Artist Bakst Lev Samoylovich: biography, creativity

Bakst Lev - Belarusian-yug Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig, uas nyob tau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm lub npe hu ua ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab artist, ua yeeb yam duab artist, designer. Nws ua hauj lwm anticipates lub ntau tiam sis ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau hauv lub arts, nws combines nta ntawm impressionism, modernism thiab symbolism. Bakst - ib qho ntawm feem stylish thiab sophisticated Lavxias teb sab ntxias tig ntawm lub xyoo pua, uas muaj ib tug muaj zog tej yam tsis tsuas yog nyob rau domestic, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai.

Tsev Neeg thiab Cov Menyuam Yaus

Bakst Lev Samoylovich yug nyob rau hauv 1866 nyob rau hauv ib tug orthodox Jewish tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub Belarusian nroog ntawm Grodno. Cov tsev neeg yog loj, nrog yawg suab cwj pwm. Leej Txiv yog ib tug Talmudic kawm, thiab twb koom nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm, nyiaj tau los yog tsis siab, ces tus tub feem ntau mus xyuas nws yawm txiv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws yog nplua nuj txaus, nws yog fashionable txiag, hlub cov khoom kim heev thiab lub siab lub neej, coj cov Parisian txoj kev ntawm lub neej, uas yog heev fond ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv. Nws yog ib tug zoo ua yeeb yam-goer thiab instilled no mob siab Leo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm nws yawg me nyuam tub yuav siv sij hawm lub npe ntawm Bakst, txo nws ib tug me ntsis, es tsis txhob ntawm nws tiag tiag - Rosenberg, uas ciali mus nws tsis poetic. Txawm li ib tug me nyuam, lub neej yav tom ntej artist hlub mus ua si scenes nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov viv ncaus ntawm nws tus kheej, tus tub hluas yog cov tsiaj qus lub tswv yim thiab cuab inclination rau painting.

Txoj hauj lwm thiab kev kawm

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12, nws yeej sib txeeb ib tug rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws portrait ntawm Zhukovsky nyob rau hauv lub chav xyaum tes taw. Bakst Lev xav kawm painting, tab sis nws tus txiv tsis paub tias xws li ib tug hauv paus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub neej, xws li yog nqus, thiab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tus tub yuav tsum tau indulge nyob rau hauv nws hobby nyiag, thaum hmo ntuj. Raws li ib tug zaum kawg sib cav, leej txiv txiav txim siab mus nug tswv yim los ntawm lub sculptor Mark Antokolsky, nws yav tom ntej cov neeg pleev kob paintings raug xa mus rau Paris. Thiab thaum lub teb tau txais hais tias cov ua hauj lwm yog kom meej meej pom mus rau tus neeg sau txoj txuj ci, nws txiv muab.

Nyob rau hauv 1883, tus tub hluas uas tau txais ib tug volunteer nyob rau ntawm lub lub St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Leon Bakst, uas nws biography yog tam sim no mus ib txhis txuam nrog kos duab, nws kawm nyob rau hauv xws xib fwb raws li Chistyakov, Asknaziya, Wenig, tsom tau zoo nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoos. Txawm li cas los, poob rau hauv lub contest Academy rau cov nyiaj puav pheej, tus tub hluas yoojyim tsev kawm ntawv. Nws ua hauj lwm tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov neeg koom vim lub fact tias tag nrho cov cim nyob rau hauv daim duab nyob biblical ntxhais twb Jewish sijhawm. Qhov no artist yuav tsis sawv nws. Txawj ntawm kev kawm kos duab, tau txais nyob rau lub academy, yuav pab tau kom nws nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Qhov kev tshawb rau txoj kev nyob rau hauv kos duab

Tawm hauv tsev kawm, Bakst Lev yuam kom nrhiav nyiaj khwv tau los, nws tus txiv tuag lawm thiab nws yuav tsum tau pab cov tsev neeg, uas yog tsuas yog muaj yawg. Nws pab uas thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb nws pib kev sib txuas lus, publishing qhov twg nws pib ua tawm pheej yig phau ntawv. Pleasures ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nws tsis xa, tab sis cov nyiaj coj. Nyob rau hauv 1890 nws yog mus ze zog mus rau Benoit cov kwv tij, lawv qhia Bakst nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog ntawm hnyav tswv yim cov hluas. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub hwj, cov artist yog xav nyob rau hauv watercolor. Nws yog qhov no vajvoog, uas ces tig mus rau ib tug artistic lub koom haum "World of Art", tsim kev xav Bakst thiab nws cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv painting. Nyob rau hauv 1891 Leo rau thawj lub sij hawm mus txawv teb chaws, nws cov kwv tij mus teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Belgium thiab Fabkis, saib lub tsev ceev teej tug. Los ntawm 1893 mus 1896 nws kawm nyob rau hauv lub studio ntawm Fabkis ntxias nyob rau hauv Paris. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Leo ua lub thawj lub npe hu ua ib tug zoo watercolorist.

Bakst-portrait

Artist Leon Bakst twb lossi yuam kom nqa tawm kev txiav txim uas tsis haum nws siab. So thiab embodied lawv cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv nws Portraits, uas yog maj mam ua nrov. Lawv qhia ib tug kom zoo zoo yam ntawm cov artist, nws paub ntawm cov neeg pleev thiab muaj peev xwm mus txeem mus rau hauv lub psychology ntawm cov ua cim. Muaj pib painting portraits nyob rau hauv 1896, nws puav tig mus rau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem thoob plaws lub neej. Ntawm nws cov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm hu ua portraits ntawm Alexander Benois, Levitan, mature tej hauj lwm ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, Portraits Z. Gippius, I. Rubinstein, Sergei Diaghilev nrog nws tus nais maum, Jean Cocteau, W. Taub soob. Feem ntau ntawm cov tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov artist ua drawings nws saib nws attracted tus mloog ntawm saib portraits ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab cov acquaintances.

Neeg pleev kob rau Bakst

Leon Bakst, uas nws paintings yog tawm ntau yam, ib tug ntau ntawm xyaum nrog painting cov txheej txheem. Nws yuav sau nrog tuab strokes, thiab yuav tsim ib tug complex web nrog lub glaze. Nws yog ib tug me ntsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm toj roob hauv pes, tab sis uas twb muaj lawm tej hauj lwm qhia ib qho impressionistic lub zeem muag ntawm cov artist. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm "nyob ze Zoo," "Txiv Grove", "cov paj noob hlis nyob rau hauv lub hnub" muaj lub teeb thiab huab cua ntawm qhov, kis tau optimistic outlook ntawm tus sau. Leon Bakst, lub exhibition yog tam sim no tau sau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, kuv tsis xav tias ib tug kev cog qoob loo nyob rau hauv cov neeg pleev. Nws yog yooj yim heev rau muab nyob rau hauv mus rau sab nraum cawv thiab tsis tsim ib tug ntshiab, nws tus kheej yam kev sau ntawv. Tab sis lub undoubted masterpieces yog nws ua hauj lwm "Noj hmo", "Cafe", "ancient ntshai heev."

Bakst thiab ua yeeb yam

Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv tej txuj ci Bakst Lev Samoylovich qhia nyob rau hauv theatrical tej hauj lwm. Nws yog heev fond ntawm no kos duab rau daim ntawv. Leon Bakst, uas nws exhibition ntawm theatrical scenery thiab costumes yog tsis nrog los ntawm cov ntawv ceeb toom, ib tug ntau thiab nrog poj Library ua hauj lwm rau lub tsev ua yeeb Sergei Diaghilev. Nws brilliantly thim tus neeg dhia tes "Scheherazade", "Cleopatra", "Narcissus," "Tus Firebird." Bakst yog ib tug tiag tiag co-sau ntawm tsom iav, organically embodying lub tswv yim ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub scenery, teeb pom kev zoo, costumes. Txij li thaum xyoo 1910, cov artist nyob rau hauv Paris thiab ua hauj lwm nrog ua yeeb yam Sergei Diaghilev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog nws Bakst ua ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv scenography thiab ua yeeb yam tsim.

ntau haiv neeg txuj ci

Bakst Lev tsis tau tsuas yog txawv nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv painting thiab teem tsim, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug designer. Nws feem ntau tuaj nrog costumes, thiab tsis yog rau cov theem. Nws yog nws leej twg tuaj nrog lub logo, zoo li niaj hnub no xav hais tias, ib tug logo rau lub magazine "World of Art". Nws tsim lub sab hauv tsim rau elegant poj niam 'boudoirs, mus rau qhov chaw Diaghilev. Bakst kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm kev txhais Vajluskub. Ua hauj lwm rau theatrical costumes, Leo sab nws txuj ci stylist, nws txawm nta hlo sketches ntawm poj niam 'dresses thiab los ua ib tug tiag tiag trendsetter nyob rau hauv niaj hnub style. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug zoo xib fwb. Elizabeth Zvantsev caw nyob rau hauv 1900 Bakst nyob rau hauv nws kos duab lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws sim pab cov tub ntxhais txuj ci mus nrhiav nws tus kheej style ntawm painting. Nws yog nws leej twg xub pom cov txuj ci nyob rau hauv nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv - Marc Chagall.

Tej lub neej

Leon Bakst, uas nws paintings enjoyed heev npaum li cas txoj kev vam meej thiab coj nws zoo koob meej, yog heev unlucky nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub neej. Nws thawj thawj txoj kev hlub rau tus Fabkis actress Marcel Josse yog zoo siab heev. Nws twb tsuas los ntawm cov artist tus ncaim ntawm Paris. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nws ntog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus ntxhais ntawm P. Tretyakov, uas los ntawm ces yog ib tug poj ntsuam uas muaj ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nws caj npab. Bakst yuav siv sij hawm Lutheranism mus yuav nws tus hlub. Cov kev sib yuav yog ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm, txawm hais tias nws twb yug los rau hauv lub tub ntawm lub artist - Andrew. Qhov ob peb siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm sib nrug heev thiab nws thiaj li sib nrauj nyob rau hauv 1910. Tab sis nws txuas ntxiv mus yuav cov phooj ywg nrog nws ex-tus poj niam thiab stepdaughter, nyob rau hauv 1921 lawv twb nyob rau ntawm nws caw tau tawm hauv lub Soviet Union thiab khom nyob rau hauv Paris.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej Bakst ua hauj lwm nyuaj heev nyob rau hauv Paris, America, England, undermined nws noj qab haus huv, thiab lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1924, nws tau tuag lawm mam li nco dheev.