Tsim, Zaj dabneeg
Voronezh liberation ntawm Nazi invaders
Lub zog thiab lub siab tawv ntawm lub Soviet neeg yeej lub feem ntau txaus ntshai tsov rog ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Lawv feat yog txhua hnub nyob rau hauv, nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, nyob rau hauv lub teb, nyob rau hauv lub partisan forests thiab swamps. Nplooj ntawv Keeb kwm ntawm lub Great Patriotic erased los ntawm cov neeg 's puas, qhov no muaj txhawb rau ib thaj yeeb lub sij hawm thiab lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo tshem ntawm lub heroic tiam. Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab kis rau yav tom ntej ntau tiam neeg cov zaj lus qhia ua siab tawv qhawv thiab lub scale ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm cov neeg. Lub Siege ntawm Leningrad, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, lub liberation ntawm Voronezh thiab txhua txhua sib ntaus sib tua uas tsov ua rog, uas pab yeej nti ntawm lub teb chaws nrog lawv lub neej.
Qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej
Lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1942 yog rau cov Germans ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm ntawm rov qab teg num nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Ib tug loj pab pawg neeg ntawm pab tub rog twb sim nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb kev taw qhia (Leningrad), lossis loj losses nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow heev tempered lub ardor ntawm Hitler thiab coj nws lub hom phiaj mus ntes hluav taws xob Soviet Union mus rau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus. Tam sim no, txhua txhua tub rog lag luam yog ua tib zoo npaj, ua ib tug regrouping ntawm pab tub rog, thiab npaj kev rau cov mov thiab lub koom haum ntawm rear kev pab. Nazi atrocities nyob rau hauv lub nyob ib cheeb tsam tau do li ib nthwv dej ntawm guerrilla taw thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yeeb ncuab pab pawg neeg tsis xav tias kev ruaj ntseg kiag. Kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub mov ntawm pua pua ntawm derailed tsheb nrog manpower thiab cov khoom siv, kom puas tsuaj ntawm cov me me German units, cov kev hloov ntawm txoj kev ntse koog li niaj zaus ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog zoo heev mloog lub invaders. Yog li ntawd, lub lag luam "Blau" (nyob rau sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej) yog tsim kev noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov tau scenarios, tab sis txawm nrog xws li ib tug competent xaiv yaam mus kom ze, cov Nazis tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub persistence thiab siab tawv ntawm lub defenders ntawm Voronezh. Qhov no ancient Lavxias teb sab nroog sawv nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm Hitler, tab sis nws capture thiab kev puas tsuaj, raws li cov Germans, tsis yuav tsum tau ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm lub sij hawm. Ntau tsab rau lawv yog qhov kawg sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Voronezh. Zam nws siab tiav raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1943, lub active offensive ua hauj lwm, tab sis nws tseem "unconquered."
Tshiab lub hom phaj ntawm Hitler
Vim lub loj ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog units ntawm lub Germans ntsib ib lub mov teeb meem. Cov tub rog yog lossi nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom noj, khaub ncaws thiab roj. Mus rau replenish yuav tsum tau cov kev pab los luj, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tus capture ntawm lub Caucasus yuav tau txiav txim siab nrog cov roj thiab lub zog kev pab ntawm qhov teeb meem, tab sis cov Soviet hais kom ua rau Hitler lub hom phiaj yog kom meej, ces tus sab hnub tuaj feeb meej loj rog kuj. Cov hla kev ntawm lub Don dej, taug kev los ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tub rog raws li nyob rau hauv Voronezh, yuav tso cai rau cov Nazis rau kev lub lag luam ntse "Blau" thiab tsim ib tug tag nrho-scale ua phem rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Stalingrad. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj coj ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1942 qhov loj loj rog ntawm lub fascist pab tub rog twb concentrated. Ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov motorized cov pob qij txha thiab 35-40% ntawm cov infantry kev sib cais kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-German pem hauv ntej, muab tso rau pem nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm los mus siv lub Fuhrer tus npau suav ntawm capturing tus Caucasus. Lub rau hli ntuj 28, 1942 qhov Germans launched lag luam "Blau", uas yog thwarted los ntawm Soviet troops ntawm Stalingrad thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Voronezh. Liberation ntawm lub Nazis tos Kursk, Orel, uas raug ntes thaum lub sij hawm nres rau ntawm Moscow.
Cov ua phem rau Voronezh
Txij thaum pib ntawm tsov rog Voronezh, zoo li tag nrho cov lub zos ntawm cov USSR, nws twb pauv mus rau cov tub rog teeb meem no. , A loj mobilization, ntau thiab ntau qhauj tau diverted rau cov tub rog cov khoom (ntau tshaj 100 cov khoom: .. IL-2 dav hlau, "Katyusha", armored, khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam), qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag tau evacuated mus rau lub rear. Voronezh twb npaj mus ua ib tug ua tau Nazi nres los ntawm sab hnub poob. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1942 peb pib intensive kev tso hoob pob uas rhuav tshem cov tram lem. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd nws yog tus tsuas yog daim ntawv kev thauj tau hauj lwm. Heev puas lub historic qhov chaw ntawm lub qub nroog ntawm Voronezh. Labor Liberation Street (hu ua Vvedenskaya) nrog lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov monastery poob ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cov keeb kwm monuments. Division PVO yog tsim tawm ntawm cov ntxhais uas nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej. Feem ntau cov nemobilizovannyh mus rau hauv pab tub rog cov txiv neej (cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov xib fwb, cov tub ntxhais kawm) mus rau lub militia, uas coj thawj tshuab thiab cov German tsov rog tshuab. Thaum cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov Voronezh pem hauv ntej kab ntev nws yog teeb meem loj, uas yog vim li cas lub German pab tub rog tsoo los ntawm tus tiv thaiv thiab ceev ceev tuaj mus rau lub nroog txwv. Nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 6, lub Germans hla tus Don thiab nkag mus hauv lub suburbs ntawm Voronezh. Rau ntawm no theem, cov German generals zoo siab hlo qhia lub capture ntawm lub nroog, lawv tsis xav tias yuav hais tias tag nrho ntes nws lawv tsis tau zoo. Lub liberation ntawm Voronezh Lub ib hlis ntuj 25, 1943 yog vim muaj ib tug xob bridgeheads muaj tag nrho cov Soviet tsov rog kws muaj txuj ci. By lub sij hawm ntawm tshwm sim ntawm cov Nazis nyob rau hauv lub nroog feem ntau ntawm nws twb puas lawm by bombing, hlawv tsev, factories. Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam kev mob, nqa tawm ib tug loj khiav tawm ntawm cov pejxeem, lub tsev kho mob, cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm lub cuab tam ntawm muaj Enterprises, lub export ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab kev cai qhov tseem ceeb.
pem hauv ntej kab
tiv thaiv
Nyob rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 4, 1942 tsiv battles tau tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm lub nroog. Ob peb units ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog, tub ceev xwm, tuaj pab dawb, ib feem ntawm cov NKVD, lub anti-aircraft Gunners ua nyob rau hauv Voronezh nroog centre. Siv raws li ib tug cover lub nroog lub tsev, lawv hla mus rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab ua puas lub Nazis. Cov hla kev twb nqa tawm nrog loj heev artillery kev txhawb nqa, uas twb tsau nyob rau sab laug bank. Fighters ntawm cov hav dej rushed tam sim ntawd mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv cov superior rog ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, uas muaj lub zoo dua ntawm qhov chaw. Txoj cai Bank yog es ntxhab, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau lub zog ntawm chav nyob. Xav ua kom tau ua siab loj ntawm cov neeg ua nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 6-7, kev sib tua mus rau hauv txoj kev: Pomyalovsky, Stepan Razin, kiv puag ncig Avenue, Nikitinskaya, Engels, Dzerzhinsky, Liberation of Labor. Voronezh tsis zwm rau lub invaders, tab sis yuav tsum tau nres lub offensive, nqa ntau heev ntawm lub losses thaum lub sij hawm hla kev. Tseem muaj sia nyob cov tub rog rov qab los mus rau sab laug bank Lub Xya hli ntuj 10, lawv hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov defensive txaus qhia thiab npaj rau tom ntej no tshwm sim los ntawm lub bridgeheads. Voronezh liberation pib nrog lub hnub ntawm pib thiab ntawd kub ntev li xya ntev lub hlis.
Kub me ntsis rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia
Lub liberation ntawm Voronezh txuas ntxiv, rau sab laug bank kab kws muaj txuj ci muaj nyob rau rov qab tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm capturing tag nrho lub zos. Offensive ua hauj lwm tsis tu, reinforcements tuaj, thiab Soviet pab tub rog raws li nyob rau hauv lub nroog txuas ntxiv mus rhuav tshem cov Nazis. Lub pem hauv ntej kab tau hloov ob peb zaug ib hnub twg, tus tawm tsam yog rau txhua peb lub hlis twg, txoj kev, lub tsev. German tank thiab infantry kev sib cais pheej sim mus hla cov dej Voronezh. Lub liberation ntawm sab laug bank ntawm tus tiv thaiv yog tus nyob rau conquest ntawm lub nroog, nws tuav. Otrozhenskie choj hla Semiluksky raug tas mus li shelling, bombing thiab tank tawm tsam. Defenders yog tsis cia li tiv thaiv rau tus tuag, lawv rov qab los puas lug rau hauv hluav taws thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam. Nrog kev cai lij choj ntug dej tom qab lub counterattacks los ntawm cov Nazis thau Soviet pab tub rog, nqa cov raug mob, cov neeg tawg rog nyob, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub Germans sim mus tua los yog mus rau maj khiav sab. Hla tus dej Voronezh ua tsis tau tejyam thiab lub railway choj, lub Soviet cov tub rog, paub hais tias rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm yuav tsis tau muaj cov onslaught ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, wedged choj kub muaj pes tsawg leeg. Thaum hmo ntuj, lub hauv paus saib ntsoov txog twb mined thiab tshuab mus. Voronezh liberation ntawm Nazi invaders yog vim mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug foothold, uas yuav vam khom rau tus attacking sab ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Tuav cia tus nqi ntawm lawv tus kheej lub neej txoj haujlwm rau Chizhovka thiab nyob rau hauv Shilovo, cov tub rog puas lawm loj yeeb ncuab pawg. Cov staging chaw yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai-bank ib feem ntawm lub nroog, lub Germans muaj kev tswj kom tau ib tug foothold rau lawv thiab muab zog kuj. Chizhovka cov tub rog hu ua "hav ntawm txoj kev tuag", tab sis capturing thiab tuav nws, deprived lub Germans xaiv yaam zoo dua, khi lawv ua nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub nroog.
Lub yim hli ntuj, Cuaj hlis 42
Tsausmuag clashes coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob thiab nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Koog tsev kawm ntawv nroog Park thiab Agricultural lub koom haum laws ntawv tau cov nrog cov mos txwv thiab zoo li, txhua daim teb soaked nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm Soviet cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv rau cov liberation ntawm Voronezh. Duab qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog hwjchim ci ntsa iab muaj khaws cia tag nrho cov teev thiab kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm kev sib tua. Tim khawv thiab monument ntawm lub hnub yog lub Rotunda (Showroom phais department), yog ib lub xwb tseem muaj sia nyob tsev nyob rau hauv lub regional tsev kho mob. Lub Germans tau ua txhua lub cev nyob rau hauv ib tug fortified emplacement, uas ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua rau Soviet cov tub rog mus ntes tus leeg ib qho tseem ceeb kwv. Skirmishes txuas ntxiv rau lub hlis, lawv tshwm sim yog lub stabilization ntawm pem hauv ntej kab, qhov Germans raug yuam kom thim rov qab. Lub liberation ntawm Voronezh, nws txoj cai bank, ntawd kub ntev li 212 hnub thiab hmo. Sib ntaus sib tua mus rau nyob rau hauv lub nroog, nws suburbs, nyob rau hauv cov zej zog thoob plaws qhov ntev ntawm lub hav dej.
Voronezh liberation ntawm Nazi invaders
"Lag luam me me Saturn" twb ua tib zoo npaj thiab npaj los ntawm tus Soviet hais kom ua. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev tsov kev rog, nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li "Stalingrad nyob rau Don", nws ua zoo heev thawj coj tub rog: P. S. Rybalko, G. K. Zhukov, Vasilevskiy A. M., K. S. Moskalenko, I. D. Chernyahovsky, F. Golikov. Thawj offensive txiav txim ua nrog rau qhov bridgeheads, uas tau txais kev pab rau regroup chav nyob thiab nyob twj ywm tag nrho surround lug nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua. Lub liberation ntawm Voronezh rau Lub ib hlis ntuj 25 yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Voronezh (Lub ib hlis ntuj 24, 1943 - Lub ob hlis ntuj 2). 60th Army nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Ivan Chernyakhovsky yuav lub nroog thiab ntxuav nws kiag li los ntawm koj tus nrog sib ntaus daim. Soviet tub rog ua yuam cov Nazis kom khiav lub nroog, tawm hauv lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej mus puag ncig lub Germans sim kom muaj kev sib ntaus los npaj chav nyob ntawm cov tub rog. Long, exhausting battles nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog tau significantly txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov German rog thiab undermined nws sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xov xwm 26. 01. '43 tsis nyuaj cov lus nram qab: raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub offensive rog ntawm lub Soviet troops ntawm lub Voronezh thiab Bryansk fronts yog tus liberation ntawm Voronezh Lub ib hlis ntuj 25, 1943. Cov duab thiab cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm lub hnub muaj kev cuam tshuam cov unprecedented scale ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Lub nroog tau tag pov tseg, nws cov inhabitants, los yog sab laug, los yog raug tua los ntawm cov Nazis. Nyob rau hauv ruins ntawm qhov seem uas tsev nws yog li ntawd nyob ntsiag to hais tias cov neeg tuav tau los ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm nws tus kheej footsteps.
kev puas tsuaj
Hitler Voronezh twb yuav tsum tau raws li ib tug yooj yim springboard rau ntxiv offensives nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj. Germans txeeb tau lub nroog thiab yuav tsis, yog li ntawd, thaum lub commencement ntawm txoj cai-bank ib feem uas lawv tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau tag nrho cov tseem muaj sia nyob tsuas siab vaj tse. Haib explosions puas lawm puas, lub koom txoos, lub Palace ntawm Tho, cov thawj tswj lub hom phiaj lub tsev. Tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis nyob rau hauv lub nroog, raug coj mus rau sab hnub poob, nrog rau ib tug bronze monument rau Petus 1 thiab Lenin. Housing twb puas lawm by 96%, cov kab tram thiab hwj chim kav yuav raug puas tsuaj, kev sib txuas lus tsis tau hauj lwm. Lub historic nroog centre nrog nws ntoo vaj tse hlawv pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm lub bombing, pob zeb thiab cib vaj tse, Hoobkas khw nyob rau hauv ruins, fortified rau kev tiv thaiv. Hitler sau tias Voronezh wiped tawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv nws tsis tiav rov qab yuav muab 50-70 xyoo, nws yog txaus siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim. Rov qab los ntawm kev khiav tawm civilians tsim kho lub nroog cia cib los ntawm cib, muaj ntau lub tsev raug mined, uas ua rau pej xeem casualties. Voronezh yog cov 15 feem ntau muab rhuav pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic tsov rog ntawm lub zos. Nyob rau nws rov qab tshwj xeeb tsim tej kev cai ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv raug xaiv. Voronezh tsis tau surrendered mus rau lub Germans thiab ua kom puas, nws imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev tsov rog, qhov loj graves them nrog lawv defenders, tab sis yog tseem ciaj sia thiab loj hlob.
Tus nqi rau cov pem hauv ntej
Division tiv thaiv Voronezh, nqa tawm nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb paub tab. Lawv khi ib tug loj pawg ntawm yeeb ncuab pab tub rog, uas tau sau tsis tau tsuas yog cov German sab, tab sis kuj nws cov phoojywg nyob rau hauv no kev tsov kev rog. Italian, Hungarian cov tub rog yeej thaum lub sij hawm lub offensive nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Voronezh. Tom qab xws li ib tug yeej ntawm Hungary (tsis paub txog thaum lub hnub ntawm loj-scale losses) tuaj tawm ntawm lub alliance nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj pem hauv ntej. Voronezh defenders them Moscow thiab defended qhov tsim nyog teb chaws thauj network nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb kev taw qhia. defenders ntawm lub nroog twb tsis tau tso cai rau Hitler mus txeeb nws nyob rau hauv ib zaug, thiab kos tawm ib feem ntawm cov pab pawg neeg uas yuav tsum tawm ntawm Stalingrad. Nyob rau hauv Voronezh kev taw qhia 25 German kev sib cais tau puas lawm, ntau tshaj 75 txhiab tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm muab. Thaum lub fascist txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab lub nroog loj massacres ntawm lub pej xeem pej xeem tau coj mus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm guerrilla zog. Tom qab lub liberation ntawm cov chav nyob tuaj koom lub koog li niaj zaus ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Liberation hnub Voronezh los ua rau ntau lab tus tib neeg tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej, tab sis kuj pib ntawm ib tug zoo kawg tswv yim ua hauj lwm. Txum Tim Rov Qab ntawm lub nroog demanded tias lub inhabitants ntawm tshiab feats, tab sis los ntawm 1945, "Unconquered" lub neej yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias.
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