Amazing semiconductor ntaus ntawv - ib tug qhov diode

Thaum kawm mechanism ntawm tiav ib AC ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm ob tug sib txawv npuas - lub semiconductor thiab cov hlau, nws tau raug hypothesized hais tias nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua tunneling xwb muaj. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm (1932) rau cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm semiconductor technology yog tsis tau tso cai kom paub meej tias cov conjecture empirically. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1958, ib tug Japanese paub txog Esaki muaj peev xwm kom paub meej tias nws brilliantly, tsim tus thawj qhov diode nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Tsaug rau nws cov amazing zoo (xws li, ceev), cov khoom no muaj attracted tus mloog ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam technical fields. Nws yog ib nqi los mus piav qhia hais tias cov diode - ib tug siv hluav taws xob, uas yog ib lub koom haum ntawm ib lub cev ntawm ob tug sib txawv ntaub ntawv muaj ntau hom kev conductivity. Yog li ntawd, hluav taws xob tam sim no muaj peev xwm ntws los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv ib tug coj xwb. Hloov cov polarity tau nyob rau hauv "kaw" ntawm lub diode thiab ua rau kom nws cov kuj. Ua lub voltage ua rau ib tug "neej puas".

Xav txog yuav ua li cas lub qhov diode. Classic rectifier semiconductor ntaus ntawv siv ib tug siv lead ua muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm impurities tsis ntau tshaj li 10 rau 17 degree (degree -3 centimeter). Thiab vim qhov no parameter yog ncaj qha txog cov xov tooj ntawm free xwb muaj, nws hloov tawm hais tias lub yav dhau los yuav tsis muaj ntau tshaj li qhov teev ib thaj tsam.

Muaj yog ib tug qauv uas tso cai rau los mus txiav txim lub thickness ntawm lub intermediate tsam (kev hloov pn):

L = ((E * (Uk-U)) / (2 * Pi * q)) * ((Na + Nd) / (Na * Nd)) * 1050000,

qhov twg naj thiab Nd - tus naj npawb ntawm ionized hloov thiab acceptors, feem; Pi - 3,1416; q - tus nqi ntawm lub electron xwb; U - thov voltage; Uk - sib txawv nyob rau hauv potentials ntawm txoj kev hloov; E - tus nqi ntawm lub dielectric qhov.

Ib tug rau txim ntawm lub mis yog qhov tseeb hais tias rau ib tug classical pn hloov diode yam ntxwv uas tsis muaj teb muaj zog thiab ib tug kuj loj thickness. Hais tias electrons yuav tau ib tug dawb cheeb tsam, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv zog (imparted los ntawm sab nraum).

Qhov diodes yog siv nyob rau hauv lawv siv xws hom semiconductors, uas hloov lub impurity cov ntsiab lus mus rau 10 mus rau 20 degree (degree -3 centimeters), uas yog ib qho kev txiav txim txawv los ntawm lub classical sawv daws yuav. Qhov no ua rau ib tug ua txoj txo nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm cov kev hloov, cov ntse nce ntawm lub teb siv nyob rau hauv lub pn cheeb tsam thiab, thiaj li, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev hloov thaum nkag mus kawm rau electron mus rau lub valence band tsis tau ntxiv zog. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias lub zog theem ntawm tus hais tsis hloov nrog rau cov zaj barrier. Lub qhov diode yog yooj yim distinguished los ntawm lub cev ntawm nws cov volt-ampere yam ntxwv. Cov nyhuv no tsim ib yam ntawm cov surge rau nws - tsis zoo differential kuj. Vim li no cov tunneling diodes yog lug siv nyob rau hauv high-zaus pab kiag li lawm (thickness yuav txo tau pn kis ua xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv ib tug high-ceev), yog xab khoom, generators, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, computers.

Txawm tias tam sim no thaum lub qhov nyhuv yog tau ntws nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qhia, los ntawm ncaj qha kev txuas lub diode nro nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov tsam nce, txo tus naj npawb ntawm electrons muaj peev xwm ntawm tunneling zaj. voltage nce ua rau yus lub teb disappearance ntawm lub tunneling tam sim no thiab cov nyhuv yog tsuas yog nyob rau tib yam diffuse (raws li nyob rau hauv lub classic diode).

Muaj kuj yog lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm xws li - rov qab diode. Nws nruab nrab yog cov tib qhov diode, tab sis, nrog kho zog. Qhov txawv yog hais tias lub conductivity nqi ntawm qhov rov qab kev twb kev txuas, nyob rau hauv uas lub li ib txwm muab daws kom tiav ntaus ntawv "xauv", nws yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv ncaj qha. Qhov seem zog sib haum mus rau lub qhov diode: kev ua tau zoo, tsis tshua muaj self-suab nrov, muaj peev xwm ua kom ncaj lub nce mus nce los Cheebtsam.