Adipic acid. Properties thiab cov kev siv

Adipic acid (muaj dua ib lub npe rau cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw - 1,4-butandikarbonovaya acid, lub systematic lub npe - geksandiovaya acid) - yog limiting dicarboxylic acid. Nws muaj cov nram qab tshuaj mis: HOOC (CH2) 4SOON thiab tag nrho cov mis mos C6O4H10. Nws muaj ib yam tshuaj uas muaj zog raws li cov carboxylic acid. Ntsev cov ntaub ntawv, muaj ntau yam uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv dej (H2O). Esterified nyob rau hauv lub di- thiab mono. Nrog glycols geksandiovaya acid ntaub ntawv polyesters.

Thaj chaw ntawm adipic acid

1. hniav puas loj yog 146,1 gram / mol.

2. Ceev ntawm 1.36 grams / tus nas.

3. limited solubility nyob rau hauv ethanol, diethyl cawv thiab acetone.

4. solubility nyob rau hauv dej (H2O) yog raws li nram no: ntawm 15 degrees - 1,44 g ib 100 g ntawm dej; 40 degrees - 5,12 g; ntawm 70 degrees - 34,1 g

Thermal zog geksadiovoy acid

1. Lub melting point yog 153 ° C.

2. Cov decomposition kub yog 210 - 240 ° C.

3. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes (ntawm 100 lub hli Hg) yog 265 ° C.

4. decarboxylation kub yog 300-320 ° C.

5. Lub enthalpy ntawm combustion yog -2800 kJ / mol.

6. melting enthalpy ntawm 16,7 kJ / mol.

7. evaporation enthalpy yog 18,7 kJ / mol.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau adipic acid?

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam no substance twb npaj yeej tseem zoo los ntawm ob tug-step oxidation ntawm cyclohexane. Ua ntej, ib tug sib tov ntawm cyclohexanol thiab cyclohexanone, uas yog ces sib cais los ntawm distillation. Tom qab cyclohexanone yog siv los tsim caprolactam, thiab cyclohexanol oxidized 40-60% zog HNO3 (nitric acid). Nrog rau qhov no txoj kev, adipic acid tawm los yog hais txog cuaj caum-tsib feem pua.

Ib tug ntawm cov pheej txoj kev rau qhov kev npaj ntawm adipic acid yog hydrocarbonylation butadiene.

Yuav ua li cas lwm txoj kev ua kom tau carboxylic acids, xws li adipic? Nws muaj peev xwm muab tau kuj los ntawm oxidizing cyclohexane nrog nitric acid (HNO3) nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm + 100-200 ° C, dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntawm +50 ° C los yog ozone (O3).

Adipic acid yog tseem npaj los ntawm carbonylation ntawm THF (tetrahydrofuran) raws li adipic acid anhydride, uas yog ces los muab lub hom phiaj tshuaj tiv tauj.

Kev siv cov adipic acid:

- lub tshuaj yog ib tug raw khoom (siv txog cuaj caum feem pua ntawm cov acid ua) nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm polyhexamethyleneadipamide, thiab kuj polyurethanes thiab nws cov esters;

- siv raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive (E 355 sau npe nyob rau hauv xov tooj) los muab cov khoom ntawm qaub saj (xws li zus tau tej cov dej qab zib);

- Adipic acid yog ib qho loj tivthaiv ntawm cov txhais tau tias npaj rau descaling;

- yog siv los tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem tom qab sau lub pob qij txha ntawm cov vuas ua los ntawm ceramics;

- kev siv cov carboxylic acids xws li adipic acid, tseem ceeb heev rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom cua intermediates.

Nyob rau hauv txhua tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siv sij hawm adipic acid?

1. Qhov no compound raws li qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj ntau yam co, lawv hydroxides thiab yooj yim oxides yields cov coj ntsev.

2. Nws yuav tshem weaker acid los ntawm nws cov ntsev.

3. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib acidic catalyst adipic acid reacts nrog alcohols. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no esters.

4. Thaum cua kub ammonium ntsev ntawm adipic acid amides raug tsim.

5. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm SOCl2 adipic acid yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov coj acid chloride.

Esters ntawm Adipic acid  

1. Metiladipinat siv rau electrochemical synthesis dimethylsebacate.

2. Dialliladipinat hardener yog polyester cob.

3. Etiladipinat yog siv raws li ib tug additive nyob rau hauv leaded roj av rau kom nws octane tooj.

4. diethyl adipate yog siv raws li ib tug plasticizer nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom noj films, nkawm khau, PVC, hluavtaws tawv, cov khoom ua si, linoleum, tshem tawm ceilings.

5. diisopropyl adipate yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm tshuaj pleev ib ce rau daim tawv nqaij.