Yog vim li cas computers? Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv cov computer. Tus thawj computer

Leej twg ntawm peb tau tsis xav txog lo lus uas peb computer? Yuav ua li cas qhov no "cov neeg hlau" ua rau peb, pab peb nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv ib hnub twg! Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas lub sij hawm peb mob siab rau nws, tab sis ntau npaum li cas thiab cawm! Computer - ib tug ntaus ntawv uas yog nrees rooted nyob rau hauv peb lub neej, pab ua kom tiav qhov nyuaj thiab feem ntau cov kev sib tw, entertains thiab tsim.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Koj feem ntau xav txog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau computers? Ob peb cov neeg to taub tag nrho array ntawm kev pab raws qib, nyob rau hauv uas ua hauj lwm cov "machines". Tab sis qhov uas lawv tuaj ntawm thiab yuav ua li cas thiaj li ceev nrooj mus rau hauv peb lub neej? Khoos phib tawj nrog English txhais li "computer". Qhov no feature yog nws yog tus thawj heev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntaus ntawv. Roughly hais lus, tus thawj tshuab txais kev pab raws li ib tug lub tshuab xam zauv.

Tam sim no, qhov no mechanism yog tau ua tau tej yam kev pab raws qib. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov hauj lwm yog computational los yog yuam. Tab sis tsis ntev los no, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tes hauj lwm, ib qho tseem ceeb yog lub tswv yim-output muaj nuj nqi. Hais tias tag nrho muas tau ua nrog lub tseeb ua ntu zus, siv ib qho kev pab uas npaj rau cov no thiab tsim.

zaj dabneeg

Feem ntau, nws nco ntsoov tus thawj heev computer, historians delve rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub ancient Babylon. Nws twb ces twb yees ua lub thawj variation xam - abacus abacus. Tab sis yog hais tias tsis mus kom deb li deb raws li koj muaj peev xwm rov qab mus rau lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj li 100 xyoo. Nws yog nyob rau hauv 1941 lub ntiaj teb no pom tus thawj xws ntaus ntawv. Nws tau tsim ib tug American mathematician ntawm Harvard Govard Eykson.

Nws thiab ib tug ob peb IBM tus engineers tau tsim thawj computer rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm lub sij hawm ntawm Charles Babbage. Teb, lub tsheb pib xwb nyob rau hauv 1944. Nws tau muab lub npe "Malakaus 1". Peb tau muab tso rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv Harvard University.

Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub PC tau siv 500 txhiab dollars. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub computer los ua ke tau ua los ntawm kim thiab high-zoo cov ntaub ntawv. Lub mechanism muab tso rau hauv stainless hlau thiab iav. Tus ntaus ntawv coj ib tug ntev ntawm 17 meters, lub siab yog kwv yees li 2.5 meters. Raws li, qhov no nrhiav cov txheej txheem hnyav yog ntau tshaj li 4 tons. Yuav kom nqa cov computer mus ua hauj lwm, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm levers, relays, keyboards, ntawm uas muaj ntau tshaj li 750 daim.

Interestingly, lub tsheb twb tau mus nyob ntawm tej, qhov ntev uas yog 800 kis lus mev. Txawm li cas los, ib tug haib computer yog haum txheej thaum ub kev pab raws qib. Nws coped nrog ib tug tsawg tus nqi ntawm cov zauv - tsuas yog 72, lawv muaj 23 decimal chaw. Lub system yuav rho thiab compose thiab siv tag nrho cov dab tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 3 vib nas this. Rau multiplication, nws yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li 6 vib nas this, tus faib tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 15 vib nas this.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, zaum twb tau kom tau ib tug tshaj xam tshuab, uas yog siv rau perforated ntawv daim kab xev rau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm tias nws cuab tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv qhov tam sim no kev monsters, nws tseem ua tag nrho cov suav tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab yog li muaj tau ib tug lossis loj kauj ruam ntawm automation.

lwm theories

Ua tau, hais tias "Malakaus 1" yog thawj computer rau cov muaj teeb meem deal. Nyob rau qhov no tau muaj ntau ntau theories. Muaj feem ntau nco qab txog Konrad Zuse nrog nws tshuab Z1, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1938. Tsis tas li ntawd lub npe hu ua ntej hluav taws xob cov computer nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, uas pib hais lus nyob rau hauv 1942. Txawm tias nws twb tsis tau tiav, tsis tau nws yuav yog ib tsab thiab kev tshoov siab li nram qab no cov cav tov.

muaj ntau haiv neeg

Thaum ib tug neeg tawm suab muaj ib lo lus nug: "Yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau computers?" Nws feem ntau sawv cev rau hauv tus txheej txheem version ntawm lub PC los yog laptop nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub npe. Ntawm lwm yam, desktops yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv domestic thiab neeg rau zaub mov, muaj workstations, tus kheej kev xaiv, ib tug-piece, kev ua si consoles, media chaw zov me nyuam, thiab lwm yam

Yuav kom computers muaj ntau simplified apparatus xws li netbooks, ntsiav tshuaj, nettopy. Muaj supercomputers, uas muaj xws li ib tug mini, supermini, tus kheej thiab mainframe. Kev xaiv lub xeem - nws yog ib tug heev haib computer, tsim los rau high-kev ua tau zoo thiab kev pab-intensive kev pab raws qib. Nws yog feem ntau yog ib tug zoo kawg li tus naj npawb ntawm RAM thiab ib tug sab nraud nco ntaus ntawv yog siv rau cov batch ua thiab lwm yam kev pab raws qib.

Rau me me thiab mobile computers yog tag nrho cov ntawm peb koj nyiam ntse xov tooj, laptops, tus kheej cov thawj, ntsiav tshuaj, e-phau ntawv thiab thiaj li nyob. Muaj coob tus neeg tsis nco qab hais tias cov davhlau ya nyob twg yog nyob rau hauv cov khw nojmov thiab khw - kuj yog ib tug computer raws li ib tug hluav taws xob tshuab txhais lus, tshuab xam zauv, thiab lwm yam

Ntawm xws li ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm pab kiag li lawm nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias lawv lub hom phiaj yuav ua tau txawv heev thiab tej zaum kuj heev npaj txhij txog.

tsim

Rau tag nrho lub sij hawm txhim kho niaj hnub tsheb tau txais ib tug ntau yam ntawm zam tsim. computer los ua ke, uas yog rau ntau cov neeg siv - yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi piv rau tus tsim neeg rau zaub mov noj thiab zoo sib xws haib qauv. Tsis tau muaj tej yam cov qauv thiab algorithm, uas theem ua ke tag nrho cov hom ntawm computers.

Thaum cov neeg pib mus xav txog tus tsim ntawm tus ntaus ntawv, feem ntau xav seb nws yog tshuab cov hom los yog analog system. Rau thawj lub variant siv discrete txog zauv los yog ua ib lub cim zog. Analog hom no yog tsim los lis ib tug loj txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus xaiv thawj yog lub feem ntau nrov ntawm cov neeg siv.

Los ntawm analog yog tam sim no tsim nyog los nqa nomograms, swb cai, astrolabe, oscilloscopes, TV, thiab txawm lub paj hlwb.

daim ntawv thov

Rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm "Kuv yuav siv cov computer," nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias muaj yog tseem muaj ib tug tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm kev pab raws qib nqa tawm los ntawm nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los soj ntsuam. Thiab nws yog tsis zoo li tag nrho cov tam sim no dab uas computer executes yog cov kev txwv ntawm nws cov tuition.

Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias peb tham txog lub zoo-paub txoj kev ntawm kev siv, thawj qhov uas ua tawm kom siab: PC thov nyob rau hauv chaw ua hauj lwm thiab kev lom zem. Cov yav tas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov txoj cai tam sim no, thiab nrog rau cov kev kawm feem pab ntau menyuam kawm ntawv rau automate lawv txoj kev kawm thiab tau txais cov lus qhia ntxiv.

lom ze

Txhua leej txhua tus nco txog qhov kev ua si ntawm chess nrog lub computer. Thaum muaj yog xws li ib lub sij hawm, cov neeg no cia li xav tsis thoob vim los ntawm lub possibilities ntawm lub tshuab. Tom ntej no twb qhia ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim card ua si thiab lwm yam puzzle. Tam sim no npog ib txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua si yog unreal. Lub ntiaj teb no lub loj tshaj plaws tournaments nyob ua si lub computer, uas yog sau stadiums kiv cua thiab nqi zog ntau tshaj $ 20 lab.

Hais txog kev lom zem peb nco qab hais tsis tau tsuas yog gamer PCs thiab laptops, tab sis kuj ua si consoles, PDAs thiab smartphones. Cov yav tas, ntawm chav kawm, muaj cov ua hauj lwm zoo nta, tab sis tseem feem ntau siv raws li nyiam ntaus ntawv uas yuav pab dhau lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub kev ua si ntawm chess nrog ib lub computer thiab ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm gaming lom ze tej yaam num muaj xws li saib movies, commercials thiab TV qhia tau hais tias, mloog suab, xov tooj cua los yog cov phau ntawv. Virtual tours rau lub tsev, theaters, miv, ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam

tsim

Muaj ntau cov neeg hluas tau tsis nco qab tias lub computer, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kev lom zem, npaj rau txoj kev kawm. Qhov no yog nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog, uas ua rau nws tau tsis tsuas mus rau pab uas twb muaj lawm paub, tab sis kuj yuav tau sawv daws yuav tshiab. Yog li ntawd, zaum ntawm lub computer, peb yuav tau yooj yim mus los ntawm deb txoj kev kawm, rau lawv tus kheej kev kawm ntawv, nyeem cov phau ntawv, mloog thiab saib video kawm, mastering ib tug ntau yam ntawm dab thiab expanding horizons.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub computer li miv daim ntaub ntawv uas muaj feem ntau intertwined. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, kev sib txuas lus thiab kev kawm ntawv yuav pab peb mus tau yooj yim kawm tshiab lus los yog mus nrhiav cov phooj ywg los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb.

kev sib txuas lus

Lub fact tias cov PC yog siv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus, tsis muaj nqis mentioning. Sawv daws yeej paub txog nws. Tam sim no siv koj lub computer raws li ib tug platform mus ntsib thiab sib txuas lus, on qhov tsis tooj, nws ua rau tej yam teeb meem ntawm cov haiv neeg. Cov neeg ua nyob rau ntawm kev tes hauj lwm, forums thiab blogs. Txawm tias, yog tias koj xav txog qhov kev xaiv no rau qhov zoo sab, lub computer yeej puv thawm peb tau txais mus rau paub cov neeg los ntawm txawv cov ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Nws ua ceev ceev kev sib txuas lus, pab txhawb lub tshaaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm, yog li kev kawm ntawv thiab lwm yam kev pab raws qib.

ua hauj lwm

Khoos phib tawj ua hauj lwm, ntawm chav kawm, kuj yog ib tug tseem ceeb lub cuab tam. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam ib tug neeg los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, uas yuav tsis siv no ntaus ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov khw sellers ua qhov khoom nab npawb ntawm cov PC, nqa tawm uas tsis yog-them nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm terminals, thiab lwm yam

Loj tuam txhab uas muag ua tsaug rau computers teem ib ua hauj lwm network rau cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, lawv yog ceev fixes thiab kho me ntsis. Ib txhia loj Enterprises mus nrhiav kom tau lawv cov PCs loj loj system cov kev pab cuam rau cov kev tswj ntawm lub tuam txhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsis tsimnyog mus ntsib PC desktop txawj sau ntawv, neeg sau xov xwm los yog copywriter, vim hais tias typewriters tau ntev ploj mus tawm ntawm zam thiab tsuas yog nthuav accessories los yog sab kho kom zoo nkauj.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yog tias koj tseem tsis tau paub vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau computers, muab siv li cas cov neeg tsim cov dluab, duab, hloov lawv, puag chaw, typeset ib phau ntawv, magazine, ntawv xov xwm, thiab ntau yam luam cov ntaub ntawv thiab hluav taws xob tawm tswv yim. Raws li nws yog tam sim no tsim suab paj nruag thiab tsos, yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm nrog zauv. Thaum kawg, leej twg muaj, designs, nta los yog cov kev pab cuam.

professions

Yog hais tias peb tham txog ntau cov kev teeb meem, tab sis tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho thiab txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm qhia rau koj vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau computers thiab qhov chaw uas lawv yuav siv tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov tub rog system ntawm missile tiv thaiv los yog qhov chaw tswj los ntawm lub PC. Tag nrho lub cev phenomena los yog kev tshawb fawb lub tsev ua qauv tsim siv cia cov khoom.

Nqa tawm zauv, tshuaj, lub cev thiab lwm yam analyses thiab suav tau ua los ntawm cov cav tov. Cov hauj lwm tau caw kaw lus rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab tsis tsuas yog cov txuam nrog cov lus teb, tab sis txawm tias cov kws kho mob.

Siv cov kev faib ntawm tus tsim theem no kuj cia li thiab tswj los ntawm PC systems. Tag nrho cov txheej xwm loj, xws li kev sib tw, kev lom zem qhia tau hais tias, lwm yam kev txhawb los ntawm ib tug computer, thiab cov neeg uas khiav lawv.

Nyob rau hauv kev, piav qhia txog cov neeg kawm ntawv uas tseem ceeb ntawm ib lub PC nyob rau hauv txhua txhua tus neeg lub neej, haiv neeg thiab lub xeev raws li ib tug tag nrho yog heev yooj yim. Tam sim no, qhov txhia chaw koj saib, peb yuav saib tau lub computer nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau versions. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub Internet, qhov no mechanism yog nrees nkag mus hauv peb lub neej, ib txhia hloov lub TV thiab tsoos xov xwm, sib txuas lus nrog cov phooj ywg thiab tsev neeg. Lwm tus los ua ib tug indispensable cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab kawm, thiab ib tug neeg - tus tswv hauj lwm.