Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug periscope nrog lawv ob txhais tes

Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv tsov rog movies zoo li tawm ntawm lub trench ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tub rog yog saib los ntawm ib tug cunning ntaus ntawv. "Ob lub qhov muag" ntawm lub ntaus ntawv ntawm lub nce saum toj no lub parapet, lub observer yog nyob hauv qab no yog tsis pom mus yeeb ncuab txhob sniping. Lub npe ntawm lub tsom iav raj - ib tug periscope. Leej twg tuaj nrog nws, thiab seb nws yog ua tau kom ib tug periscope nrog nws tus kheej ob txhais tes?

invention

Lo lus "periscope" dim de txhais ua drevneellinskogo mus ib yam dab tsi zoo li "saib ib ncig." Nws yog lub npe hu hais txog qhov chiv keeb ntawm no ntaus ntawv txawm los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thiab nws invented, raws li feem ntau tshwm sim, nws tsis yog rau lub hom phiaj rau cov uas nws yog siv tam sim no - cov kev soj xyuas tus yeeb ncuab thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

Qhov yooj yim periscope lawv txhais tes ua Christian pilgrims, kho nyob rau hauv lub pas nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° ob thooj mirror.

Nws siv qhov yooj yim ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau saib tshaj lub taub hau ntawm cov neeg coob coob ntawm lub Festival nyob rau hauv Aachen. Rau lub sij hawm ua lub invention ntaus coj lub luag hauj lwm kev lom zem cov khoom ua si, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th qhov teeb meem no hloov.

daim ntawv thov

Tib neeg yog ua rog nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm. Thiab lub leapfrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm hais tias tua ntawm ib tug deb, muaj ib tug taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov keeb kwm yuav luag instantly. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hmuv rau cov tibneeg thiab txawb tuaj bows thiab hneev. Sub pib tau txais cov yeeb ncuab rau unprecedented mus, tua hwj chim thiab raug shooters tau tshee zog.

Tsis ceeb, lub artisans sai xav yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug periscope cia nws mus saib xyuas tus taw ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thaum uas seem invulnerable. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th pib siv cov periscope nyob rau siege ntawm fortresses kom khiav ntawm lub besiegers tsis muaj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm raug ntaus los ntawm ib tug xub los yog ib tug hneev tua tav toj ntsia liaj qhov rooj.

Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum ntau lub teb chaws pib yuav tsum tau pom zoo ua loj heev ua rau tus siv ntawm submarines, periscope yuav luag tam sim ntawd ua ib feem ntawm lawv. Nws ntaus ntawv yog zoo kawg nkaus suited rau cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov pa nto hlab ntsha. Thiab keb soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv pub leejtwg, tsis muaj surfacing, thiab qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm.

Qhob yooj yim periscope

Qhov yooj yim periscope tus kheej ob txhais tes yog tsis yooj yim ua. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib tug covert keb soj ntsuam cuab tam, koj yuav tsum Tshuag li on ob tug me me iav. Koj muaj peev xwm yuav ib tug huv si kom hniav zoo nkauj daim iav, thiab koj yuav txiav iav cutter (uas yog tswv rau tej kev txawj ntse) ob lub tsom iav.

Cov tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau - qhov no lub cev. Ntawm no lub tswv yim tsis yog tas los ntawm tej yam ib thaj tsam. Tej elongated kwv los ntawm ib tug ncaj heev, tab sis muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tau kho cov ntaub ntawv uas. Haum txawm lub thawv, nqaim thiab ntev, tawm ntawm cov khoom qab zib.

Yog nqus tau periscope nyob rau hauv daim duab. Lub transformation ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo dauv nyob rau hauv lub thawv espionage neeg uas sawv cev raws li nram no:

- rau hauv qab thiab saum toj ntawm lub casing soj ntsuam keeb yog txiav - rau ob tog raws li qhia.

- ib daim iav mounted nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° rau hauv lub ntsug axis. Mounting tsom iav yuav tsum muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm hloov, nws yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau ua tom qab, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub periscope soj khoom tau pom, tiam sis tsis rau sab hauv ntawm lub ntaus ntawv.

Ib tug kev xaiv no yog mus ua ib tug periscope nrog adjustable tsom iav, yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxiv Circuit Court. Daim iav glued mus rau hauv paus ntawm lub plywood rau nws ntug ntawm lub 3 ntsiab lus yog kho screws. Yuav kom daim iav yeej ib txwm tau ib tug ruaj khov txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub mounting phaj thiab puag yog tso rau hauv ib coiled caij nplooj ntoos hlav.

complicates qhov kev siv

Qhov yooj yim qhob periscope tsis pub xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug kwv uas yog nyob deb deb. Nws yog tempting mus ua ke lub possibilities ntawm ib tug periscope thiab ib tug tsom iav raj. raug version ntawm lub periscope nrog rau cov kev ua approximation ntawm tej thaj chaw deb khoom no yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab.

Lub hauv paus yog tseem tib yooj yim periscope, tab sis nws ntxiv ob tug tshiab hais: lub lens thiab eyepiece, ua ke nrog lub tiav lawm tsom iav raj. Me to taub nyob rau hauv lub optics bases, nyeem cov embodiments improvised refractor telescopes, lo ntsiab muag rau lub lens thiab muaj peev xwm xaiv tau nws tus kheej.

Muab sau khaws cia periscope nrog nws txhais tes rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tiav lawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsom iav raj, nws yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej nruj kev siv ntawm cov kev cai (khij ua voj voos liab ncej). Qhov kawg kev ncua deb ntawm lub lens thiab cov eyepiece yuav tsum raws nraim tib yam li nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tsom iav raj, coj raws li ib lub hauv paus.

Nws yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog tau hloov (leveling) focal ntev yuav tau kho cov sharpness ntawm tus dais. Nyob rau hauv daim duab, cov eyepiece yog tso rau hauv tshwj xeeb eyepiece raj.