Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Svyatopolk

Kawm Princes tseem ceeb heev zog uas kav lub zos Kiev Rus (Kiev, Novgorod, Chernigov, Vladimir-Volynskii) thiab lwm yam historians ua thaum uas tig mus raws li hais txog kev sib txuas lus thiab tus kheej zoo muaj feem xyuam rau tsim ntawm ib tug zoo kawg xeev Kiev Russ.

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich ntev nco qab txog li lub xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub doer ntawm txawv teb chaws txoj cai, tau ua me ntsis rau txoj kev sib sau ntawm lub xeev.

Pedigree Svjatopolka Izyaslavich

Svyatopolk (christened Michael) yug Kaum ib hlis 8, 1050 Nws txiv Izyaslav Yaroslavich yog tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kiev. Leej twg yog tus niam, tsis paub txog tej yam. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, nws yog tus concubine ntawm nws txiv, raws li mus rau lwm cov chaw - tus ntxhais ntawm lub Polish huab tais Mieszko II - Gertrude.

Svjatopolka txiv yog ib tug txhais li cas tus tub ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo, thiab cov Swedish ntxhais fuabtais Ingegerd (Irene ntawm kev cai raus dej).

Izyaslav None ntawm Kiev Svyatopolk thaum nws tus tub muaj 19 xyoo, thiab nws tshwm sim los rau nws los kav nyob rau hauv Polotsk nyob rau hauv 1069.

Keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm Kievan Rus tom qab kev tuag ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo xam tau tias yog vague lub sij hawm thaum Svyatopolk Izyaslavich thiab lwm yam princes twb lossi ua rog nrog txhua lwm yam thiab Polovtsy.

Pib ntawm lub reign

Cov reign ntawm nws tus tub Izyaslav Polotsk ntawd kub ntev li xwb 2 xyoo, tom qab uas nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub nroog thiab rov qab mus rau nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv Kiev, raws li cov yav tas los parish Npis Sov regained lub nroog.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1073-1077 Sviatopolk nrog nws tus txiv yog nyob rau hauv exile, thiab tom qab Izyaslav rov pib kav nyob rau hauv Kiev, muab nws tus tub Novgorod, uas nws kav mus txog rau thaum 1088. Nrog 1089 nyob rau hauv 1093 nws kav nyob rau hauv Turov. Cov kev tuag ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub tub ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo tau coj mus rau lub fact tias tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv Kiev yuav tsum tau mus rau nws hlob tus tub xeeb ntxwv - Svyatopolk.

Thaum cov neeg ntawm Kiev kheev lam mus kav lawv, Vladimir Monomakh, tus yau tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslav, nws tsis xav mus ua txhaum kev cai lij choj thiab caw coj Svjatopolka princely zwm txwv. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1093, nws tau los ua tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Kiev.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau cov Polovtsy

Board Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha nyob rau hauv Kiev ntawd kub ntev li intermittently los ntawm 1093 los ntawm 1113, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg raws li ib tug vague thiab mob-lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug luv luv-pom uas kav lub tshiab None, ib tug tsis zoo to taub qhov teeb meem ntawm Kievan Rus 'nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws txoj cai.

Thaum Svyatopolk Izyaslavich coj lub zwm txwv, Polovtsian horde mus ua tsov ua rog tiv thaiv Russia. Tab sis tom qab kev kawm txog cov tshiab tub huabtais, xa ambassadors mus rau lub ntiaj teb no, thiab txawv uas yuav tsum tau rau nws xaus. Tub huabtais tsis mloog lub tswv yim ntawm cov boyars, uas yog advisers thaum lub sij hawm nws txiv thiab nws txiv ntxawm, thiab kev mloog qhov xav tau ntawm lawv cov tub rog, leej twg tuaj tom qab nws los ntawm Turov, xaus lus tom qab raug txim.

Qhov kev txiav txim cim pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas nrog rau tag nrho cov board of Svyatopolk. Polovtsy mus ua tsov ua rog, thiab txawm hais tias tus tub huabtais tso cov neeg xa xov, thiab muaj kev sib haum xeeb, nws yog lig dhau lawm. Nrog rau cov tub cheev xwm cia li 800 cov tub rog, nws yuav tsis tau thaum nws lub Polovtsian None.

Tom qab mloog, thaum kawg, lub Kiev boyars Sviatopolk nug kev pab los ntawm lub Chernigov tub huabtais Vladimir Monomakh. Nws tsis tau tuaj nyob ib leeg, thiab hu ua rau nws tus kwv Rostislav nrog ib pab neeg. Tab sis txawm sau cov tub rog ua ke, lawv nrhiav tau hais tias lawv muaj pes tsawg npaum li cas ua tsis tau zoo Polovtsian pab tub rog.

Thaum ob pab tub rog tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj rau ntawm tus dej Stugna, Vladimir npaj siab mus nkag rau hauv kev sib khom lus nrog lub Polovtsy, tab sis Svyatopolk tsis mloog lub tswv yim thiab txiav txim siab los sib ntaus sib tua, uas muab tau ntsoog loj heev rau cov Rus. Svyatopolk khiav nrog cov remnants ntawm nws pab tub rog nyob rau hauv Trepol thiab ces nyob rau hauv Kiev.

Vladimir Monomakh nyob rau hauv no sib ntaus sib tua poob ib tug kwv tij, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv thiab lub boyars thiab rov qab mus rau Chernigov nyob rau hauv zoo kawg tu siab heev. Cumans invaded thiab plundered lub teb chaws rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kiev thiab rhuav tshem cov nroog Torchesk, capturing tag nrho nws cov inhabitants rau hauv captivity.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1094 Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, thaum lub sij hawm uas nws reign pib nrog hnyav losses, ua kev sib haum xeeb nrog lub Cumans los ntawm marrying tus ntxhais ntawm cov feem ntau influential Khan - Tugorkana.

Council ntawm Liubech

Cov tawm tsam ntawm cov thawj ntawm Chernigov thiab Novgorod qub txeeg qub teg coj mus rau qhov strife thiab ntshav nrog, peb tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab los tau ua ke rau lub rulers thiab khom tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv 1097 nyob rau hauv Liubech peb tau ntsib tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslav cov Wise: Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, Vladimir Monomakh, David I., Oleg thiab nws tus tij laug David thiab Vasilko Rostislavich.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub rooj sib tham yog sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub princes ntawm Kievan Rus ' tiv thaiv lwm cov tsiaj thiab muab rau txhua tus ntawm lawv raws li qub txeeg qub teg, uas lawv muaj cai nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj. Qhov no twb ua li ntawd hais tias cov rulers tsis tau hais rau hauv av ntawm txhua lwm yam thiab ho tsis muaj cai kev tsov kev rog internecine.

Tag nrho cov pom zoo rau cov kev faib ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab cov neeg uas yuav kav thiab qhov twg. Princes nwj tus ntoo khaub lig raws li ib tug kos npe rau hais tias lawv pom zoo nrog qhov kev txiav txim, thiab tau cog lus tseg tsis txhob ua txhaum nws. Thiab tag nrho cov pom zoo hais tias sib sau ua ke tiv thaiv cov neeg uas ua txhaum cov lus cog tseg.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Congress yog ntawm historic qhov tseem ceeb, raws li qhov tseeb qhia tau hais tias lub internal fragmentation ntawm Kievan Rus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias kev ywj siab principalities, npaj txhij mus koom nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug sab nraud kev hem thawj. Tag nrho cov no tau cuam tshuam rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub huabtais thiab hloov nws tsuas tuag Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha thiab cov tuaj rau lub hwj chim Vladimira Monomaha.

Congress nyob rau hauv Vitecheve

Sviatopolk ua txhaum cov lus cog tseg nyob rau hauv Liubech, mloog David dag ntxias hais lus uas yog khib cov kwv tij cornflowers thiab Valadar Rostislavich. Cornflower caw nws lub hnub yug, Sviatopolk pub David dig muag rau nws thiab coj nyob rau hauv Vladimir.

Qhov no ua rau Vajswv chim tag nrho cov boyars thiab princes, xws li insidious kev ntxub ntxaug yog tseem tsis tau nrog lawv. Vladimir Monomakh hu ua nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg hauv Congress ntawm cov kwv tij Oleg thiab David Svyatoslavich thiab mus rau Kiev.

Infighting tau tshwm sim xwb vim hais tias hais rau Kiev thiab lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws tuaj stepmother Vladimir. Princes demanded tias Sviatopolk mus ua tsov ua rog nrog David Igorevich, uas nws ua nyob rau hauv 1099

Raws li tom qab tsov rog coj mus rau ib tug tshiab Congress, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv 1100 nyob rau hauv Vitichevske. Nws tshwm sim yog tus accession ntawm Vladimir-Volyn Svyatopolk mus tsaws.

Dolobsky Congress

Dolobsky Congress nyob rau hauv 1103 tau raug tsa Vladimirom Monomahom, txais lus qhuab ntuas nrog lub Kiev None rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau tw tiv thaiv Polovtsy. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, domestic thiab txawv teb chaws txoj cai uas nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev pab mus rau strengthening ntawm Russia thiab lub liberation ntawm lub yoke ntawm Polovtsian, tsis xav kom cov tub rog campaigns, xam rau ib tug muaj siab tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tua militia, thiab nroj tsuag.

Nyob rau ib lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Dolobskogo, nyob rau sab laug txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Dnieper, Vladimir muaj ib tug hais lus nyob rau hauv uas nws hais tias hais tias ua ntej sowing yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau ib thaj tsam, tsis yeeb ncuab desolate lub zos thiab cov qoob loo hlawv.

Nws ntxias thiab tuav kom hniav khov, thiab Svyatopolk nyob rau hauv kev uas yuav tsum ua tsov ua rog tiv thaiv Polovtsy. Yog li ntawd pib ib phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau Rus invaders.

Hiking polovtsev

Launched nyob rau hauv 1103 los ua tus thawj tub rog txiav txim ntawm lub union ntawm lub princes ntawm Kievan Rus tiv thaiv Polovtsian khans. Uas ntawd kub ntev ntau tshaj 7 xyoo ntawm confrontation nruab nrab ntawm ob pab tub rog tau coj mus rau lub fact tias txhua tshiab sib ntaus sib tua rusichi tua nkag ib tug crushing yeej.

Decisive sib ntaus sib tua los ua ib tug sib ntaus Lub peb hlis ntuj 27, 1111, thaum lub Polovtsian troops tsis tau ciaj sia lub onslaught ntawm tsiv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, thiab khiav. Princes nrog nplua nuj pob tw rov qab mus tsev.

Poj niam thiab cov me nyuam Svjatopolka

Nyob rau hauv thawj tus poj niam Svjatopolka historians tsis paub dab tsi, tab sis nyob rau hauv no kev sib yuav yug:

• tus tub Yaroslav (1072-1123) - ntawm txawv sij hawm ntawm tub huabtais Vladimir-Volyn, Vyshgorod thiab Turov;
• tus ntxhais Anna (1136 lub siab.);
• tus ntxhais Sbyslava (d 1111.);
• Predslava tus ntxhais.

Nws ob tus poj niam yog tus ntxhais ntawm Khan Tugorkana, kev cai raus dej Elena. Los ntawm no kev sib yuav yug:

• Bryachislav (1104-1123);
• Izjaslav (tuag nyob rau hauv 1127.);
• Maria (d. Tom qab 1145).

Eldest tus tub Svyatopolk yog tus tub Mstislav (d. 1099), yug los ntawm ib tug concubine.

Tuag Svjatopolka Izyaslavich (hnub tim 16.04.1113) tau coj mus rau qhov nrov uprising nyob rau hauv Kiev. Cov neeg tsis txaus siab nrog lub reign ntawm lub caij Duke, demanded lub zwm txwv Vladimira Monomaha. Tsuas yog kom txhob muaj tus unrest, nws pom zoo kom kav nyob rau hauv Kiev.

Svyatopolk nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus '

Tuag Svjatopolka Izyaslavich muab xaus rau lub sij hawm ntawm Tej, uas nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus hu ua ib qho ntawm feem ntshav thiab lim hiam. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub reign Vladimira Monomaha ib zaug fractured polity yog united thiab haib lub teb chaws.

Piv txwv li ntawm ntshav unrest thiab loj heev tsis ntawm lub neej thaum lub sij hawm luv luv-pom thiab indecisive Svjatopolka txoj cai los ua rau tom ntej rulers ntawm Kievan Rus 'ceeb toom.