TsimZaj dabneeg

Walter Ulbricht: biography, cov duab thiab nthuav tseeb

Walter Ulbricht yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev nom kev tswv nuj nqis ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nws ua ib tug enormous pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub German koom pheej ywj pheej thiab nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub geopolitical daim ntawv qhia ntawm postwar cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, coj noj coj ua, nws muaj peev xwm mus siv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev sib raug thiab nyiaj txiag kho uas tau radically hloov lub socio-thoj lub neej nyob rau hauv teb chaws East Germany. Kev luj xyuas ntawm cov kev ua ub heev polarity: ib co ntseeg hais tias Ulbricht teb chaws hero, thiab ib co neeg ntxeev siab.

Walter Ulbricht: biography

Nws yug los nyob rau hauv lub thirtieth ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj 1893 nyob rau hauv Leipzig. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws ntoo. Rhiav nyob rau hauv lub Ulbricht tsev. Yog li ntawd, txij li thaum yau, Walter ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws, pab nws tus txiv. Xaus Leipzig thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv, tom qab uas muaj ntoo thiab tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws studio txij thaum 1907. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug txaus siab nyob rau hauv xwb. Nyob rau hauv Leipzig nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm txawv socialist voj voog. Nyeem tej hauj lwm ntawm Engels, Bebel, Marx thiab lwm yam German philosophers ntawm sab laug-tis. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm kaum cuaj nws los rau hauv lub Social ywj pheej tog. Rau siab koom nyob rau hauv cov kev ua ub ntawm lub zos pab pawg. Thaum lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, tus Socialists tsis tau hu rau pem hauv ntej, xav tias lawv txaus ntshai ntsiab. Txawm li cas los, tom qab xyoo ntawm ntshav battles, qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas. Kaiser to taub tias nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ntawm tus revolutionaries yog ntau npaum li cas tsim txom. Yog li ntawd mobilization yog ob qho tib si ib tug rau txim thiab ib qho los mus ua rau losses.

The Great tsov rog

Walter Ulbricht nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog nyob rau hauv 1915. Thaum lub hauv pem hauv ntej, koom nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm socialist tswv yim. Raws li ib co lus ceeb toom, nws koom nyob rau hauv lub fraternization nrog lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog. "Fraternization" coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov theaters ua tsov ua rog. Thaum lub sij hawm uas cov tub rog ntawm lub tawm tsam cov tub rog tuaj tawm ntawm lub trenches kom tau raws li txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub xyoo ntawm Walter Ulbricht yuav siv sij hawm qhov thiaj li hu ua "Spartacus League". Qhov no yog ib tug tshaj dhau Marxist lub koom haum, uas sawv ntawm lub chaw ntawm cov rejection ntawm capitalism, imperialism thiab militarism.

Thaum pib ntawm revolutionary kev ua ub no

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lub xyoo Ulbricht demobiliziruyut. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub German faj tim teb chaws kiv puag ncig lov. Walter tam sim ntawd pib coj active ib feem nyob rau hauv nws. Cia li ib lub lim tiam insurgent cov neeg tswj mus rhuav lub monarchy thiab tshaj tawm ib tug koom pheej. Ulbricht yog ib feem ntawm lub zos council ntawm cov tub rog 'Deputies. Ces nws tau txais txoj cai los sawv cev rau cov neeg ua hauj thiab cov tub rog ntawm Leipzig. Nyob rau hauv no luag hauj lwm, nws tsim lub German Communist tog department. Rau ib xyoo nws tswj los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv pawg neeg. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li editor ntawm qhov nrov ntawv xov xwm "cov chav kawm ntawv kev tsov kev rog." Rau kev vam meej kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Leipzig, Walter Ulbricht tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub tog Central Committee. Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-ob xyoo pib ib tug tshiab Congress "International" - International Communist koom haum ua teb.

Walter yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub German Embassy thiab yuav siv sij hawm yog ib feem nyob rau hauv lub congress ntawm lub International nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ntaub ntawv kuv tau ntsib nrog Lenin. Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thib rau lub xyoo, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov Reichstag deputy, thaum ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv lub International. Muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj pawg neeg.

Davhlau thiab qho

Tom qab qhov qaug dab peg ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub teb chaws Socialists pib tsim txom ntawm Communist. SS ua keb soj ntsuam ntawm tag nrho cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis ntawm lub communist thiab socialist ob tog, ntawm lawv Walter Ulbricht. German politician mus underground. Nyob rau hauv lub peb caug-peb lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim txom objectionable tsoom fwv cov neeg nkag mus rau hauv tshiab momentum. Walter sau nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv lub peb caug-tsib xyoo uas nws kev nyob rau hauv lub Political Bureau of lub tog. Peb xyoos tom qab, nws zaug nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub International. Txij thaum pib ntawm lub Mev Civil rog xa muaj raws li ib tug nom tswv advisor. Tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Franco regime nws sab laug rau Fabkis. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab lub teb chaws tsis nyob twj ywm ntev. Tom qab txoj hauj lwm ntawm Fabkis chaw uas zoo heev los ntawm lub Nazis, Ulbricht rov qab mus rau Moscow. Tom qab pib ntawm lub Great Patriotic koom nyob rau hauv kev dag nyob nrog German cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad nyob rau hauv tus neeg los ntawm cov neeg hais lus hu ua rau German tub rog mus surrender. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub caug-peb lub xyoo ntawm anti-Hitler tsim tub rog Committee.

Tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog

Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub yeej nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm lub Soviet Union pib tsim ib lub thaj yeeb lub neej nyob rau hauv lub nyob ib cheeb tsam. Yuav kom tsim ib tug tshiab tsoom fwv nyob rau thaum pib ntawm May nyob rau hauv Berlin los ib tug politician Walter Ulbricht nrog cuaj nuj nqis ntawm lub communist underground. Pab restore civil tsev nyob rau hauv Berlin thiab ces nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Nazi regime nyob rau hauv teb chaws East Germany yam raug cai ua hauj lwm ob peb ob tog. Ulbricht hau ib tug ntawm lawv - SPEG. Ib tug plurality ntawm active menyuam kawm ntawv thiab intellectuals koom lub tshiab tog.

Walter Ulbricht, lub German politician: biography, cov duab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub GDR

Nyob rau hauv lub fifties, Walter ua lub taub hau ntawm lub German koom pheej ywj pheej. Txawm li cas los, nws khaws nws qub post ntawm deputy prime minister. Yog li, Ulbricht yog ywm nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais tes tag nrho cov hwj huam. Nyob rau hauv nws views, nws paub ntawm ib tug Stalinist. kev siv ntawm socialism pib nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Av kho kom zoo tau tso cai mus rau deprive cov tswv ntawm loj teb thiab hloov lawv mus rau lub kev tswj ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws pib lub nationalization ntawm qhauj.

Mob nom tswv ntsoog

Yuam Industrialization nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog devastation coj mus rau lub economic ntsoog thiab cov discontent ntawm cov pejxeem. Lub homphiaj ntawm nrov ntxub los ua Walter Ulbricht. German politician, nws biography yog suav ib tug heev ob peb nyuaj sij hawm, thaum hais tias tsib caug-peb Lub Xya hli ntuj hnub yog cov feem ntau nyuaj rau nws nyob rau hauv lub neej. Pawg strike escalated rau hauv qhib revolt. Walter yuav tsum tau nug rau cov kev pab mus rau lub Soviet Union. Soviet troops tau rho mus rau hauv txoj kev nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos, thiab tus tuav ntaub ntawv-kev nkaum rau qhov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm cov occupying thawj coj. Thaum lub sij hawm cov hluav ntawm lub rebellion Ulbricht twb tau mus ua puas lub txheem nyob rau hauv lub tog.

hloov cov hoob kawm

Tsoom fwv txoj cai ntawm Ulbricht tau teem feem nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees ntawm infrastructure thiab lub peev xwm ntau. Lub tsev ntawm socialism twb nqa boosted. Politicians nyob thuam tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub GDR, tab sis kuj cov Kremlin. Lavrenti Beria tau pheej liam tias cov kev txiav txim thiab txoj kev Walter. Nws ntseeg hais tias muaj ntau txoj kev socialization thiab kev rho tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv xwb ua rau cov neeg los ntawm tsoom fwv.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Ulbricht hu ua rau Moscow thiab qhia rau cov kev kho nqi lus ntawm pej xeem cov cai. Tom qab ntawd, rau nws, "muab kev kho mob" pawg ntawm lub Soviet Group ntawm Rog nyob rau hauv lub GDR Semenov. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm rau caum-ib nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog teb chaws Europe. Lub Soviet Union officially tso kav lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm Ulbricht. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, US cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv West Berlin. Nws pib ib tug loj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub German capital cia li ib tug ob peb meters los ntawm txhua lwm yam muaj tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub USSR thiab lub teb chaws USA. Nce ndlwg ntawm fugitives nyob rau hauv West lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj tsuas yog ib unclosed ciam teb hla point. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav dissociate nws tus kheej los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws koom pheej uas Yelemees, thaum lub Socialist tsoom fwv tshwm sim phab ntsa erection txoj kev npaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Berlin. Qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tus Valter Ulbriht. Diam duab ntawm cov phab ntsa, uas pib rau nrawm nroos tebchaws thib kaum peb ntawm lub yim hli ntuj, mus nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb xov xwm.

phab ntsa Ulbricht

Tom qab qhov kev siv ntawm cov phab ntsa pib ib tug tshiab era rau cov nom tswv lub neej ntawm lub GDR. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm cov tshiab economic txoj cai tau tsim. Muaj ntau hu ua nationalized tuam txhab uas muag tau koom nyob rau hauv ib tug sawv cev. Tom qab lub kho ntawm cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv teb chaws East Germany tau stabilized. Txawm li cas los, Moscow lub credibility twb undermined los ntawm Walter. Cov neeg saum toj no nws feem ntau joked. Muaj ntau txoj kev tso dag thiab nicknames Leipzig luag thuam nws luag Iwm haiv neeg thiab kev siv cov lus-cab Walter.

Decree ntawm lub Presidium ntawm lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR Lub rau hli ntuj 29, 1963, rau nws tus kheej pab mus rau lub sib ntaus tawm tsam fascism thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog thiab nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov 70th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm Ulbricht Walter twb muab tsub lub title Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin thiab puav pheej "Kub Star" .

Nyob rau hauv lub xya caum-thawj xyoo, Brezhnev tus kheej uas cog noob tus resignation ntawm Ulbricht. Tom qab ob peb tus kheej sib tham nrog tus Secretary General nug hais tias tus tom kawg 's tsum. Tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo 1973 tuag, Walter Ulbricht. GDR lom zem ntau tshuav nws lub neej rau txoj cai no. Nws cov teb chaws txoj kev loj hlob thiab cov kev cai rau lub xyoo yuav tuaj.

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