Abrasive khoom: tus yam ntxwv, daim ntawv thov

Noob neej tau paub txog ntxhib no los txhuam rau ntau millennia. Cov neeg siv pob zeb thiab xuab zeb rau shape thiab hov riam, hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab arrowheads thiab fishhooks. Tus thawj yog ib tug abrasive sandstone, nyob rau hauv uas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub active ingredient ua si me me quav nplej ntawm quartz. Kom txog rau thaum lub foundations ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov zauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog abrasive hlau coj mus rau lub tseem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov tib neeg, raws li cov neeg ces tsuas tsis muaj lwm txoj kev uas yuav ua rau cov cuab yeej rau ob leeg ua haujlwm thiab riam phom.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws los ntawm ib tug lub cev taw tes ntawm view,

Feem ntau ntxhib no los txhuam yog heev nyuaj minerals, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub qaum ntug ntawm lub Mohs scale ntawm hardness - los ntawm quartz rau cov pob zeb diamond. Tab sis txawm mos ntaub ntawv yuav ua tau qhov no muaj nuj nqi. Sponges, ci dej qab zib thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo qho to yuav nrog zoo yog vim li cas hu rau ntxhib no los txhuam. Nrog lawv peb ntsib nyob rau txhua hnub, thiab lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog zoo kawg thiab.

Nyob rau hauv ib co dab, lawv yuav siv tau?

Abrasive khoom yog feem ntau hu ua thiaj tsis vim hais tias ntawm nws lub cev muaj zog, thiab vim qhov ntawm qhov kev siv. Muaj ntau ntau cov chav kawm ntawm tej dab. Nyob rau hauv kev Sandblasting tshuab lub siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav siv tau, uas nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob yog tsis qhia muaj abrasive zog. Qhov no cov khoom siv ib tug haib cua kwj los yog dej, nyob rau hauv uas mus rau ntawm cov kev kub ceev me me ntawm ib co tebchaw. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ib tug Mesh abrasive, plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lim-chopper.

Sandblasting machines yog siv rau cov polishing thiab zaum kawg finishing ntawm qhov chaw thiab tiav lawm cov khoom. Qhov no tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm zoo yam abrasive cov ntaub ntawv uas los ntawm lub plhaub ntawm neeg thiab noob ntawm horticultural qoob loo, zoo li ntawm mollusks thiab lwm yam organic teeb meem mus rau lub me tshaj daim hlau, slag, iav los yog ci dej qab zib.

ntsiab Cheebtsam

Silica xuab zeb yog lub nrov tshaj plaws rau abrasive blasting choj thiab lwm yam steel lug. Yog li muaj ib tug zoo heev kho mob tawm tsam tus kab xeb, uas ho pab txoj kev lub durability ntawm engineering lug. Qhov no txoj kev yuav tsum tau ib tug kub ceev ntxhib no los txhuam. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, kev kho mob ntawm cov hlau lug yuav siv cov compressed cua. Nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug particle tsuj roj thiab muaj tsis muaj ntxiv corrosive los.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws yuav siv tau, thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv kev thaum tu qhob lug. Zoo tag nrho cov lug ua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub chaw ntug hiav sawb, tseg yuav tsum tau. Qhov tseeb hais tias lawv nto tsub kom nrog lub sij hawm ib tug tuab txheej ntawm ntsev thiab lwm yam corrosive tebchaw. Cov dej tshiab, uas yav tas los twb ntxiv rau qhov tsim nyog khoom (abrasive) tsis tau tsuas yog tshem tawm lawv nrog ua vaj tse, tab sis kuj ua "desalting". Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov kev txiav txim ho tsub kom lub neej ntawm vaj tse cov kev pab cuam.

Polishing tiav lawm cov khoom

Polishing - uas yog txoj kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv uas ntxhib no los txhuam thov yog tsis tshua muaj sab. Raws li ib tug dav dav txoj cai, coj mus rau kev zoo tag nrho lawm cov khoom los yog ib co yam siv tshwj xeeb muab tshuaj txhuam los yog mos log, thiab cov compound raws li ntawm cov khoom cua resins. Nws xav txawm tias ib tug yooj yim abrasive ntaub nqus dej. Cerium oxide, pob zeb diamond, silica, hlau oxide thiab chromium oxide - tebchaw uas yog feem ntau siv niaj hnub no.

Novakulit (tuab siliceous pob zeb) - kuj yog ib tug zoo raw khoom rau lub polishing cov ntaub ntawv. Cerium oxide yog lub feem ntau mineral siv rau polishing iav. Qhov no twb kev txuas nws tsis kos, tab sis lends smoothness thiab ci. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, li cas los xij, Karbid Kremniya thiab hluavtaws diamonds rau no nce siv. Raws li rau lawv, nws ua ib tug tshwj xeeb kim thiab npaum abrasive siv. Nws yog zoo heev haum rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov feem ntau "capricious" cov ntaub ntawv.

Kev siv ntawm magnetic teb

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, ntau thiab ntau dav nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam pib xyaum cov txheej txheem ntawm abrasive sib tsoo. Ua li no, tsis txhob siv Pa dej los yog compressed cua: me me abrasive hais floating nyob rau hauv ib tug haib magnetic teb, uas tas ib tug "grindstone". Qhov no yog siv nyob rau hauv precision engineering, raws li nws yuav siv tau los kho tau thiab xyum cov lus, uas yuav nquag yuav kim heev rau cov txheej txheem thiab / los yog rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Raws li abrasive feem ntau siv txhuas compound nrog lub co uas muaj cov cuab yeej no.

Magnetorheological polishing hom kev kawm

Thaum rheological polishing txoj kev "lub cev" abrasive cuab tam yog tsis siv. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tov nrog rau cov kua nyob rau hauv uas lawv yog thicker txav nyob rau hauv tus ntawm hluav taws xob teb. Qhov no txoj kev yog zoo li nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects rau uas tau piav saum toj no, nws kuj yog siv rau kev kho mob ntawm tej qhov chaw nyob rau hauv precision engineering thiab zoo sib xws industries.

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo nyob rau hauv qhuav yog nce pib siv ntxhib no los txhuam, pre-tov nrog kua los yog hluavtaws resins. Ib tug piv txwv zoo - GOI wetted abrasive muab tshuaj txhuam raws li nyob rau hauv chromium oxide. Nws tau ntev tau paub, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los nws them tshwj xeeb mloog. Yog vim li cas tsis yog yooj yim - tus nqi qis ntawm no compound thiab nws cov high efficiency thaum lub sij hawm polishing. Tsis tas li ntawd, mob me abrasive muab tshuaj txhuam ua rau cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau kho, tsis muaj khawb los yog ua kom nws.

Sib Tsoo log rau lub grinders ( "Bulgarians")

Lawv yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau polishing. Ntxhib no los txhuam tseem yuav txiav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom ruaj ruaj. Rau lub hom phiaj no, nyias abrasive log yog ua los rau lub hauv paus ntawm txhuas oxide thiab phenolic resins. Nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, ib tug hlau sib tsoo log. Tej cuab yeej no indispensable nyob rau hauv kev nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm marble quarries. Lub fact tias qhov no mineral yog heev ntom, tsis zoo rau cov pa sawing saws.

Raws li peb twb hais, yog siv rau tej txhuas oxide, Karbid Kremniya, hluavtaws pob zeb diamond thiab boron carbide. Ntawm no, cov kev sib tsoo log yuav tsum tau ua, xws li hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kaw hniav rau high-zog cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub ntsiab cuab yeej siv rau kev lag luam

Yog li, cov tebchaw uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau hliav, polishing, tej ntaub ntawv. Niaj hnub nimno kev lag luam feem ntau siv abrasive cuab tam ntawm dag keeb kwm. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no - kuj tsis tshua muaj nqi ntawm synthetics. lawm tab tebchaw yog ntau npaum li cas kim heev. Cov lawv yog pheej hu hais tias txhuas oxide thiab Karbid Kremniya, zirconia thiab thiaj li hu superabrasives (pob zeb diamond los yog boron nitride).

Tsuav txhob yog cov tsawg tsawg thiab no mas sawv cev los ntawm Corundum. Nws yog heev kim, thiab nws siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ib tug txaus xwb. Nyob rau hauv ib tug txawm ntau dua tsis tshua muaj siv tej yam ntuj tso diamonds unsuitable rau polishing vim tsis tshua muaj neeg me me luaj li cas, los yog cov yam ntxwv tsis xws luag.

Cov evolution ntawm muaj ntxhib no los txhuam

Lub keeb kwm ntawm muaj ntxhib no los txhuam rau kev sib tsoo log pib nrog lub ntuj minerals - quartz thiab pob zeb ntais, raws li zoo raws li Corundum. Nws yog ib lub caij nyoog kawg no, los ntawm txoj kev, rau cov thawj lub sij hawm thiab lub npe hu ua "Emery". Nws yog tus thawj bar ntawm lub abrasive. Tsis kam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso minerals pib nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thiab twb yuav luag tiav los ntawm tus kawg ntawm nws. Tus taw tes no tsis yog tus nqi ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb hais tias tag nrho lawv muaj zoo-txhais thaj chaw uas hloov tsis tau tuaj tawm. Synthetic ntxhib no los txhuam kuj pib nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, yuav ua tau txawv heev thiab zoo suited rau daws tau ib co txawv txawv muaj teeb meem.

Piv txwv li, los ntawm txoj kev tshiab yees yuav tsum tau tsim compound nrog ib tug particle zoo li ib tug saus. Tej ntaub ntawv uas yog zoo tagnrho rau daim ntawv thov mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub polishing log. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tau los mus tsim nkaus cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, los ntawm combining, piv txwv li, titanium oxide nrog txhuas tebchaw. Cov ntxhib no los txhuam yog zoo tagnrho rau cov kev kho mob ntawm tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj chaw.

Thaum muaj ib tug "abrasive txhob" nyob rau hauv lub lag luam?

Niaj hnub nimno zus tau tej cov ntxhib no los txhuam, xws li qhov kev tso tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo log thiab Emery tawv, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los mus piav txog vim hais tias ntawm tus luj ntawm trademarks thiab patents, uas nyob rau hauv ntau piav tib yam khoom. Tus yuam sij rau tej kev tsis sib haum tsis yog yooj yim - vim hais tias cov tsawg tshaj plaws sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav mus sau npe ib tug tshiab hom duab. Tab sis dab tsi yog lub hauv paus rau hluavtaws ntxhib no los txhuam, thiab thaum twg lub lag luam muaj cov tau ntawm lawv cov loj siv?

Tiag tseem ceeb tshwm sim yog qhib ntawm silicon carbide - ib tug mineral, tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Tsim ib tug hluavtaws alumina nyob rau hauv 1890 xwb tsa pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1920 hluavtaws txhuas oxide, Karbid Kremniya, garnet thiab Emery yog loj industrial ntxhib no los txhuam.

Tab sis qhov tiag txhob tuaj nyob rau hauv 1938. Nws ces ua tau los tsim sib ntshiab alumina, uas yog tam sim ntawd pom dav daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering. Nws tsis ntev los ua tseeb hais tias ib tug sib tov ntawm zirconia thiab alumina yog zoo tagnrho rau cov nyuab hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej nyuaj heev hlau qib. Nws yeej yog ib tug tshwj xeeb abrasive hmoov: nws koom tes high efficiency, tab sis nws yog tus pheej yig. Niaj hnub no xibtes kuj ua rau tag nrho cov khoom cua alumina, khaws cia cov thawj bauxite microcrystalline qauv ntawm cov starting cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev thiaj li cim Cubitron ™ raug tsim, raws li zoo raws li ntxhib no los txhuam raws li ceramics nyob rau hauv SolGel ™ hom.

Nyob rau hauv "tus ntxhais tus zoo phooj ywg"

Ntuj pob zeb diamond - tus hiob abrasive pob zeb. Nws los ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub 1930s. Tom yog txoj cai rau ob tug yog vim li cas. Firstly, ua ntej lub tagnrho cov pob zeb diamond lawm yog negligible thiab cia li lub cev yuav tsis them rau cov loj hlob xav tau ntawm cov lag luam. Secondly, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug mob siab ntawm cov tab tom yuav tsov ua rog, ntau lub teb chaws pib urgently nrhiav kev los pab ua tungsten carbide nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cav tov. Qhov no tshuaj yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cores ntawm armor- tho projectiles.

Cov teeb meem no twb tau unrealistic nyob rau hauv lub hardness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas puas cia li tsis noj. Kev tshawb nrhiav nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960 los ntawm General Electric, tau coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom cua diamonds. Thaum kawg tshawb nrhiav nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no ua rau lub qhib ntawm lub nyhav boron nitride, CBN. Qhov no compound, muaj ib tug hardness ntawm cov pob zeb diamond, yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua lwm yam ntxhib no los txhuam, txij li thaum nws yuav zoo as mus rau hauv ib qho nyuaj qib steel hmoov av.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tag nrho cov ntawm cov ntxhib no los txhuam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tag nrho cov ntawm nws zoo kawg li zog, muaj ib tug loj loj drawback - tus nqi. Ib tug tsis ntev los no kev zam yog abrasive Abral, tsim European kev txhawj xeeb Pechiney. Qhov no lub tuam txhab tau tsim ib yam ntawm cov "cov pob zeb diamond hloov", uas, me ntsis ua tsis tau zoo rau lawv nyob rau hauv hardness considerably yeej nyob rau hauv tus nqi.

Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntxhib no los txhuam kev lag luam tau mus lawm tom ntej. Great tseem ceeb cov ntaub ntawv raug siv tau raws li lub hauv paus rau lawv daim ntawv thov. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum nws tau tsim bakelite, lub sijhawm los tsim ntau lub teeb, tsis tau check sib tsoo log. Lawv zom tusyees thiab ntxhib no los txhuam zoo faib nyob rau hauv lawv cov internal volume. Nws muab ho zoo zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua.

Emery daim ntaub

Emery daim ntaub siv raws li tus puag, dag thiab tej yam ntuj tso fabrics, films, thiab txawm lub tiaj ntawv, ntaub-tam fibers. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub "nazhdachku" twb npaj los ntawm Impregnating ib tug tov raws li phenolic resins los yog dej (nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntxhib no los txhuam, ntawm chav kawm) ntaub. Nws kuj yuav tau abrasive ntaub nqus dej. Tej cuab yeej lug paub yuav luag txhua leej txhua tus, peb yuav ntsib nrog lawv tas li thiab txhua txhua hnub.

Peb tau piav txog tus ntau daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog tias feem ntau ntawm lawv tsis fim cov txiv neej nruab nrab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej. Piv txwv li, muaj coob tus neeg paub txog sharpening pob zeb, nrog los yog cov tib ntwav txhuam ntoo, ib tug neeg siv mesh abrasive. Tab sis heev ob peb cov neeg paub cov kev hom tshuaj uas yog siv, piv txwv li, bearings manufacturers ntawm zoo riam los yog ntawm superhard steel qib. Cov yav tas, incidentally, tsev hov yuav luag tsis muaj. "Sharpener" rau lawv yuav tsum tshwj xeeb heev.

Rau ib txhia kev pab raws qib haum ib tug los yog lwm abrasive?

Rau cov kev xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau superabrasive, uas peb twb luv luv hais los saum no. Lawv kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tawv Emery, abrasive txhuam, disks thiab voj voog. Yog li, steel manufacturers yog alumina thiab silicon carbide nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov qauv qib tuaj. Pawg ntau lawm feem ntau yuav tsum tau wider siv Sandblasting machines: stainless steel, pob bearings tso thiab loj ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hardwood. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, manufacturers nyob twj ywm loyal rau "zoo qub" alumina. Qhov no abrasive hmoov yog pheej yig, tab sis nws yog zoo heev.

Qhov kawg ntawm

Ntxhib no los txhuam, ncaj qha los yog kov ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm yuav luag txhua yam uas cov neeg ntsej muag txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv kev, yog tsis muaj lawv tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim vaj tse ntawm Anodized txhuas, uas yog thiaj li nrov nrog cov kiv cua ntawm "Kua" khoom. Tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias ib tug yooj yim kev sib tsoo pob zeb "grinders" los yog txawm ib tug dog dig ntwav txhuam ntoo - lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau tiam ntawm zaum thiab artisans sib sau ua ke thiab npaj lawv cov kev paub ntau lub xyoo.

Tuam txhab uas muag cov ntau hom ntxhib no los txhuam, sib tsoo log thiab ntwav txhuam ntoo, siv theoretical paub, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries. Lawv coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm ceramics, lug coj ua ntawv thov chemistry, physics thiab metallurgy. Ntxhib no los txhuam yeej ib txwm pab tau - lawv yog ib tug tseem ceeb feature ntawm niaj hnub ntau lawm voj voog uas muaj ntau qhauj.