Version ntawm Ubuntu: ib tug txheej txheem cej luam, cov nta, views thiab xyuas. Yuav ua li cas paub version ntawm Ubuntu?

Ubuntu tawm tshwm sim txhua txhua rau lub hlis los ntawm Ltd - tus thawj tsim tawm. Txhua tshiab version ntawm "Ubuntu", nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub npe, siv lub xyoo thiab lub hli ntawm tso tawm raws li nws cov serial tooj. Tus thawj tso tawm ntawm lub plhaub, piv txwv li, hu ua Ubuntu 4.10 thiab tau tso tawm rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 20, 2004. Li ntawd, cov naj npawb rau yav tom ntej versions yog provisional; Yog hais tias qhov kev tso tawm yog ncua kom txog thaum lub lwm yam lub hlis (los yog txawm xyoo) nrog rau kev hwm mus lub tswv yim npaj, lub tsev xov tooj yuav hloov raws li.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus tawm?

Ubuntu version feeb ceev mus rau lub GNOME tawm (txog ib lub hlis), uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab kwv yees li ib lub hlis tom qab tawm ntawm X.Org. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txhua "Ubuntu" qhov teeb meem tuaj ib tug tshiab version ntawm GNOME thiab X.

Txhua plaub tsab los tawm nyob rau hauv lub quarter thib ob ntawm txhua txawm-suav xyoo, ua raws li ib lub tsev nrog ntev-lub sij hawm them nyiaj yug. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov kev faib tawm OS evolve thiab tau txais tshiab rau tsib lub xyoos thiab muaj kev them nyiaj yug los ntawm Canonical Ltd. Cov no muaj xws versions ntawm Ubuntu 6,06, 8.04, 10,04, 12,04, 14.04 thiab 16,04. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov distributions uas tau tso tawm rau "Ubuntu 12,04?" tsuas txaus siab rau tsuas yog peb lub xyoos.

Lwm yam versions muab ua ntej 13,04 feem ntau khaws cia rau 18 lub hlis, thiab feem ntau tsis poob tawm ntawm hnub ua ntej lub tom ntej no "ntev-playing" tis. Uas hloov, txawm li cas los, txij li thaum Ubuntu13.04 - kev pab txhawb nqa lub sij hawm tau raug txo los ntawm ib nrab, rau 9 lub hlis.

Uas version ntawm Ubuntu yog qhov tseeb?

Rau hnub tim, qhov tseeb tso tawm ntawm no OS yog Ubuntu 16,04 LTS Xenial Xerus. Lub kaum hli ntuj 21, 2015 lub developers tshaj tawm hais tias Ubuntu 16.04 LTS yuav tsum tau hu ua XenialXerus, los yog "phooj ywg av nas." Qhov no plhaub tawm nyob rau hnub tim 21 2016 thiab tam sim ntawd menyuam los ntawm cov kws txawj. Yuav ua li cas yuav koj piav txog nws?

Lub neej ntawd desktop chaw tseem nyob li qub - kev sib sau 7, nrog rau qhov kev xaiv yuav tau upgrade rau version 8 tso tawm ntxiv kev pab txhawb nqa rau cephalometric thiab ZFS-cov ntaub ntawv systems, LXD-hypervisor (siv Seccomp) rau lub OpenStack, raws li zoo raws li cov nyiaj them yug Snappy tej pob khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub operating system siv Systemd es tsis txhob upstart raws li ib tug system initialization.

Qhov kev tso cai hloov lub Ubuntu Software Center nrog GNOME Software software, raws li zoo raws li tshem tawm cov disadvantages ntawm cov ISO ntaub ntawv. Raws li nram no los ntawm cov lus ntawm cov kws txawj, Ubuntu Software Center yog ib tug phem kev ntsuas rau ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm. Tus tam sim no hloov tshiab tau zoo heev zoo dua lub "Ubuntu" rau txhua tus neeg siv.

Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev yog tias Ubuntu 16,04 LTS tsis txhawb cov AMD Catalyst (fglrx) tsav tsheb rau AMD / ATI graphics phaib, thiab es tsis txhob xav free software amdgpu Radeon. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum lawv yuav tsis muab cov pom graphics kev kawm.

Tus thawj kev tso tawm ntawm no version ntawm Ubuntu - 16.04.1 - yuav tsum muaj rau tag nrho cov neeg nrog lub Xya hli ntuj 21, 2016.

Tom ntej no yuav tsum tso tawm ntawm "Ubuntu"

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 21, 2016 nws tau tshaj tawm tias Ubuntu 16.10 yuav tsum tau hu ua Yakkety Yak, thiab cov version yuav raug tso tawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 20, 2016. Qhov kev tso cai no yuav muaj kev sib sau 7, tab sis yuav muaj ib tug xaiv ntawm version 8, muaj nyob rau hauv ISO version tso cai rau cov neeg siv kom txhais tau lawv tus kheej. Lwm yam tshaj tawm kev txhim kho muaj xws li ib tug tshiab version ntawm software Ubuntu software, uas yuav txhawb sai downloads, zoo dua them nyiaj yug rau lub installation hais kom ua kab (tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv sau npe tsis muaj ib tug GUI), them nyiaj yug rau lub installation ntawm fonts thiab multimedia codecs, raws li zoo raws li zoo nce qib them nyiaj daim ntaub ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas kuv thiaj paub Ubuntu version rau koj ntaus ntawv?

Tej zaum cov neeg siv tsis nco qab raws nraim uas version ntawm Ubuntu khiav rau lawv ntaus. Yuav kom nrhiav tau tawm nws tsis siv sij hawm ntau. Nida yuav tau piav li cas ua li no los ntawm qhov hais kom ua kab thiab graphical neeg siv interface.

Kos rau lub version ntawm "Ubuntu" los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg

Qhov no txoj kev yuav ua hauj lwm tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi version ntawm lub OS thiab dab tsi desktop chaw koj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Ubuntu Linux. Lavxias teb sab version by ib daim tshev nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev.

Ua ntej, qhib ib tug davhlau ya nyob twg. Yog hais tias koj siv kev sib sau los yog lwm yam graphical neeg siv interface, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib daim ntawv thov hu ua Terminal nyob rau hauv Launchpad.

Thaum koj qhib ib tug hais kom sai li sai tau, muaj yog ib tug yooj yim hais kom ua uas koj yuav siv los nrhiav tau koj version of "Ubuntu" .Cov hais kom yog raws li nram no: lsb_release piv.

Tom qab hais tias, cov kab yuav tso saib cov lus qhia txog koj qhov system operating, xws li lub tsev chav tsev.

Xyuas cov version ntawm Ubuntu nrog kev sib sau

Yog hais tias koj siv kev sib sau, cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog heev yooj yim zog. Yuav pib, mus rau "lawv nyiam" los ntawm lub desktop, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab zaub mov ntawm kev sib sau. Koj yuav tau mus rau "System tej chaw" nyob rau hauv lub Launchpad kev sib sau, yog hais tias nws yog yooj yim rau koj. Yuav ua li cas mus saib hauv lub version Ubuntu nyob rau hauv no yav tas?

System chaw ntawv qhia zaub mov yog ib ke txoj kev uas yuav ua tau ntau zog ntawm cov kab hais kom ncaj qha los ntawm lub GUI. Ntxiv rau cov neeg mus nruab tshiab, lub sij hawm kev hloov, thiab yog li rau - nws yuav tag nrho yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov. Nyem rau ntawm qhov "Ntau" tab nyob rau hauv "lawv nyiam."

Yog li ntawd koj yuav tso tau saib tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov version ntawm "Ubuntu" uas koj siv. Qhov no yog ib qhov chaw zoo mus tsis tau tsuas yog saib cov lus qhia txog cov naj npawb ntawm cov kev khiav hauj lwm systems, tab sis kuj yuav nrhiav tau tawm ntau npaum li cas nco yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub ntaus ntawv, dab tsi yog koj CPU hom (CPU) thiab cov GPU (graphics), raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hard disk.

Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias koj xav tau tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm koj Linux Ubuntu version (piv txwv li, «14.04.3 LTS», thiab tsis yog «14.04 LTS»), koj yuav tsum tau siv qhov hais kom ua kab txoj kev piav saum toj no. Cov graphical interface yuav pab tsis tau koj.

Yuav ua li cas los mus hloov cov "Ubuntu" rau tus tom ntej version

Feem ntau cov neeg xav tias lawv pab kiag li lawm tau tshiab thiab tseem ceeb rau lub hnub tam sim no OS. Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus txawj tej yam ntxiv version ntawm Ubuntu?

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua yam kev txawj tej yam ntxiv txuam nrog loj operating system tawm, yog ib tug uas yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, cov ntaub ntawv poob los yog tsis hnov software configuration. Kev thaub qab thiab nws kim heev kev soj ntsuam no mas pom zoo nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, txawm hais tias koj yog ib tug tshaj cov neeg siv.

Hauv qab no muab tutorial assumes uas koj ntaus ntawv yog khiav ntawm Ubuntu 15,10, configured nrog sudo-cai rau kev tswj kev pab raws qib.

Txawm muaj coob systems yuav tsum muab kho instantly tsis muaj tej teeb meem, kev ruaj ntseg tov yuav mus rau cov khau raj cov ntaub ntawv, lub tshiab version, nruab nws los ntawm kos thiab configure cov kev pab cuam nrog ceev faj soj ntsuam thiab ntshuam ntawm daim ntawv thov cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib kauj ruam.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej upgrading?

Nco ntsoov hais tias cov tsev qiv ntawv, hom lus thiab system kev pab tej zaum yuav hloov ho. Nyob rau hauv Ubuntu 16,04 qhov tseem ceeb kev hloov piv nrog rau yav tas los LTS tso tawm, uas muaj xws li cov kev hloov mus rau ib tug initialization es tsis txhob upstart Systemd system, thiab ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau cov nyiaj them rau nab hab sej 3 thiab 7 xwb ntawm PHP PHP 5.

Ua ntej cov tswv yim mus rau ib tug loj txawj tej yam ntxiv nyob rau hauv tej system, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tsis txhob poob ntaub ntawv yog hais tias tus update mus tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav ua tau lub hom phiaj no - mus ua ib tug thaub qab ntawm lub tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kaw. Siv Cov dej hiav txwv droplet, koj siv tau cov nyuaj mus kom ze - tig tawm lub cev thiab ua rau nws saib.

Ua ntej koj yuav hloov qhov kev tso tawm, tus tov tshaj plaws yog rau nruab qhov tseeb versions ntawm tag nrho cov pob khoom rau tam sim no version. Pib nrog ib daim ntawv teev kev pab packs: sudo hloov tshiab APT-Tau.

Koj yuav tsum tau qhia ib daim ntawv teev cov tshiab uas yuav ua tau. Xaiv "Yes" thiab nias sau. Qhov no txoj kev yuav siv tej lub sij hawm. Thaum nws kawm tiav, siv lub Dist-txawj tej yam ntxiv, uas yuav ua tau tshiab uas muaj feem rau configuration hloov, qhov sib ntxiv los yog kev tshem tawm ntawm tej pob khoom tshiab raws li xav tau. Tag nrho cov system queries teb "yes" thiab tos rau tus txheej txheem kom tiav.

Tam sim no uas koj muaj qhov tseeb tshiab rau Ubuntu 15,10, koj yuav hloov lub OS rau versiyu16.04. Download cuab tam rau cov "Ubuntu" tshiab. Ua li no, khiav rau nram qab hais kom ua: sudo apt-get hloov tshiab.

Feeb Debian tawm tau muab lub tau ntawm extension los hloov /etc/apt/sources.list APT, uas txhais tau tias cov pob repositories. Ubuntu yog tseem ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Debian, yog li tus txheej txheem yuav tseem ua hauj lwm tsis muaj teeb meem. Es tsis txhob, txawm li cas los, nws yog ntshaw kom siv lub cuab tam yog muab los ntawm "Ubuntu" peb tes num, uas dab tag nrho cov tshev mis rau cov tshiab version muab hloov tshiab lub sources.list, thiab kuj ua lwm yam kev pab raws qib. Nws yog officially pom zoo txoj kev uas yuav hloov lub neeg rau zaub mov yuav tsum tau tua dua ib tug tej thaj chaw deb kev twb kev txuas.

Pib los ntawm khiav cov kev hloov tshiab tsis muaj kev xaiv: sudo apt-mus dist-txawj tej yam ntxiv.

Yog hais tias koj muaj kev cob cog rau koj lub cev ntawm SSH (feem ntau yuav, koj muaj ib tug Digital dej hiav txwv droplet), koj yuav raug nug hais tias koj xav mus ntxiv. Thaum qhov hais kom ua sai li sai tau, hom Y thiab nias sau mus ntxiv.

Tom ntej no, tej zaum koj yuav alerted hais tias cov nkag daim iav tau pom. Nyob rau Digital dej hiav txwv system, koj yuav tau xyuam xim las mees ntawv ceeb toom no thiab mus txuas ntxiv txawj tej yam ntxiv raws li ib tug hauv zos daim iav ntawm 16,04 yog ua tau muaj.

Koj yuav nug "Koj puas xav mus overwrite 'sources.list' cov ntaub ntawv '? Yog hais tias koj xaiv "Yes", yuav muaj ib tug tag nrho cov kev hloov tshiab ntawm qhov operating system. Yog hais tias koj xaiv "Tsis muaj" cov kev hloov tshiab yuav raug muab tso tseg.

Tom qab cov tshiab pob npe downloaded thiab ntsuam xyuas qhov kev hloov, koj yuav tsum tau sim hawm caij nyoog yuav pib cov kev hloov tshiab. Xovxwm Y, ces mus txuas ntxiv.

chaw thau khoom

Txhim kho ib qho hloov tshiab yuav siv li ob peb teev. Tom qab lub download txheej txheem yuav tsis tau lawm os.

Tom qab tej pob khoom tshiab tau ua kom tiav koj installation, koj nug hais tias koj npaj txhij rau tshem tawm lawm pob. Thaum qhov hais kom ua sai li sai tau tsis muaj neeg siv configuration, txoj kev ua no yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nyem "yes". Yog hais tias koj hloov tag nrho koj cov system mus rau ib tug loj raws li, koj yuav tau sau d mus xyuas daim ntawv teev cov tej pob khoom uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.

Thaum kawg, yog tias tag nrho cov mus zoo, koj yuav tsum tau paub hais tias cov kev hloov tshiab yog ua kom tiav thiab ib tug reboot yog yuav tsum tau. Sau Y mus ntxiv.

tiav

Tos tus computer rau khau raj dua thiab reconnect. Thaum lub system khau looj plab hlaub, koj yuav tsum pom cov lus paub qhia meej tias koj raug tsiv mus rau Xenial Xerus Ubuntu (ruaj khov version nrog kev pab).

Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau teem ib lub ua hauj lwm installation ntawm Ubuntu 16,04. Tej zaum, koj yuav tau mus tshawb qhov tsim nyog configuration hloov thiab deployed daim ntaub ntawv kev pab.