Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Tus Arab lub teb chaws. Palestine, Jordan, Iraq
Cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no yog conditionally faib ua ob peb qhov chaw, yus muaj los ntawm ib co peculiarities. Western thiab Eastern, European thiab Arabic haiv neeg muaj lawv tus kheej geopolitical "losis tswvyim dabtsi." Niaj hnub no, lub sij hawm "Arab lub teb chaws" yog hais txog mus rau lub xeev, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas txawj hais lus Arabic.
Teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas
Kwm thiab kev cai yam ntxwv
Lub ntsiab constitutive caij ntawm tej Arab lub xeev yog cov lus thiab cov kab lis kev cai tsim rau nws cov hauv paus. Niaj hnub no, xws li ib tug kab lis kev cai yog qhib thiab raug lwm tus, xws li cov Indian, Mongolian, Andalusian. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntau tus los ntawm Western lig kev cai.
kev ntseeg
Nyob rau hauv lub as zej zog ib tug ntseeg zoo li Islam, ua ib tug dual lub luag hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws koom siab ua ke koom pheej nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem thiab nom tswv lub neej, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - yog qhov ua rau ntawm discord thiab txawm armed tsis sib haum ntawm UFW ntawm txawv currents tsis pub dhau. Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub as thiab lub teb chaws Muslim yog tsis zoo tib yam lub tswv yim. Muaj tsis muaj tag nrho cov Arab xeev Muslim, ib co txhij coexisted ob peb kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg ntuj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias twb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Muslim yog cov uas feem ntau ntawm cov neeg uas nyob yog tsis koom pheej.
Islam - ib tug haib kev cai zoo tshaj, vim uas, nrog rau cov lus, muaj ib tug kev sib sau ntawm cov Arab lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis nws kuj yuav sib faib thiab muab sawv mus ntshav kev tsov kev rog.
Arab lub teb chaws
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yog 23 Arab lub teb chaws, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog hais hauv qab no:
- Cov koom pheej ntawm Djibouti;
- Koom pheej ntawm Algeria;
- Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Bahrain;
- Kingdom ntawm Jordan;
- As koom pheej uas tim lyiv teb chaws;
- Koom pheej ntawm Yemen;
- Cov koom pheej ntawm Iraq;
- Lebanese koom pheej;
- Union ntawm lub Comoros;
- State of Kuwait;
- Lub Xeev Qatar;
- Syrian Arab koom pheej;
- State of Libya;
- Lub Islamic koom pheej ntawm Mauritania;
- Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Morocco;
- Teb chaws As-lam kuj Emirates (UAE) ;
- Oman;
- Saudi Arabia;
- Cov koom pheej ntawm South Sudan;
- Lub tseem fwv koom pheej ntawm Somalia;
- Koom pheej ntawm Tunisia;
- Sahrawi as koom pheej ywj pheej (Western Sahara);
- Autonomous cheeb tsam ntawm Palexatais teb chaws.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsis yog txhua lub teb chaws Arab, daim ntawv teev cov uas yog qhia, lwm lub xeev yuav pom tau hais tias. Yog li, lub Sahrawi as koom pheej ywj pheej tsis yog ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub League ntawm as States (Las), officially lees paub tias tsuas muaj tsib caug lub teb chaws. Lub Moroccan cov tub ceev xwm muaj tswj feem ntau ntawm nws lub teb chaws.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hauv lub xeev ntawm Palestine, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub as League, 129 lees paub tias lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no, qhov ob tsis muaj ib qho ciam teb chaw: lub Gaza Sawb thiab sab hnub poob Bank.
Arab lub teb chaws ib thaj nyuag muab faib ua peb pawg loj:
- African (Maghreb);
- cov pos hniav;
- Eastern Mediterranean.
Ib tug nyuag saib txhua ntawm lawv.
Arab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, los yog lub Maghreb
Nyob rau hauv cov nruj kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov Maghreb (rau sab hnub poob) yog tus xwb States uas yog situated rau sab hnub poob ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws. Niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los, feem ntau yog hu ua raws li tag nrho cov North African lub teb chaws Arab, xws li Mauritania, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia thiab Algeria. Tim lyiv teb chaws nws tus kheej yog qhov chaw, lub plawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no Arab thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub Great magribinskoj arc. Dhau li nws, nws muaj xws li lub teb chaws xws li Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, Libya thiab Western Sahara.
Lub teb chaws ntawm lub Arabian ceg av qab teb
Qhov loj tshaj plaws ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw yog Arabian. Nyob rau nws yog ib tug loj ib feem ntawm qhov roj teb chaws. Piv txwv li, lub UAE (United Arab Emirates), muaj li ntawm xya ywj siab lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog nyob rau nws lub teb chaws yog ib co teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov roj ntau lawm, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar. Nyob rau hauv ua ntej lawm lub sij hawm, lub teb chaws situated nyob rau hauv lub Arabian ceg av qab teb, tau tshwm sim tsuas yog raws li ib tug transshipment thiab intermediate cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm tseem khiav ua rau Iraq thiab Iran. Niaj hnub no, vim qhib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, ib tug loj loj roj reserves, txhua lub Arab lub teb chaws ntawm lub Arabian cheeb tsam nws muaj nws tus kheej tseem ceeb kev nom kev tswv, xaiv yaam thiab economic ceeb thawj.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Gulf, lub historic qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Islam, ntawm qhov chaw uas nws kis tau rau lwm cov cheeb tsam.
Eastern Mediterranean Lub teb chaws
Yuav kom East Mediterranean Neeg Esxias cheeb tsam, hu ua lub Mashriq, muaj xws li xws lub teb chaws ntawm lub as East, raws li lub koom pheej ntawm Iraq, lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Jordan, Syria, Libya, thiab nws tsuas muaj tib tus txheej xwm ntawm Palestine autonomy. Mashriq - qhov no txij li thaum lub tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig forties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo, lub xeev ntawm Ixayees lub feem ntau nyob tsis tswm, yuav luag lossi warring cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no Arab. Thoob plaws hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua coj qhov chaw ntawm no mus tas li Arab-Israeli kev tsov kev rog thiab kev tsis sib haum. Cia peb ntau yam rau cov teb chaws ntawm lub Eastern Mediterranean, Iraq, Jordan thiab Palestine.
Cov koom pheej ntawm Iraq
Qhov no Arab lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm lub Euphrates thiab Tigris dej ntws, nyob rau hauv lub Mesopotamian tiaj, thiab yog ntxuav los ntawm sab qab teb dej ntawm lub Persian Gulf. Nws ciam teb rau lwm lub teb chaws nrog Kuwait, Iran, Qaib ntxhw, Syria, Saudi Arabia thiab Jordan. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab northeast ntawm Iraq nyob Armenian thiab Iranian uplands, uas yog yus los siab seismic yam kev ua si.
Lub teb chaws Iraq, uas yog lub capital ntawm Baghdad - lub thib ob-loj tshaj plaws as lub teb chaws ntawm lub Eastern Mediterranean thiab Middle East cheeb tsam, nrog ib tug pejxeem ntawm dua 16 lab cov neeg.
Ib tug kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1958 coj mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub monarchy nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab txij li thaum 1963 ntau thiab ntau nom tswv hwj chim pib mus nce lub as Socialist Baath Party (PASV). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsiv sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub sixties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, lub tog tuaj rau lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv 1979, coj los ntawm Saddam Hussein. Qhov kev tshwm sim yog ib tug tseem ceeb milestone nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub xeev. Nws yog txoj cai no muaj peev xwm los mus tshem tawm tag nrho nws cov rivals thiab teem lub hom ntawm totalitarian lub hwj chim. Hussein los ntawm liberalizing economic cov kev cai thiab cohesion ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm "yeeb ncuab", yog tau los xyuas kom meej qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej tej chaw thiab muaj zoo unlimited hwj chim.
Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj, Iraq nyob rau hauv 1980 unleashed ib tug tsov rog tawm tsam Iran, uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum xyoo 1988. Lub raws taw tes rau yog 2003, thaum lub US-coj coalition rog muaj nqa tawm ntxeem tau ntawm Iraq, lub txiaj ntsim ntawm uas yog tus tua ntawm Saddam Hussein. Lub txim ntawm no ntxeem tau cuam tshuam kom deb li deb. Lub ib zaug haib lub teb chaws tau los ua ib tug loj loj battleground, nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog tsis muaj tsim kev lag luam, tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb.
Lub Hashemite Kingdom ntawm Jordan
Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob Asia, sab qaum teb-thaj kawg ntawm lub Arabian ceg av qab teb, mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Iraq, thiab rau sab qab teb ntawm lub Syrian koom pheej yog nyob Kingdom ntawm Jordan. Daim ntawv qhia txog lub teb chaws kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm nws lub teb chaws muaj suab puam plateaus thiab ntau yam toj thiab roob. Jordan txoj ciam teb rau lwm nrog Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria, cov neeg Ixayees thiab cov Palestinian autonomous cheeb tsam. Lub teb chaws muaj kev nkag tau mus rau lub hiav txwv liab. Lub xeev capital yog Amman. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, koj yuav xaiv tau lub zos loj - Zarqa thiab Irbid.
Los ntawm 1953 mus rau 1999, mus txog rau thaum nws tuag, lub teb chaws twb kav Korol Huseyn. Niaj hnub no nceeg vaj taws los ntawm nws tus tub - Abdullah II, yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Hashemite dynasty thiab yog pom tias yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov 43 tiam ntawm ncaj qha xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, tus kav nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no Arab yog tsis muaj tsawg feem, txawm li cas los, Jordan lub huab tais lub hwj chim yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov kevcai tswj thiab cov Parliament.
Niaj hnub no nws yog lub feem ntau nyob ntsiag to thoob plaws ib ncig ntawm lub as East. Lub ntsiab nyiaj tau los ntawm lub teb chaws theem tourism, raws li zoo raws li kev pab lwm tus neeg, richer Arab xeev.
Palestine
Qhov no yooj yim cheeb tsam ntawm lub sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean yog ua los ntawm ob tug uas tsis yog-nyob ib sab mus rau txhua lwm cov cheeb tsam: Gaza bordering cov neeg Ixayees thiab tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab rau sab hnub poob Bank, uas yog cia li mus rau sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog Jordan, thiab tag nrho cov so yog surrounded los ntawm Israeli chaw uas zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov xwm ntawm Palestine yog muab faib ua ob peb qhov chaw: hauv lub fertile lowlands raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Mediterranean Hiav txwv thiab lub cuam kawb toj siab, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws pib lub steppe, uas yuav ploj mus rau hauv lub Syrian suab puam.
Nyob rau hauv 1988, tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov Arab-Israeli kev tsov kev rog thiab tsis kam los ntawm Jordan thiab tim lyiv teb chaws neeg pab leg ntaubntawv mus rau lub Palestinian ib cheeb tsam, lub Palestinian National Council tshaj tawm lub creation ntawm ib tug neeg sab nraud lub xeev. Tus thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm autonomy yog tus legendary Yasser Arafat, tom qab uas nws tuag, nyob rau hauv 2005, qhov no ncej tau raug xaiv thiab nyob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim, Mahmoud Abbas. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Gaza, Hamas yog qhov kev txiav txim tog, uas tuaj rau lub hwj chim tom qab winning kev xaiv tsa nyob rau hauv no autonomy. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Bank tswj tag nrho cov hauv lub xeev ntawm lub Palestinian National Authority.
Relations ntawm Palestine thiab Ixayees yog nyob rau hauv ib tug heev nyuab siab lub xeev thiab mus tas li hloov mus rau hauv ib qho armed confrontation. Lub ciam teb rau lwm ntawm ib tug Palestinian lub xeev uas muaj yuav luag tag nrho cov tog yog tswj los ntawm lub Israeli armed forces.
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