Alexander Alyabyev: nyuag Phau ntawv sau, cov duab Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha

Qhov tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab romance, ib tug zoo kawg nkaus composer Alexander Alyabyev nrhiav suab paj nruas pushkinianu, Lavxias teb sab instrumental chamber music, yog ib tug harbinger ntawm ntau lawm yav tom ntej tau ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu suab tej hauj lwm, uas mus hnub no yog cov feem ntau nkawv thiab nquag ua txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg vajvoog ntawm moods yuav. Piv txwv li, "Tus Nightingale," "Lub caij ntuj no Txoj kev", "yav tsaus ntuj Neeb" thiab ntau, ntau lwm tus neeg.

biography

Aleksandra Alyabeva los ntawm thaum yau accustomed mus rau cov suab paj nruag. Muaj pov thawj hais tias nws coj kev ntaus piano los ntawm tus naas ej D. teb. Xijpeem, thawj nws ua hauj lwm nws mob siab rau nws, thiab nws yog tus Piano "Grand Polonaise" - Russia tus thawj tiag tiag hais kwv txhiaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Alexander Alyabyev yug nyob rau hauv Tobolsk, nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsev neeg, uas tau muab nws lub sij hawm tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo. Nws tiv thaiv nrog Napoleon pab dawb detachment nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov kws sau paj lug Denis Davydov, twb tiag raug mob thiab muab medals rau kev ua siab loj thiab ua siab tawv qhawv. Thiab tom qab tsov rog Aleksandr Alyabev, composer, mob siab nws tus kheej nkaus rau suab paj nruag.

Cov neeg pej xeem nrog nyob chav tsev yog heev nyiam thiab tsis tu ncua ua excerpts los ntawm nws ua yeeb yam, suab paj nruas comedies, thiab feem ntau hu zaj nkauj. Embellished biography Aleksandra Alyabeva neeg zoo: nws yog ib tug phooj ywg zoo heev rau Griboyedov, Shakhovskoi, Decembrists Bestuzhev Mukhanov. Nws qhia thiab sib tham npaj rau concerts Verstovsky thiab cov kwv tij Vilegorskimi. Kuv nyob rau hauv Moscow - theatrical lub neej. Txawm lub "Triumph ntawm lub Muses" nyob rau hauv lub qhib ntawm lub Bolshoi Theatre twb sau ua ke nrog Alyabiev Verstovsky thiab Scholz.

Muaj tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim

Nyob lub teb chaws, nws tau ua paub rau cov suab paj nruag muaj li Alexander Alyabyev. Photo tsis tau nyob ua ib ke, tab sis lub portraits ntawm nws sau ntawv lub npe hu nyob rau hauv cov hnub ntxias - composer yog nto moo. Nws zaj nkauj thiab hu nkauj nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab Moscow, thiab nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyob deb lub zos. Thaum lub Bolshoi Theatre yog nws opera "Zos philosopher", "Moonlight", lub neeg dhia tes "Cov khawv koob Nruas".

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1825, nws tua nws tus khub nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kev ua si. Mam li nco dheev. Thiab Alyabyev puas tau raug ntes. Tua neeg xwb twb tsis tau muaj pov thawj. Cuaj kaum, tus composer yog deprived ntawm tag nrho cov ibyam, kev txiav txim thiab nom tswv cajceg. Thiab xa rov qab mus rau Tobolsk. Nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nyob deb Siberian txias nroog, qhov twg nws ib zaug siv nws zoo siab thaum yau. Nyob rau hauv lub portrait hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias ib tug ntawm cov composer thiab lyricist ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws romances Alyabiev - Nikolai Ogarev.

Tobolsk thiab lub Caucasus

Alexander Alyabyev li chim siab los ntawm no tsis ncaj ncees accusation tias tsuas yog cov suab paj nruag yuav kom nws los ntawm lub xeem kauj ruam. Ntawm no lawv muaj zoo orchestra txhim tsa, nws ua raws li ib tug pianist, hosts ntau concerts. Thiab sau music, yog heev txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los ib tug, cloudless. Muaj tshwm sim nws zoo tshaj plaws zaj nkauj: "Lub caij ntuj no Txoj kev", "Irtysh", "Ob tug uab lag". Tab sis tshee shock dab: biography Alyabeva Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha raws li ib tug txiv neej ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, taug kev mus rau hauv tej lub tsev, tau ua tiav lawm. Composer mob tiag.

Xya xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hauv 1832, nws tau tso cai rau tawm Siberia thiab lub Caucasus mus rau kev kho mob. Muaj sau nws romances, luam tawm ib phau ntawv hu ua "Caucasian singer". Ntev ua ntej lub ntsiab collector ntawm lus dab neeg M. I. Glinki yog Alyabev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich sau zaj nkauj Caucasians, Kirghiz, Bashkirs, thiab harmonizes lawv dab siv nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. Koom ua ke nrog Maksimovich nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Cov suab lus nws ntawm Ukrainian zaj nkauj" uas yog li ntawd fond ntawm N. V. Gogolyu. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub portrait - tus tswv alarm, nyob qhov twg ntau tej hauj lwm Alyabiev ua rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, ib tug phooj ywg ntawm lub composer, tus naas ej Alexander Griboyedov.

rov qab

"Farewell" Alyabiev heev maj: nyob rau hauv 1835 tau tso cai ua neej nyob nrog cov neeg txheeb ze nyob rau hauv lub suburbs nrog ib tug ua tiav txiav npluav ntawm mus xyuas lub capitals nyob rau hauv 1843 tau tso cai nyob rau hauv Moscow, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tub ceev xwm soj ntsuam. Qhov no txhais tau tias: tsis pom cov neeg tuaj saib, yog tej nuj nqis ib tug neeg sab nrauv los yog hauv cov rooj concerts los yog cov ua yeeb yam. Thiab yog li ntawd ua tiav nws lub neej thiab hauj lwm, xws soulful zaj nkauj nrog ciav civil cov ntsiab lus raws li "tug neeg thov khawv", "Zos tu", "Alarm". Thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kuv yuav tsum hais tias, demanded los ntawm cov pej xeem kom deb li deb, tiam sis yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws tej hauj lwm pib rau kev kawm siv lub sij hawm.

Tsis yog ib tus thawj sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab romances tau tsis coj xws li ib tug high school cov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab music raws li Alyabev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. Luv luv biography thiab cov impressive ntau yam ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm nws nyuaj lub neej. Nws tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov suab paj nruas lwm yam, tab sis nws chaw ntawm kev txaus siab tau suab lyrics. Ntau tshaj 180 zaj nkauj thiab ballads muaj li ntawm Alexander Alyabyev. Composer uas nws biography yog raws li yog hais qhov no tsis koom nrog rau ib qho nyuaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hellish puas siab puas ntsws kev txom nyem. Thiab nws tau sau zaj nkauj, nws tseem yog ib tug hit, xws li cov "Nightingale" rau cov kwv huam Delvig los yog "neeg thov khawv" rau Beranger paj huam. Alexander Pushkin, xwm li nyob rau hauv lub portrait hauv qab no, yog tus sau los ntawm ntau tshaj nees nkaum kwv huam zoo tshaj plaws nkauj Alyabiev.

creation

Romances Alexander Alyabyev sau rau hauv nqe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws paj huam ntawm nws nyiam commander Davydov, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Kozlov, Koltsov, Lermontov. Nees nkaum-ob zaj nkauj sau nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub Aleksandra Pushkina, thiab kaum tsib ntawm lawv - txawm tus kws sau paj lug lub neej. Qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej ntau tshaj lwm yam kev tshoov siab kwv huam Ogarev.

Kuv sau Alyabyev thiab ib tug ntau ntawm symphonic suab paj nruag thiab chamber thiab instrumental: Symphony nyob rau hauv E me no zoo heev, puas ntsoog los Overture nyob rau hauv F hnub nyoog, ob peb kev hais kwv txhiaj overtures, ntau concerts rau ntau yam solo seev thiab orchestra, dance suites. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, muaj ntau yam chamber lossis Alyabiev kawm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab conservatories, raws li zoo raws li lub suab nyob rau hauv ib tug hais kwv txhiaj kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub portrait hauv qab no depicts lub feem ntau nthuav lub sij hawm Alyabiev - Decembrist Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly, sau ntawm tus tshiab nyob rau hauv uas tus opera music Alyabiev raug teem, thiab zaj nkauj rau cov kwv huam Bestuzhev-Marly, nws kuj sau tau.

Tsev ua yeeb yam, dab neeg, cov nkauj dawb ceev

Legacy Alyabiev Theatre - ib tug ua qauv qhia ntawm yawm suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paub thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lwm yam: Nws yog tus opera, thiab tus neeg dhia tes, thiab ntau tshaj nees nkaum suab paj nruas comedies, uas yog tsis ntau sib txawv ntawm cov ua yeeb yam, muaj ib tug cantata, thiab suab paj nruag rau cov ua ntawm ua yeeb yam theaters, thiab nrog lawv - thiab comedy thiab qee, thiab ua yeeb yam. Los ntawm Moscow premiere ntawm Pushkin lub "Mermaid" rau Shakespeare tus "Lub Tempest" thiab "Zoo siab heev pojniam ntawm Windsor" kuj music sau los ntawm composer Alyabyev.

Txheej txheem, orchestrated, tso ua ke thiab luam tawm ib tug txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj nyob rau hauv compilations - Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian, Tatar, Central Esxias, Caucasian. Ntau tshaj ib puas tej hauj lwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig rau cov ntsiab lus los ntawm nws cwj mem, ntawm lawv - lub npe nrov liturgy.

cuab yeej cuab tam hmoo

Raws li nws feem ntau tsis tshwm sim nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nyuab uas tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus koom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv, los yog leej twg pom lawv tus kheej modestly creators "netlenki" Alyabiev cuab yeej cuab tam yog lom zem ntau fwm. Ntawm 450 tej hauj lwm (qhov no yog ib tug ballpark daim duab), feem ntau - yog tseem nyob rau hauv sau, uas tshaj yav dhau los ib nrab xyoo pua, dashing tsuas poob. Muaj ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm tau luam tawm, tab sis, cas tsis ncaj ncees tsis nco qab lawm. Thiab cov suab paj nruag tau zoo heev thiab nws yuav ua kom lawv tus kheej thiab composer posthumous koob meej, thiab tau ua tib hits, xws li "Lub Nightingale" rau Delvig paj huam.

Raws li ntau raws li tsib caug xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus composer thiab nws ua hauj lwm, thiab nws biography tsis tau undergone tej loj kev ntxub ntxaug. Tab sis ob qho tag nrho yog li ntawd, ntau yam kev seevcev! Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus thiab xws li kev kawm nuances yog tsis tau rov qab los ntawm cov hmoov av ntawm lub sij hawm! Kom txog rau thaum 1825 lub npe ntawm tus sau Alyabiev yuav luag tsis mus deb, tab sis tom qab - tsuas yog tsis tshua muaj, cia ib tug saib xyuas ntawm cov nkauj. Distorts nws biography, muaj erroneous los sis tsis tiav cov ntaub ntawv, yog li cov xeeb ntxwv yuav luag poob ib lub npe zoo thiab kuj zoo kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer thiab suab paj nruas daim duab.

Persistence thiab tej ntsiab cai

Txawm unbearable cuav accusations tsis ua txhaum lub ntsuj plig ntawm lub creator. Tom qab tag nrho, tib txoj kev xav rau txoj kev ywj pheej, kev nyob ib leeg siab xav, txoj kev khuv leej thiab kev txom nyem, longing rau kev ncaj ncees, uas yog, tib lub txheej dluab yam ntxwv ntawm creativity, peb yuav soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm nws ntev.

Alexander Alyabyev composer li feemxyuam raws li lawv muaj tsis zoo siab, kuv tau txais ib co kev nplij siab los ntawm ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog tus poj niam ua ntej, ib tug uas coj qhws nrov npe hluas nkauj Rimsky-Korsakov. Ces ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nkauj alyabevskoy Pushkiniana twb sau - "Kuv hlub koj." Qhov no poj niam, Nej Ofrosimova thaum poj ntsuam, los ua tus poj niam ntawm tus composer.

Nikolay Ogarov Bestuzhev-Marly

Alyabyev composer thiab kws sau paj lug Ogarev los ua heev ze nyob rau hauv lub forties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Alyabiev zoo tshaj plaws nkauj - "Alarm", "Tavern", "Zos khwb" - twb tsim kwv huam Ogarev. Ntev ua ntej lub advent ntawm searching thiab Dargomyzhsky Mussorgsky secular romances abound ntsiab ntawm kev tsis sib xws. Cov kws sau paj lug nrog lub composer muaj ntau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv ntau: lub ntes thiab exile, yam tsawg kawg. Txawm tias Alyabyev tau nyiaj dhau los tag nrho cov no tsis ncaj ncees thiab raws li hais tias los ntawm kev huam yuaj, thiab Ogarev yog ib tug staunch innovator thiab konstitutsionistom, rau cov uas nws twb raug foob los ntawm tus kev cai lij choj. Ogarev thiab Herzen, "tswb", England - txhua leej txhua tus paub thiab nco.

Qhov kawg peb opera Alyabiev kuj suab uas raug nros mus ob peb vas, nws yog Shakespeare "Lub Tempest" thiab "Edwin Oscar" nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm ancient legends koltskih. Tab sis nws tsim nyog ib tug tshwj xeeb lo lus opera "Ammalat Bey" nyob rau hauv lub dab neeg los ntawm Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly thiab romance rau nws tus kheej cov kwv huam "nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus vam huab." Nws raug tua nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus nyob rau hauv 1837-m, thiab qhov no tsis yog ze li ntawm ntaus Alyabiev: nws twb tua peb ntawm nws nyiam paj huam. Thiab tsis tau - Alexander Pushkin, Griboyedov, Bestuzhev-Marly. Decembrist nros ntsuj plig tsis tau waned nyob rau hauv lub composer tej hauj lwm.

Rov qab nco

Pib tua ntawm cov yav tas los obscure tej hauj lwm ntawm Aleksandra Alyabeva muaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1947. Ces tus hais kwv txhiaj tau raug tsa nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Philharmonic, uas featured ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo ntawm tiav oblivion "Variations rau Nkauj laus ncas thiab Orchestra", "Peb txoj hlua Quartet" thiab ob tug orchestral overtures. Cov kev vam meej yog zoo kawg li! Promotion ntawm chamber music composer koom nyob rau hauv xws zoo musicians li Gilels, Oistrakh, thiab pawg - muaj npe Sveshnikov Pawg Hu Nkauj, State Beethoven Quartet.

Txij li thaum 1949, lub luam tawm tej hauj lwm yeej tsis tau luam tawm Alyabiev, incidentally qhia qhov muag tsis pom me ntsis nyob rau hauv nws biography. Qhov kev nkag siab ntawm tus poj luag hauj lwm nws ua si nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov suab paj nruas kos duab. Cov feem nthuav tshaj plaws yog hais tias nyob rau hauv sib txawv archives tseem mus nrhiav tau nws tsis paub hais tias tej hauj lwm. Raws li cov lus txuas ntxiv nws ntev thiab geography ntawm lawv uas nws kim heev, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim thiab ntau discoveries ntawm xws li ib tug lub tswv yim.