Txhab av nplaum thaiv: yam ntxwv, qhov ntev, nqi. Siv cov kev faib qhob thaiv

Tsev ntaub ntawv nrog txhua lub xyoo ntau thiab ntau zoo tag nrho. Qhov no yog dictated los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau kom txhob muaj tus nqi thiab kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm vaj tse. Thaiv txhab av nplaum - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov vaj tse. Cov khoom no yog heev nrov, vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov zoo.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib ntu?

Nthuav lub caij muaj ob peb kiag li ntuj thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb lub Cheebtsam, raug rho tawm haujlwm av nplaum, xuab zeb, dej thiab xis mas. Nws yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tsawg-sawv vaj tse. Thov xws ntaub ntawv yuav ua tau zoo qhov twg, tsis hais txog ntawm lub climatic tej yam kev mob.

qhob nris yuav muaj ib tug txawv cov duab thiab loj. Piv txwv li, lub qhov siab ntawm lub caij yog hom twg los ntawm 19 mus rau 24 cm, dav - los ntawm 7 mus rau 50 cm, ntev -. 12 mus rau 45 cm nyob rau hauv lub thaiv txhab av nplaum tau voids yog muab los ntawm uas cov lightness thiab tshav kub insulating khoom teejtug uas yog lub caij. Txoj kev sai thiab yooj yim installation rau txhua yam khoom muaj xws li cov nyob ntawm grooves thiab ridges.

cov ntaub ntawv uas cov kev pab cuam

Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog, yog dab tsi zoo muaj ib ntu ntawm txhab av nplaum. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav highlight qhov zoo yog muab los ntawm cov khoom:

1. Cov uas tsis muaj theem ntawm thermal conductivity. Hais tias yog, tus blocks pom tau hais tias ua tau ib tug zoo heev insulator, uas yog tau khaws thaum tshav kub kub nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev.

2. Ib tug txaus high degree ntawm lub dag lub zog.

3. Ib tug zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev. Yog li ntawd, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav siv tau rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev, uas yuav tsum tau nyob ze tibneeg hu tauj coob txoj kev.

4. teeb ceeb thawj. Qhov no kom zoo dua ua rau nws ua tau txawm kom lawv muaj ob-zaj dabneeg rau hauv av yog tsis muaj zog heev.

5. ceev thiab yooj yim ua.

Yuav kom 6. Kuj mus tshuaj, dej, kub hloov thiab lwm yam tsis zoo yam.

7. Cov aesthetic tsim.

8. paaj nqi.

9. Kuj kom cov hluav taws thiab rot.

10. Lub siab lub dag lub zog thiab durability.

11. Conference purity.

qhob nris loj tso cai rau nws yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov feem ntau txawv txawv vaj tse ntawm architecture. Thiab qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm "ua pa." Thiab qhov loj ntawm lub pob zeb ua thaiv ua rau nws tau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tsis zoo tau cov ntaub ntawv uas?

Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug ob peb drawbacks:

- High degree ntawm fragility. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog tsim nyog los siv blocks txhua yam rau cov me nyuam yaus thiab high-sawv lug.

- Tus me zog piv nrog rau lwm hom ntawm cov khoom.

Txawm li cas los, cov shortcomings yog yooj yim tshem tawm. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm zoo ua rau cov cov ntaub ntawv uas cov.

Hom ntawm qhob thaiv

Tam sim no nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog dab tsi hom ntawm cov khoom no yog. Qhov no yuav pab tau koj sai sai txiav txim cov kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Yog li, txhab av nplaum blocks, tus nqi yog hom twg los ntawm 0.25 mus 0,60 xees ib feem, tej zaum yuav:

1. Hollow. Nws muaj xws li ib tug tsis loj heev ceev ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua Cheebtsam. Siv xws blocks can rau cov kev siv thiab cov txij nkawm ntawm lub zog txuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

2. Ib tug tag nrho-bodied. Lawv muaj ib tug kev kub ceev. Tej yam zoo li yuav siv tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm load-tau cov kabmob lug, los yog qab daus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv no yuav mus rau hauv tus account yog ib tug zoo thermal thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev, kom zoo khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm stability.

kev yam ntxwv

Tej kev txua khoom muaj tej yam kev kev uas thov los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Lawv nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua. Yog hais tias koj xav pib qhov kev siv ntawm lub pob zeb ua thaiv, nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai mus rau nram qab no cov yam ntxwv:

- ceev: los ntawm 350 mus 1800 kg / m ^3.

- Frost: los ntawm 100 mus rau 500 mus.

- Compressive zog: 0.5 - 50 MN / m ^2.

- Qhov ntev: qhov siab - 138-188 hli, dav - 90-288 hli, ntev - 90-590 hli.

Thiab blocks tsis yog zaum.

cov ntaub ntawv uas nta

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov khoom hais yog heev nrov. Qhov no yog tag nrho cov vim lawv cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li:

- Thaum lub sij hawm installation zoo tsis muaj kev sib ntaus los. Thiab tom qab uas lub tsev yuav luag tso.

- Thaum cov kev ceev ntawm lub ntsiab, uas yog 600 kg / m ^{3 thiab} muab ib tug siab rwb thaiv tsev zoo masonry, nws yog tsim nyog tias thickness ntawd yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 50 cm.

- Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg kuj tsis tshua muaj pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa lined nrog qhob thaiv. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom muaj ib tug siab FLEXURAL zog.

- Vim qhov ridges thiab grooves cov khoom yog heev yooj yim rau nruab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tso puv muaj zog heev.

- Siv cov muab cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm tej lug, uas yuav tsis tau rhuab. Lub fact tias cov blocks muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj dej haum.

- Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yog siv tau. Uas yog vim li cas lub pob zeb ua thaiv lub tsev yog ua nce nrov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov kev siv yog txo ho.

Meej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas

Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cov khoom xa, koj yuav tsum tau ib tug heev me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas. Tag nrho cov uas yog tej yam ntuj tso, yog li tej kev ruaj ntseg cov khoom yog guaranteed los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Mus ua hauj lwm uas koj xav tau xuab zeb, MAAs, dej thiab txhab av nplaum (calcined av nplaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom me me). Ntxiv mus, ib qho tseem ceeb txog kev paub yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, rau khoom ntsiab coj qhob thaiv, uas tsis pub tshaj 2.1 cm, hollow - 0.5-1 cm.

Tag nrho lawm txoj kev muaj tej yam theem:

1. Kev npaj ntawm sib tov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov proportions.

2. Pouring rau hauv pwm thiab ramming sib tov.

3. muab cub blocks.

4. Kom Qhuav ntsiab. Nws yuav siv sij hawm txog 1-2 lub lis piam.

Nrog hais txog kev siv technology tshiab them nyiaj yug, koj tsis xav tau ib co kim heev cov khoom rau pob zeb ua thaiv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias nws yog ib tug zoo thiab zoo. Rau ntau lawm, koj muaj peev xwm yuav ib tug cia li kab. Yog hais tias koj tsis tau muaj nyiaj txaus rau nws, koj muaj peev xwm yuav ib tug ob peb tsim nyog cov cuab yeej: ib tug ntaus ntawv rau nws cov khoom xyaw, ib tug vibrating lub rooj rau compacting tshuaj, muab cub cub ntsiab. Thiab koj yuav tsum tau ib qho chaw mus rau qhuav lub tiav lawm blocks.

Nyob rau ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov kev siv technology tshiab kev cai ncaj qha nyob nyob rau theem ntawm cov khoom zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua cov ntaub ntawv check ntau, yuav muab ntxiv rau ib tug tov ntawm polystyrene (foamed).

Siv cov khoom siv no yuav ua tau rau qhov kev siv ntawm qab lawj, da, tsawg-sawv vaj tse, cov me nyuam yaus thiab hauv qab daus thaj chaw. Txij li thaum lub zus tau tej cov pob zeb ua thaiv yog tsis heev nyuab, nws muaj peev xwm npaj koj tus kheej.

Txoj kev ntawm stacking blocks

Yuav kom lub tsev muaj zog, thiab sawv rau ntau xyoo, nws yog tsim nyog los tsim kom raug. Lawm, cov raug units cia los mus ua kom lub erection sai sai thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis txoj kev ntawm stacking tsis tau paub tus nqi. Tsuas muaj ib tug ob peb:

1. Nyob rau hauv ib ntev nrog nyuam. Yog li rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov phab ntsa yog yuav tsum tau. Qhov no txoj kev yog zoo tagnrho rau qhov kev siv ntawm me me lug thiab da.

2. Lub thickness ntawm ib lub caij. Cov txheej sab ntawm cov phab ntsa nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog kev kawm mus rau rwb thaiv tsev thiab puab - plastering. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tsim kom tau nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev ua lag ua luam thaj chaw.

3. nyuam ntsiab thiab tej qhov chaw therebetween. Qhov chaw yuav tsum tau sau nrog insulated khoom. Nws yog txoj kev no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv rau qhov kev siv ntawm ntiag tug tsev thiab cottages.

tso technology

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, yog tsis muaj peculiarities. Teem lub ntsiab zoo ib yam li thiab bricks. Mus ua hauj lwm tsis yuav tsum tau muaj kev tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej. Nws yog tsim nyog los npaj tsuas yog tus theem roulette trowel, plumb, ib tug roj hmab rauj, thiab tej thawv rau cov tshuaj. Yuav kom ntxiv dag zog rau masonry yuav thov txhawb mesh.

Lawm, lub hauv paus rau ib tug tso yuav tsum twb yuav npaj thiab kws dlhos. Ntxiv tsa rau thawj kab ntawm blocks. Nws tau tso nws rau lub kaum sab xis. Qhov no tus xov tooj yog muab tso rau thiab waterproofing tov, lub thickness ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 30 cm.

Tom qab thawj txheej no tiav lawm, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo soj ntsuam theem. Cov blocks yuav tsum tau teem nrog offset nqaws. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev cia siab thiab lub zog ntawm cov phab ntsa. Vertical pob qij txha yuav ntxiv kho ib tug sib tov dawb paug. Vim lub grooves los ntawm lub slits yuav tsis tau.

Tshiav cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ib tug tshiab lub caij, es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug trowel. Qhov no yuav ua kom cov masonry ntau yam. Hais tias yog tag nrho cov nta ntawm qhob thaiv. Vim nws zoo, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem yuav nyob rau hauv coob.