Artistic kev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem: hom thiab cov piv txwv

Raws li koj paub, lo lus yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam lus, raws li zoo raws li lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws feem ntawm nws artistic txhais tau tias. Kom siv cov lus lom zem ntau thiab txiav txim seb lub expressiveness ntawm kev hais lus.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm cov lo lus - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntiaj teb no, ib daim iav tus neeg sau txoj xaav thiab kev sib raug zoo rau kev muaj tiag. Cov kev sau ntawv phau ntawv nws muaj nws metaphorical, cov neeg, lawv muab tshwj xeeb qhov tseeb-hu ua artistic kev tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb nyob lus nta.

Cov xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb yog reflected nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm metaphorical nqe lus. Tom qab tag nrho, kos duab - yog feem ntau ib tug self-qhia ntawm tus neeg. Literary ntaub yog woven los ntawm metaphors, tsim tsis thiab ua hauj lwm rau tus cwj pwm txawv duab ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Nyob rau hauv cov lus muaj ntxiv qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb stylistic coloring, tsim ib tug zoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas peb nrhiav tau los ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv nyeem.

Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, colloquial hais lus peb siv tsis tau xav, ntau hom kev kawm ntawm artistic qhia, muab nws ib co xav, txawj haub, imagery. Cia peb kawm saib ua li cas artistic pab kiag li lawm yog nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws yuav pab tau tsim kev paub qhia lo siv metaphors, thiaj li cia tus pib nrog lawv.

ua piv txwv qhia

Artistic kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tsis tau yuav xav tsis hais lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - ib tug ua piv txwv qhia. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev los mus tsim ib hom lus daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm twb uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.

Hom ntawm metaphors yog cov nram qab no:

1. Petrified, hnav, qhuav los yog keeb kwm (nyo hau ntawm lub nkoj, ib rab koob).
2. Nruas - resistant zoo li tus ua ke ntawm lus uas muaj siab ntsws xav, metaphors, reproducibility nyob rau hauv qhov puas ntawm ntau hais lus, expressivity (tuag SNAP qhia kaw lub vajvoog, thiab lwm yam ...).
3. Ib tug tib ua piv txwv qhia (xws li, tsis muaj tsev nyob lub plawv).
4. Unfolded (lub plawv - "tswb iav Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ib tug daj" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. Tsoos paj huam (thaum sawv ntxov ntawm lub neej, hluav taws kub ntawm kev hlub).
6. Ib tus zuj zus-sau (hump pavement).

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ua piv txwv qhia yuav ua tau ib txhij allegory lub embodiment, ib tug hyperbola, paraphrase, meiosis, litotes thiab lwm yam paths.

Lo lus "ua piv txwv qhia" yog txhais los ntawm Greek lo lus "hloov". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog cov kev hloov ntawm cov npe los ntawm ib tug raug mus rau lwm lub. Hais tias nws yog ua tau, lawv yuav tsum tau yuav ib co zoo sib xws, lawv yuav tsum ua dog dig yam. Cov ua piv txwv qhia yog ib lo lus los yog kab lus no yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab vim hais tias ntawm kev zoo sib thooj ntawm ob phenomena los yog tej yam khoom nyob ib co thaj av.

Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li hloov mus rau lwm lub tsim duab. Yog li ntawd, qhov ua piv txwv - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev qhia ntawm artistic, poetic hais lus. Txawm li cas los, hla ntawm no pathway tsis tau txhais hais tias qhov uas tsis muaj kev qhia txog lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Ua piv txwv qhia yuav ua tau raws li tej yam yooj yim los yog txhab. Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua revived siv ntawm deployed nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, thiab qhov xwm ntawm tej yam yooj yim hloov ho.

metonymy

Metonymy - nws yog ib tug ntawm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm metaphors. Cov Greek lo lus txhais tau hais tias "rename" piv txwv li, ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub npe ntawm ib yam twj paj nruas uas sib txawv. Metonymy yog hloov ib co lwm yam lus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov uas twb adjacency ntawm ob lub tswv yim, tej khoom, thiab li ntawm. D. Qhov no overlap rau qhov ncaj nqi ntawm cov laptop. Piv txwv li: "Kuv noj ob lub tais." Nws tseem ceeb thiab lawv hloov tau vim hais tias cov khoom yog nyob ib sab, lub adjacency tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

synecdoche

Synecdoche - ib yam ntawm cov metonymy. Txhais los ntawm cov Greek lo lus "correlation." Qhov no hloov lwm lub tsev tus nqi tuas thaum twg, es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug loj hu ua tsawg heev, los yog vice versa; es tsis txhob ntawm ib feem - tag nrho, thiab vice versa. Piv txwv li: "Raws li Moscow."

epithet

Artistic kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas peb muaj tam sim no sawv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam tsis muaj tus epithet. Qhov no daim duab, txoj kab, kev txhais ntawm cov lus los yog lo lus rau ib tug neeg, ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ib tug kwv los yog txiav txim rau lub subjective txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau.

Nyob rau hauv Greek, lub sij hawm txhais tau tias "rau daim ntawv thov, daim ntawv thov", uas yog, nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv, ib lo lus xwb rau lwm tus.

Lub epithet ntawm ib tug yooj yim txhais tias yog distinguished los ntawm nws cov duab.

Qhov epithets siv nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm typing, raws li zoo raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev artistic qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov nruj kev txiav txim zoo ntawm lub sij hawm mus rau lub lem mus rau tsuas xws li ntawm lawv, uas muaj cov kev ua ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative, raws li txwv mus rau thiaj li hu ua pes tsawg epithets uas yog qhia los ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv lub literal siab (liab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zoo nkauj paj). Lawv zoo li tus uas siv cov lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab. Tej epithets yog hu ua metaphorically. Metonymic lub npe kuj yuav lub hauv paus rau qhov no txoj kev.

Oxymoron - ib yam ntawm cov epithet, qhov thiaj li hu ua contrasting epithets, txoj kev ua ib ke nrog lub noun opposite lawv nyob rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus (ntxub kev hlub, kev xyiv fab tu siab).

kev sib piv

Piv - paths nyob rau hauv uas ib tug kwv yog yus los ntawm ib tug kev sib piv nrog rau lwm yam. Uas yog ib tug sib piv ntawm cov ntau yam khoom ntawm kev zoo sib thooj uas yog ob qho tib si cuab thiab npaj txhij txog, nyob deb. Feem ntau nws yog qhia los ntawm tej lo lus: "xwb," "zoo li," "looks" "zoo li." kev sib piv tej zaum yuav tau siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov instrumental cov ntaub ntawv.

impersonation

Piav txog lub artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog tsim nyog los hais thiab impersonation. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov ua piv txwv qhia, sawv cev rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nyob quavntsej khoom ntawm tswg xwm. Feem ntau nws yog tsim los ntawm xa mus rau zoo xws li cov tshwm sim ntawm qhov raws li meej pem beings. Personification yog tseem kis mus rau lub thaj chaw ntawm tib neeg cov tsiaj.

Hyperbole thiab litotes

Nco ntsoov cov hom kev kawm ntawm artistic qhia nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem raws li hyperbola thiab litotes.

Hyperbole (nyob rau hauv txhais lus - "exaggeration") - ib qho ntawm cov txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia ntawm kev hais lus, yog ib daim duab nrog ib tug nqi ntawm exaggeration ntawm dab tsi yog ceg txheem ntseeg.

Litotes (nyob rau hauv txhais lus - "yooj yim") - hyperbole rov qab - ntau dhau understatement ntawm dab tsi twb yuav mus nyob rau (Tom ntiv tes xoo, ib tug neeg pluag nrog ib tug tes).

Sarcasm, irony thiab kev lom zem

Tseem piav qhia txog artistic txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Peb Nkij los txuam rau peb daim ntawv teev cov sarcasm, irony thiab kev lom zem.

• Sarcasm yog txhais los ntawm Greek lo lus "ditch cov nqaij." Nws yog ironic, sarcastic sneer snide hais. Yog hais tias koj siv sarcasm tsim ib phau ntawv dab neeg ua hauj lwm, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj obviously ib ideological thiab kev xav kev ntsuam xyuas.
• Niaj hnub nim yog txhais li "ib tug sham", "ridicule". Nws tshwm sim thaum uas cov lus hais tias ib tug tshaj plaws thiab meant ib yam dab tsi txawv heev, cov lus rov.
• Lom zem - ib qho ntawm lub lexical txhais tau tias ntawm kev hais lus, txhais tau tias "mus ob peb vas", "luv". Nyob rau hauv lub comic, allegorical tseem ceeb tej zaum yuav tau sau ntawv tej zaum tag nrho tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib tug tus nplaig-nyob rau hauv-natured relation to ib yam dab tsi. Piv txwv li, zaj dab neeg "Chameleon" A. P. Chehova, thiab ntau fables I. A. Krylova.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem tsis xaus muaj. Cuag koj cov xim lub nram qab no.

grotesque

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem xws li thiab grotesque. Lo lus "grotesque" txhais tau tias "intricate", "bizarre". Qhov no artistic cov txheej txheem yuav muab ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub proportions ntawm qhov tshwm sim, tej khoom, tej xwm txheej, portrayed nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab, piv txwv li, Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Golovlevs", "Keeb kwm ntawm ib tug lub zos", ib tug fairy taleas). Qhov no artistic cov txheej txheem raws li ib tug exaggeration. Txawm li cas los, raws li ntawm nws ntau npaum li cas tshaj tau hais tias ntawm hyperbole.

Sarcasm, irony, kev lom zem thiab lub grotesque - nrov artistic txoj kev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv ntawm cov thawj peb - cov dab neeg A. P. Chehova thiab N. N. Gogolya. J. grotesque creativity. Swift (xws li, "Gulliver lub tsev").

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho tswv yim zoo cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm tus sau (Saltykov-Shchedrin) los tsim ib tug tshiab "Golovlevs" daim duab ntawm Yudas? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus grotesque. Irony thiab sarcasm yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam ntawm Mayakovsky. Lom zem puv khoom Zoschenko, Shukshina, Prutkov. Cov artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, piv txwv uas peb nyuam qhuav hais, raws li koj tau pom, nws yog heev feem ntau siv los ntawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv.

pun

Pun - daim duab ntawm kev hais lus, uas yog txhob txwm los yog tsis tuaj yeem ambiguities sawv thaum siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj lub ntsiab los yog kev zoo sib thooj ntawm lawv lub suab. Nws hom - paronomasia, cuav etymologization, zeugma thiab specification.

Lub puns pun raws li homonyms thiab ambiguities. Ntawm no, muaj cov lus tso dag. Cov artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yuav pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozmy Prutkova, A. P. Chehova.

Ib tug daim duab ntawm kev hais lus - yog dab tsi?

Lo lus "daim duab" los ntawm lub Latin txhais tau tias "zoo li, zoo lawm, cov duab. Lo lus no muaj ntau yam ntsiab. Yuav ua li cas yog hais txog rau lub sij hawm raws li tau thov mus rau lub kos duab ntawm kev hais lus? Syntactic txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia, xa mus rau cov nuj nqis: rhetorical exclamations, cov lus nug, kev kho mob.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug "txoj kev"?

"Yuav ua li cas koj hu rau ib tug artistic cov txheej txheem uas siv cov lo lus nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative siab?" - Koj nug. Lub sij hawm "txoj kab" ua ke ntau hom kev kawm: tus epithet, piv txwv qhia, metonymy, simile, synecdoche, litotes, hyperbole, personification, thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus ntawm cov lo lus "txoj kev" txhais tau tias "tig." Los ntawm zoo tib yam hais lus kos duab txawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav siv ib tug tshwj xeeb momentum tias adorn nws, ua rau nws paub qhia tej lo. ntau txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm yeej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm "kev paub qhia lo" hais lus rau ib daim duab - lub peev xwm los ntawv, ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm art rau muab aesthetic thiab kev xav tej yam rau tus nyeem ntawv, los tsim poetic dluab thiab tiag tiag li dluab.

Peb txhua tus nyob rau hauv ib lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov suab. Ib txhia ntawm lawv ua rau peb zoo cwj pwm txawv, thaum lwm tus neeg kev txhawj xeeb, alarming, alarming, los yog evoke twj ywm pw tsaug zog. Suab sib txawv tsim txawv dluab. Los ntawm txoj kev thaum lawv tseem muaj peev xwm yuav xav muaj feem xyuam rau tib neeg. Nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab lus dab neeg, peb tau perceive lawv suab tshwj xeeb mob.

Cov yooj yim hom kev kawm ntawm kev tsim ib lub suab qhia

• Alliteration - ib tug repetition ntawm zoo sib xws los zoo tib yam consonants.
• Assonance - txhob txwm rov qab ua dua ntawm cim kev sib raug zoo.

Feem ntau, alliteration thiab assonance siv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Cov hom kev kawm no yog npaj rau evoke txawv koom haum ua teb nyob rau hauv tus nyeem ntawv.

Nkag zvukopisi hauv cov ntawv tseeb

Zvukopis - yog ib tug artistic cov txheej txheem yog siv ntawm tej suab nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim los mus tsim ib yam duab, uas yog, cov kev xaiv ntawm cov lo lus uas ntsi xws li real-lub ntiaj teb no lub suab. Txais ntawm no nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem uas siv nyob rau hauv paj huam thiab nyob rau hauv prose.

Zvukopisi ntau ntau yam:

1. Assonance - txhais los ntawm Fabkis txhais tau tias "kev sib raug zoo". Assonance yog ib tug repetition ntawm tib yam los yog zoo cim suab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem los mus tsim ib tug tej yam acoustic duab. Nws yeej txhawb cov kev qhia ntawm kev hais lus, nws yog siv los ntawm paj huam nyob rau hauv atherosclerosis, suab xaus sib dhos kwv huam.
2. Alliteration - los ntawm Greek lo lus "tsab ntawv". Cov txheej txheem no yog lub repetition ntawm consonants nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawv nyeem los tsim ib lub suab duab, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau nws paub qhia tej lo poetic.
3. Onomatopoeia - cov kev hloov ntawm tej lo lus, lub suab reminiscent ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, hnov impressions.

Cov artistic hom kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub verses yog heev, tsis muaj poetic hais lus yuav tsis yog li ntawd melodious.