Alkali - qhov no los luj los yog tsis? Yuav ua li cas yog nws cov khoom?

Yuav ua li cas acid los yog ntsev ntawd, feem ntau cov zoo paub. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav ib tug neeg uas yog tsis tuav ib lub raj mis ntawm vinegar los yog siv nyob rau hauv lub neej zaub mov, tsis muaj uas zoo yam zaub mov nkawd tshiab thiab tasteless. Tab sis li cas lye? Qhov no yog tib yam li rau lub hauv paus, los yog tsis? Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws sib txawv ntawm cov acid? Tej lo lus nug yuav paus leej twg, thiab yog li ntawd cia peb tus kheej mus ua tshiab cov kev txawj ntse uas ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Alkali - dab tsi yog qhov no?

Yuav pib nrog, cov hlau compound nrog dej nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj hu ua hydroxides. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw ntawm no hom, tus ammonium, alkali los yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau, yog lub npe hu ua ib tug alkali. Nyob rau hauv lem, lub hauv paus - yog lub ntsha, uas muaj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus hydroxide ions (OH ^-), tsis muaj lwm yam anions. Yog li, peb yuav hais tias cov alkali - yog tej soluble puag. Yuav kom tsim xws li ib tug hlau hydroxide yuav pab pawg Ia thiab IIa (cov neeg uas tuaj tom qab calcium). Piv txwv li tebchaw tej zaum yuav sodium lye (NaOH mis), sodium bariat (kav ywm (OH) _2), poov tshuaj hydroxide (Koh), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), etc. Lawv sawv cev rau ib tug khoom dawb yeeb tshuaj, uas yog yus los siab hygroscopicity.

zog alkalis

Xaus nyob rau hauv dej ntawm tej tebchaw yog nrog los ntawm loj tshav kub tiam. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg Ia alkali muaj zog - ib tug cesium hydroxide thiab ib pab pawg neeg IIa - radium hydroxide. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm no hom ntawm tsis muaj zog sib txuas yuav pab ammonia thiab slaked txiv qaub. Caustic alkalis yog soluble nyob rau hauv ethanol thiab methanol. Nyob rau hauv lub khoom hauv lub xeev tag nrho cov tshuaj nqus dej los ntawm cov huab cua thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab maj mam hloov mus rau hauv carbonates. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov khoom teejtug uas lub alkali yog hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog lub acid ntsev tsim - qhov no feature yog heev feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam. Los ntawm cov kev sib txuas yuav kis tau hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab yog li ntawd lawv yog feem ntau siv raws li electrolytes. Npaj siv cov electrolysis ntawm alkali chlorides los yog los ntawm reacting oxides ntawm alkali hlau nrog dej. Cov kev lag luam feem ntau siv lub thawj txoj kev thiab lub thib ob yog siv feem ntau yuav tsim slaked txiv qaub. Nyob rau hauv ib tug alkaline ib puag ncig, nws yaj rog, thiab cov cuab yeej no yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua xab npum. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm bases muaj peev xwm ua kom puas nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj ntaub so ntswg, thab plaub ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua kom puas khaub ncaws. Alkalies yuav hnov mob uas muaj tej yam co (e.g. txhuas), thiab muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv steel los ntawm corrosion. Lawv yog cov resistant rau thaum tshav kub kub - sodium hydroxide yuav melted thiab coj rau ib tug boil, tab sis nws yuav tsis decompose. Cov no yog cov sib txawv heev los ntawm cov alkali insoluble bases, ib co kev uas (piv txwv li, nyiaj hydroxide) decomposes txawm nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Raws li zoo raws li acids, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau zoo kho mob thiab siab xav tau nyob rau hauv lub observance ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov kev pom zoo. Qhov muag tiv thaiv thaum ua hauj lwm nrog lye feem ntau coj tsom iav. Khaws lawv yog tso cai nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb hlab ntsha - haus txog ntsha uas yuav tsis haum.