Askold thiab dir - mysterious princes ntawm Kiev

Lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient Russia yuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg tsis paub thiab secrets. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg tsis paub - tus thawj princes ntawm Kiev, uas peb paub li Askold thiab dir. Leej twg lawv yog los ntawm cov keeb kwm, qhov twg lawv tuaj ntawm, uas muaj txhua lwm yam? Los sis tej zaum nws yog tag nrho cov ib tug neeg?

Sim kom to taub txog, qhia txog cov version, raws li zoo li ob peb txheej xwm kev xaiv uas tso cai rau historians, raws li nyob rau hauv heev tseeb.

Cov hauj lwm version

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias Askold thiab dir twb Ameslikas Vikings - Russ, raws li lawv tau hu ua. Lawv twb tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog qhov kev txiav txim thawj Rurik, tab sis yuav luag nws "nobles." Thaum Rurik zaum nyob rau hauv Novgorod, nws pib mus rau faib Lavxias teb sab nroog ntawm nws ze cov neeg. Yog li ntawd dir thiab Askold nws cia mus sab qab teb nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib tug haum qhov chaw rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib. Cov mus nram lub Dnieper down, pom lub glorious nroog ntawm Kiev, nyob qhov twg lub clearing nyob. Askold thiab dir tau txiav txim siab los nyob twj ywm muaj thiab tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej kav.

Lawv yog cov loyal rau cov neeg, kev cai thiab kev ntseeg. Tribute mus rau sab laug nyob rau tib theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li tej sab qaum teb warriors, lawv paub zoo tias cov tub rog affairs thiab tuaj nrog los ntawm ib tug zoo-armed pab pawg neeg. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg ntawm Kiev txiav txim siab tsis txhob ntxeev siab thiab ntsiag to txais lawv cov tshiab rulers.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 860-866 xyoo Askold thiab dir tau ua ib tug nquag tub rog phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau Constantinople. Yuav kom tiv thaiv koj lub nroog los ntawm militant Russes, lub reigning huab tais Michael III txiav txim siab los txiav tsov rog nrog rau cov koom pheej, thiab txawm ceev nrooj moog rov qab mus rau lub capital.

Kievan princes tuaj nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm Constantinople, ua ib impressive fleet ntawm ob puas ships. Lawv sai sai thiab ntse plundered lub suburbs thiab besieged lub nroog. Nyob rau lub capital ntawm cov Byzantine Empire ntsib ib tug tiag tiag kev hem thawj ntawm conquest. Ces huab tais Michael thiab Patriarch Photius pib thov Vajtswv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Christian ntiaj teb no. Mam li nco dheev lub hiav txwv sawv ib tug txaus ntshai cua daj cua dub, uas swept thiab rhuav tshem cov warlike ships Russes. Constantinople tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev pab.

Askold thiab dir raug yuam kom xaus ib thaj yeeb treaty nrog Byzantium thiab txiav txim siab ua kevcai raus dej rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv.

Nyob rau hauv 879, nws tuag nyob rau hauv Novgorod None Rurik, tawm hauv tus txais cuab tam me tub Igor thiab nws tus neeg saib xyuas - nws nkauj muam nraug nus, uas yog lub npe hu ua yaj saub Oleg. Nws txiav txim siab los coj lub hwj chim, tsis tsuas tshaj lub sab qaum teb, tab sis kuj rau yav qab teb thaj av, li ntawd, sau los ntawm lub Slavs thiab Vikings impressive pab tub rog thiab marched ntawm sab qab teb. Nws mloog, thiab lub ancient Smolensk Ljubech. Tsis ntev Oleg tuaj thiab Kiev.

Nws yog zoo paub hais tias lub Kievan princes muaj ib tug muaj zog tub cheev xwm, thiab yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus muab lub hwj chim. Yog li ntawd Prophetic Oleg txiav txim siab los ua cunning. Nws sab laug lub ntsiab nws pab tub rog nyob rau hauv ib tug tos kev tua, thiab nws tau tso nws tus kheej tawm raws li ib tug thaj yeeb ua lag luam thiab caw Askold thiab dir rau lawv luam haum xeeb. Cov yam xyuam xim mus rau ib tug lub rooj sib tham, tab sis lawv ib puag ncig ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm ib tug tub rog tub cheev xwm. Raws li cov "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo", Oleg mus kom tau ntes tau princes thiab them lawv tias lawv yuav tsis zoo-paub zoo thiab deception kav cov neeg. Tom qab ntawd nws taw mus rau lub me ntsis Igor thiab hais tias: "Qhov ntawd tub vaj ntxwv, Rurik tus tub!"

Askold thiab dir raug tua tam sim ntawd. Pov toj nrog cov seem ntawm Askold tseem sawv nyob rau hauv ntxhab txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Dnieper, thiab lub ashes dir ntev so nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Irene.

Yog li ntawd Oleg pib kav rau nyob rau hauv Kiev rau sawv cev ntawm Igor. Nws yog nws leej twg tshaj tawm Kiev niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub zos, lub chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av. Nyob rau hauv 882, cov thawj lub sij hawm lub sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb thaj av tau koom nyob rau hauv ib tug thawj.

Qhov no yog tus nom version ntawm cov txheej xwm. Tab sis historians xav ntau yam txog cov kev xaiv raws li ib tug sib piv ntawm cov ntau yam keeb kwm thiab legends.

xaiv keeb kwm

Piv txwv li, yog tsis sib haum txog lub keeb kwm ntawm Askold thiab dir. Ib txhia historians ntseeg tau hais tias Askold yog ib tug Slav thiab ib tug tib neeg xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm dir. Lwm tus, txawm li cas los, tsuas muaj nqi Deere Slavic keeb kwm thiab ib tug subordinate luag hauj lwm, thiab Askold ntseeg qhua thiab Voivod.

Ancient Byzantine qhov chaw nyob rau hauv piav txog cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes Rousseau 866 xyoo yog feem ntau xa mus rau tsuas yog ib tub vaj ntxwv, yog li ntawd nws tau hais tias Askold thiab dir - ib tug thiab cov tib neeg, cov Vikings Askold nicknamed dir. Txhais los ntawm lub qub Norse lus Deere meant "The Beast", uas yuav ua tau ib tug lub npe menyuam yaus, title.

Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, confidently kho lawv raws li nyias cov neeg, nws yog heev zajlus kom muaj kev pov plob hais tias Askold thiab dir kav ntawm txawv sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo artificially ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug co-rulers. Chronicler yuav muab lawv txawj li ob tsaub rulers. Historians ceeb fact hais tias ob tug thawj uas raug tua nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, raws li cov vaj lug kub, raug muab faus rau hauv xws li nyob deb qhov chaw los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Ib tug ioachim chronicle hais tias Oleg tua tsuas yog ib None - Askold thiab dir, qhov twg lub npe yog tsis hais.

Yog hais tias peb los sib piv ntau keeb kwm qhov chaw, nws yuav kuj cuab uas Deere yog thawj kav Kiev thiab nyob rau hauv lub pib thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub 9 xyoo pua, thiab Askold los ua nws successor thiab knyazhestvoval nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 9 xyoo pua.

Raws li peb tau pom, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Kievan Princes ntau qhia, uas yog securely muab zais los ntawm peb cov keeb kwm ntev. peb unravel lawv muaj ib hnub twg?