Alexander Afanasyev thiab nws tej hauj lwm

Yuav ua li cas phau ntawv nyeem yuav luag los ntawm cov zaj duab xis? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov dab neeg. Qhov no yog tus thawj heev dab neeg, uas qhia cov niam txiv kom lawv cov me nyuam. Ntawm no, peb extract lub zaj lus qhia thib: zoo yog tus muaj zog tshaj kev phem, nws yeej ib txwm yeej. Thiab txawm hais tias txoj kev tej zaum kuj nelogok, tab sis koj muab tsis tau li, thiab ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej thiab lawv lub dag lub zog. Cov neeg txawj ntse, zoo fairy taleas - yog ib tug lossis loj lub ntiaj teb no, uas yuav qhib tus me nyuam los ntawm tus thawj hnub ntawm lub neej.

Nws yog kawm los xav hais tias, paub qhov zoo ntawm qhov phem, mus ntsuam xyuas cov kev ua ntawm fairy taleas cim. Tales ntawm npaj tus me nyuam rau cov neeg laus lub neej, yog qhia yuav ua li cas coj nyob rau hauv no loj heev ntiaj teb no. Thaum nws los txog rau lub fairy taleas, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis nco qab lub kuj zoo kawg "dab neeg teller" - Alexander Nikolayevich Afanasyev, vim hais tias peb yuav tsis muaj nws thiab tsis paub tias tej yam "Turnip" los yog "qaib Ryaba" los yog "Bun".

hauj lwm

Afanasev Aleksandr Nikolaevich (1826-1871) tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub Voronezh cheeb tsam, hauv lub nroog ntawm Boguchar. Leej Txiv tau txais kev pab raws li solicitor thiab yog li ntawd sim muab lawv cov me nyuam kawm ntawv zoo. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school Voronezh Afanasiev xa mus rau Moscow, qhov uas nws nkag mus hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo, nws qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nkag mus hauv cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub archive.

Tej zaum nws yog ib lub xyoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub archive tau lub feem ntau fruitful nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim kev hwm. Muaj nws tau ntsib nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov keeb kwm muaj nqis, tab sis tsis cuag mus rau lub feem ntau. Afanasiev luam tawm phau ntawv magazine "Lub bibliographic sau ntawv," thiab pom lub teeb ntaub ntawv nrog rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus naas ej Lavxias teb sab xav, sau ntawv thiab paj huam. Alexander Afanasyev sau ntau heev, ua raws li ib tug soj ntsuam thiab sau xov xwm. Ib tug ntawm ob peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov xyoo:

• "N. Novikov. "
• "Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv luam."
• "Satire Cantemir".
• "Lub txawj polemics ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo."

Ib yam dab tsi uas yuav tsis tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv Russia, twb xa txawv teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv London nyob rau hauv lub anthology "Ncov qaumteb qabteb Star", yog ib lub publishers ntawm uas yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab revolutionary A. I. Gertsen. Nyob rau hauv 1862, Afanasyeva tso los ntawm cov kev pab cuam, them nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov London propagandists. Alexander Afanasyev tsis muaj tas mus li ua hauj lwm yog ib tug ob peb xyoos, thiab nyob rau hauv 1865 nws nkag mus hauv lub Duma Assistant Secretary, tsiv mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm secretary ob xyoo tom qab. Great txawj sau ntawv tuag nyob rau hauv hnub nyoog 45 xyoos ntawm tuberculosis.

keeb kwm kev ua si

Ib tug zoo tus hlub ntawm antiquity, Afanasiev txog txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm Russia, yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov laus handwritten phau ntawv. Nws yus tus kheej li heev heev tej hauj lwm mob siab rau mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm Russia, nws luam tawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Kawm" ( "State ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv Peter lub Great", "Pskov Judicial Charter" thiab lwm tus neeg.). Nws sau xyuas ntawm cov keeb kwm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov "Society of History thiab Antiquities" nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Yog "cov Society of Neeg nyiam heev ntawm Literature", txog archives, hais lus thiab luam tawm cov khoom hais txog cov creation ntawm tej lo lus tshiab ntawm cov neeg. Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab phiv tej yam kev mob rau nws Afanasiev lawm thiab luam tawm ib tug loj ua hauj lwm ntawm nws lub neej - "poetic views ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus Slavs."

txawj ua ub no

Txij li thaum 1850, Alexander Afanasiev yog hloov kiag rau kev tshawb fawb txog rau dab neeg, mythology thiab ethnography ntawm cov neeg. Nws kev tshawb fawb yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tus nqi. Nws muab peb lub nyob deb yav dhau los, lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno lus. Nws ua rau tus sab masses ntawm qub kev lis kev cai, kev ntseeg, dab neeg thiab metaphors ntawm Slavic ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv, ntau tshaj 60 cov khoom, xws li:

• "Yawg lub tsev" txoj kev tshawb rau mythology.
• "Sage thiab dab."
• "Zoomorphic deities ntawm lub Slavs."
• "Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus nrog pej xeem superstitions."
• "Pagan sawv rau cov kob ntawm Buyan".
• "Lavxias teb sab satirical cov phau ntawv Magazine 1769-1774 gg.".

Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales

Nyob rau hauv tej yam txaus siab Afanasyev sau tales Lavxias teb sab kawm thiab ethnographer Pypin A. N. Nyob rau hauv ib tug saib xyuas ntawm tus thawj tsab ntawm fairy tales, nws sau hais tias cov kev sib piv fairytale motifs Afanasiev thiab zoo heev daim ntawv lo. Cuaj kaum, nws tam sim ntawd denounced nws rau dab tsi tus sau yog sim muab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws txheej xwm ntawm lub mythical piav. Chernyshevsky NG kuj qhia no tawm, tab sis ntxiv hais tias peb muaj peev xwm tsis pom zoo nrog rau cov lus qhia Afanasyev.

Heev heev critics ntawm Alexander Afanasyev hais tias lub mythology - tib yam science, thiab tsuas yog koj yuav rov tsim tau ib tug ua tiav daim duab ntawm lub hnub qub thaum lub slightest nthuav dav kawm. Nws sib cav hais tias lub legends, lus dab neeg, mythology yog inseparable los ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws. Muaj ntau legends yog sov ua licas kev cob cog rua nrog lub tshwm sim ntawm qhov, uas tsis muaj kev tshab txhais txog, uas ib zaug dua qhia nws mythical kev txiav txim zoo. Misunderstanding critics scientific nqi ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv mythology tau tej Afanasyev mob.

Tus thawj sau los ntawm fairy tales

Afanasyev tsab ntawm fairy tales nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob - ib yam ntawm cov feat. Nws sau tau ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub editor ntawm "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" thiab thov kom hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tsab ntawm pej xeem tales. Nws piav txog cov piv txwv ntawm cov kwv tij Grimm, uas yog ib tug tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim nyog txaus siab. Tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal thiab tsis tau nyob li volume, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm muaj Afanasiev, deb tshaj lub peevxwm ntawm lub magazine.

Nyob rau hauv 1952, lub Lavxias teb sab thaj Society xa Afanasyev sau los ntawm tales, uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws archives. By lub sij hawm ntawm lub pov tseg ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv nws tau hais txog kev 1000 fairy tales xa mus rau nws Dalem V. I. Ob ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ceev faj tuav, raws li sau los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, thiab txawv cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv zoo, thiab style. Nyob rau hauv 1855 nws luam tawm thawj tsab ntawm "Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales."

Tawm tales Aleksandra Afanaseva ob peb pes. Ib tug tag nrho ntawm yim teeb meem twb muaj ntau tshaj 600 yam khoom. Nws tau xaiv los luam tawm cov feem ntau nthuav cov me nyuam fairy tales. Nws yog ces hais tias cov txawj nyeem ntawv thawj tau ntsib nrog Koshcheev thiab Baba Yaga, kawm txog lub Firebird thiab Kolobok hnov txog cov me me Palace thiab Mary Morevna. Qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sij hawm sau ntawm fairy tales nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

kev faib ntawm fairy tales

Thaum ntxiv kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas Afanasiev xav tawm thiab cais nws. Nws faib cov tales nyob rau hauv lub sib cais: lub epic dab neeg, mythological, tsiaj nyaum dab neeg, dab neeg ntawm witches thiab corpses, tsev neeg tales thiab humorous. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab nws tuag, ob peb yooj yim zog kev faib: cov tsiaj tales, welfare thiab magically-fi. Tab sis nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tsim lub Alexander Afanasyev.

Phau ntawv yuav tsis ua rau dissatisfaction ntawm cov txiv plig thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Censorship xav inhibit qhov kev ua si ntawm Afanasiev. Meanwhile nyob rau hauv Geneva tau tso tawm ib tug sau ntawm "treasured Tales" hnav antichurch thiab antibarsky cim. Publishing collections Afanasyeva - ib tug zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug thiab scientific lub neej ntawm Russia. Tom qab nws tso tawm, ntau tseem ceeb critics thiab txawj critics ntawm lub sij hawm tau nrog xyuas.

Txwv tsis pub noj tales Afanasyev

Sib nrug los ntawm cov me nyuam fairy tales, Afanasyev belongs rau ib tug sau ntawm tales rau cov neeg laus, tso tawm nyob rau hauv Geneva. "Lavxias teb sab pej xeem tales tsis rau ntawv" Tus sau "Tales, legends thiab lus piv txwv" twb tseem txwv nyob rau hauv Russia thiab luam tawm txawv teb chaws. Tus tub ceev xwm tau pom nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem kev xav. Nws muaj xws li cov ntawv ntawm greed, stupidity, dab ntxwg nyoog, mythical monsters thiab cov ntsujplig phem. Heev tseem ceeb nyob rau cov nqe lus ntawm sab ntsuj plig cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ib tug sau ntawm cov neeg.

Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub xyoo ntawm censorship kev tsim txom ntau collections tawm nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe. Piv txwv li, fairy tales nrog erotic cov ntsiab lus luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub title: "Npala-as. Xyoo obscurantism. " Phau ntawv no tau raug txwv rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv Russia, nws tuaj rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv 1997. Ib tug nto moo collector ntawm lus dab neeg belongs rau ntau phau ntawv uas luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no.

Yog li ntawd, lawv yog feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm peb contemporaries, uas sau rau hauv phau ntawv "tus kab mob zoo". Alexander Afanasyev - kawm sau sau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem militants. Tab sis nws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev uas txuam nrog tales ntawm tus poj namesake, uas muaj nplooj siab nws lub neej mus rau sau lus dab neeg. Tag nrho cov phau ntawm Afanaseva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha yog hais txog ob txhiab tales. Nws nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai raws li cov thawj publisher ntawm ib tug sau ntawm pej xeem tales.