiav tau cov kev cia siab hais tias txhua yam yuav zoo rau cov tsis muaj zog neeg. Kwvyees muab lawv lub dag lub zog thiab kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv no ua si-thiab charlatans uas dag lawv cov neeg raug los ntawm ntau yam txojkev saib hmoov. Koj tej zaum yuav tsum tsis raug tsis kam lees hais tias lub ntiaj teb no tej zaum yuav ib yam dab tsi mystical thiab mysterious, tab sis tag nrho cov neeg Horoscopes uas peb pom txhua txhua hnub nyob rau hauv internet los yog nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine nyeem, tsim, es Barnum nyhuv tshaj ua tau tseeb. Qhov no siv rau feem ntau ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub sau xov xwm thiab nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. Ntaub ntawv uas muaj tej psychologists thiab cov kws kho mob ntawm sciences, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus manipulation

Lub Barnum nyhuv, muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab los yog tsis paub hais tias, txhua yam yog tseeb nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm, Forer, uas ua hauj lwm nyob hauv lub koom haum, ua rau lub hlwb kev kawm ntawv. Nws mus soj ntsuam nws nqi (li ib txwm yooj yim cov lus nug), thiab ces muab faib rau txhua liam ib tug neeg tshwm sim, thaum nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov me nyuam kawm ntawv tau txais tib cov lus teb. Tom qab nws hais kom xa ib lub tswv yim (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj 5 npas), uas yuav qhia li cas xeem muaj pov thawj muaj tseeb. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv muab tso rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 4 cov ntsiab lus, uas txhais tau tias lawv twb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus nrog qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lawv cov personalities. Qhov no xyaum ua tej yam kom meej meej qha tau li cas lub Barnum cov nyhuv hauv psychology. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kev xeem no qhia tau hais tias Forer muaj peev xwm mus hais tau tus me nyuam kawm ntawv hais tias nws yeej ua rau txhua tus neeg tshwm sim.

Phau ntawv nta rau me nyuam kawm ntawv

Phau ntawv yam ntxwv yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li no: "Koj yuav tsum muaj lwm tus neeg koj hlub. Koj yeej ib txwm zoo ntsuam xyuas lawv muaj peev xwm, thiab ib co ntawm lawv yog tsis siv tag nrho cov quab yuam. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias koj muaj tej yam weaknesses, koj yuav ruam lawv thiab tseem tau tau. Tab sis yog koj zoo heev kaj siab lug thiab disciplined, nyob rau hauv tus da dej, koj yog heev lam tau lam ua thiab pog. Heev feem ntau inclined mus rau ntseeg cov correctness ntawm cov kev txiav txim siab, tab sis dab tsi yog ua tau yog ua li cas. Koj zoo siab heev, uas ua rau tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab rau lawv tus kheej thiab tsis los ntawm sab nraud. " Qhov no text tuaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm tus neeg 80% ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab lawv yog, ntawm chav kawm, muab tso rau lub siab tau.

Yuav ua li cas cov neeg ntseeg

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, peb nco ntsoov hais tias cov neeg ntseeg hais tias tib neeg uas los tshwm rau lawv authoritative. Uas yog, cov menyuam kawm ntseeg Forero thiab, raws li, ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub xeem tau thiab tus yam ntxwv hais tias nws liam ua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug xib fwb ntxias tus me nyuam kawm ntawv uas txhua piav qhia tau kos mus txog ib lub zuj zus. Cov txheej txheem no yeej ib txwm nyiam cov neeg thiab ua rau lawv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub veracity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Barnum nyhuv, piv txwv uas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub feem ntau yuav tsum havzoov los ntawm kev nyeem cov horoscope. Ntau absurd zoo li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntshav hom thiab qhov muag nqaij daim tawv, tab sis, dua li no, cov neeg uas pom zoo nrog lawv thiab ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv, muaj ib tug yawm muaj ntau.

Nws yog ib tug tshaj plaws thaum ib tug neeg pom ib tug horoscope nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm los yog yam ntxwv: nws nkawd ntseeg thiab sau ntawv, tab sis ib txhia ua xyem xyav. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws tsis ua mob rau nws. Ntawm no yog lwm cov piv txwv: ib tug phooj ywg uas yog koj li qhia rau koj tias mus kawm lub secrets ntawm astrology thiab yog tam sim no npaj txhij mus ua ib tug tus kheej horoscope rau koj. Yog hais tias koj tsis yog ib tug ua kom tiav skeptic, koj yuav pom zoo, yam tsawg kawg rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xav, thiab, tau pom cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus txheej txheem nqe lus uas tau ntsib nyob rau hauv Forer xyaum ua tej yam ntaub ntawv uas yuav ntseeg tau hais tias nws yog muaj tseeb. Thiab yuav ua li cas yuav nws yuav tau li cas? Tom qab horoscope twb twv tau ib authoritative tus neeg thiab rau koj. Thiab ntawm no yog lwm sab mus rau npib: nyob rau hauv lub tus kheej horoscope yog tsim nyog los them cov nyiaj - muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub hauv av thiab muag lies.

tsuas zoo

Heev ntawm nthuav cov zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub Barnum nyhuv, yog ib tug zoo daim ntawv qhia. Qhov ntawd yog cov lus uas lub suab nyob rau hauv Horoscopes thiab txoj hau kev yuav yog feem ntau zoo. Lawv ntseeg hais tias feem ntau yooj yim. Cov tib neeg lub hlwb yog tsim los ntawd tias nws yog npaj txhij los mus txais nws tus kheej-kev thuam tsis yog ib txwm thiab tsis los ntawm tag nrho cov. Yog hais tias leej twg yog qhia txog ib co tsis zoo nta ntawm cov ua cim (uas yog ua tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib tug muab ib tug neeg), nws yog yuav nws yuav tsis lees nws. Lwm yam - tus yam ntxwv, flattering rau txhua leej txhua tus uas hnov lawv.

Barnum nyhuv: kev siv ntawm

Nws yuav zoo li hais tias qhov no cov nyhuv yog siv heev lug, tab sis nws tsis yog, los yog es, tsis raws nraim. Forer nyhuv - Barnum nyiam zoo muaj koob meej ntawm charlatans xwb vim hais tias cov neeg tsis paub ntau npaum li cas txog nws. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw ntawm lub neej nws yog ua tau kom tau raws li? Nws yog astrology, tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug lub npe, cov ntshav pab pawg neeg, tej yam yees siv cov kev pab cuam, numerology, tarot phaib, runes, kas fes thaj av, thiab lwm yam Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis txhais hais tias tag nrho cov magicians -. Quacks thiab tag nrho cov Horoscopes - lies. Nyob rau hauv txhua teb muaj ob masters ntawm lawv khoom siv tes ua, los yog cia li cov neeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov nyiaj tau los.

Dab tsi yog qhov phem tshaj uas yuav tshwm sim

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv lub horoscope uas koj nyeem txhua txhua hnub los ntawm e-mail, kiag li tsis muaj tsis muaj dab tsi txaus ntshai. Nws muab rau koj ib co kev cia siab, yuav pab tau npau suav, thiab nws yog heev inspiring. Tab sis muaj cov them cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm astrology thiab khawv koob. Ib txhia hmoov zoo tellers coj nyiaj, tab sis tsuas hais tias formulaic nqe lus, thiab koj tus kheej horoscope yuav kos rau lub hauv paus ntawm Barnum nyhuv thiab li raug nqi ib tug zoo nkauj penny. Tib yam siv, piv txwv li, palmistry. Ib tug neeg yuav saib cov kab ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj koj txhais tes, hais tias koj yog ib tug txawj ntse, kev vam meej, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua tus npau suav los muaj tseeb tiag, thiab thaum twg nws yog siv sij hawm nrog koj mus rau unlimited lub hnab nyiaj. Barnum cov nyhuv hauv psychology vim lub fact tias cov neeg uas zoo heev rau tej yam uas lawv them nyiaj rau. Muaj ntau sib ceg nyob rau hauv no txoj kev: "Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yog tsim nyog cov nyiaj, ces nws yeej yog muaj tseeb."

Puas yuav ua tau los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev dag?

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog ua tau, thiab muaj ib tug loj loj tus naj npawb ntawm txoj kev. Cov thawj thiab zoo tshaj plaws - mus ua ib tug skeptic. Yog vim li cas cia siab rau ib tug forecast ntawm neeg, yog hais tias nws yog tau los muab lawv tus kheej destiny? Muaj ntau skeptics ntseeg tias tsuas yog cov neeg lub luag hauj lwm rau dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws los yog yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej. Lawv tsis nrhiav kev excuses nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hli los yog ib tug tsis muaj zog kos npe rau ntawm lub zodiac, tseeb paub hais tias yog ua yuam kev, nws tsuas yog lawv txhaum thiab kho raws.

Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua yog yug skeptics. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb ntawm thiaj li muaj ntau yam romantics thiab dreamers. Cov neeg nyob thiab ntseeg tau hais tias lawv yog surrounded los ntawm txuj ci tseem ceeb. Lawv xav hais tias, paub txog lawv yav tom ntej, lawv yuav tsum tau kom tsis txhob yuam kev. Lawv npau suav kawm tag nrho hais txog lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov txheeb uas sawv daws thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob tag nrho cov phem cov txheej xwm. Tej kev teev dab ntxiv mus rau lub neej ntawm cov xim muaj hlau neeg thiab tej yam tshiab. Zoo, nws yog lawv xaiv. Tab sis rau cov dreamer tsis sawv mus rau lub kab nuv ntses charlatans yuav tsum paub ib co tseem ceeb heev yam.

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj tej kev cov nyom

1. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau tus neeg uas tswv yim rau koj, los yog hais rau koj yuav ua li cas nws hnav khaub ncaws, dab tsi yog qhov yam ntawm nws sib txuas lus. Feem ntau, ib tug ntau ntawm charlatans thiab sai sai hais. Lawv maj thiab heev lam ua.
2. Tsis txhob muab nws tus kheej tej ntaub ntawv. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus - yog lub npe thiab hnub yug, txhua tsav txhua yam muaj mus hais astrologer nws tus kheej. Yog hais tias nws tsis lub npe tej yam txheej xwm nyob rau hauv koj lub neej, thiab tuav ib ncig ntawm lub Bush, tsawg hackneyed, formulaic nqe lus, koj yuav tau nco ntsoov: koj tau txais mus rau lub fraudsters.
3. Ib tug zoo astrologer los yog txawj ua yees siv yuav tsum nco ntsoov qhia rau koj mus pib nrog dab tsi koj twb paub: koj muaj txij nkawm, tus naj npawb ntawm cov me nyuam, lub Scope ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, cov uas twb muaj lawm teeb meem uas thab koj. Yog hais tias nws qhia tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xwb nyob rau hauv generalities los yog Julita, nws yuav ua dag koj. Piv txwv li, lub astrologer nug: "Yog koj sib yuav?" Koj teb hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo, thiab nws hais tias: "Kuv pom hais tias qhov no yog yuav tshwm sim li" (tab sis yog koj thiab koj tus tub yuav poj niam-nws yeej tsis yog), koj paub, qhov no yog tsis zoo li mus foresight, es - Barnum nyhuv. Tom qab tag nrho, tej tib poj niam yuav xav kom muaj ib tsev neeg.
4. Sim mus thov qhov twv ua ntej mus rau lwm tus neeg. Yog hais tias yog dab tsi koj tau hnov lawm, koj yuav tau yooj yim qhia rau lwm leej lwm tus - koj twv yuav raug hu ua ib tug neeg ruam ntawm.
5. Zoo txais tos nyob rau hauv lub Barnum nyhuv yog xws nqe lus raws li "Koj yuav kawm tau ntawv zoo," "Yog hais tias koj mob, los yog muab tso rau hauv lub dag zog, koj tau txais yam koj xav tau." Tag nrho cov nqe lus yog generic thiab haum rau yuav luag txhua tus.

Qhov zoo sab ntawm lub npib

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov Barnum nyhuv yog feem ntau siv nrog ib tug siab phem txhob txwm ua, nws yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv los siv zoo. Peb tham txog ib tug teeb meem uas koj xav tau los pab txhawb cov neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm ntawd. Barnum nyhuv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub generalized nqe lus tej zaum yuav zoo heev tsa nws tus kheej-kheej rau leej twg.

Piv txwv li, koj tus hluas nkauj yog chim siab txog teeb meem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm: nais scolds nws, nws tsis tau mus koom pab neeg no. Sim los txhawb nws, piv txwv li, koj muaj peev xwm hais tias, "Cia kuv pom koj horoscope los yog hmoov zoo hais rau koj, los yog kuv mam li nug cov paub fortune-teller." Tom ntej no, ua ib tug phooj ywg rau koj cov lus teb hais txog nrog no text: "Lub lim tiam no, koj yog tag nrho ntawm lub zog, tag nrho cov kev uas koj yuav ua kom nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm, yuav yeej ib tug zoo tshwm sim. Koj yog ib tug heev ntse thiab ntse txiv neej, tab sis tsis txhob siv lawv cov peev xwm. By qhib koj tus kheej kiag li, koj yuav tsum tau paub lub wildest npau suav ... "thiab nyeem nws horoscope.

Tej puas siab puas ntsws manipulation yuav pab ib tug neeg rov cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej thiab nrhiav tau lawv lub peev xwm mus rau lub hom phiaj zoo. Barnum nyhuv yuav muab piv nrog cov placebo nyhuv. Lawv ua hauj lwm tib txoj kev: generic nqe lus uas haum rau ib tug neeg twg - nws yog ib yam dawb paug ntsiav tshuaj, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua tau txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, yog tias cov qauv no yog siv raws li ib qho kev pab, yog tsis muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog cov uas. Raws li tus poj generals: "ceeb toom - yog forearmed", thiab hais tias Barnum nyhuv tsis ua hauj lwm nrog cov neeg uas paub txog nws. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los tuav ib tug neeg uas muaj txaus paub txog no txoj kev ntawm manipulation.