TU-143: lub keeb kwm ntawm creation. Hauj lwm ntawm qhov kev siv

Qhov yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev ntse qab yeeb ncuab kab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-fifties, thaum lub sij hawm thaum pib ntawm lub confrontation ntawm lub tebchaws United States thiab cov Soviet Union rau ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tau txheeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm unmanned aircraft. Tam sim no tus kheej manned khoom yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab uas muaj ntau lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab tus naj npawb ntawm nws loj hlob. Tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias tus birthplace ntawm "ntse" aircraft, uas yog siv kom txog thaum tam sim no, yog lub Soviet Union, tsim koj reconnaissance tsheb li cov TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib?

Txheej thaum ub siv unmanned tsheb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm balloons kom xa tej tawg hem Austrian troops besieged nyob rau hauv Venice twb sau hnub tim 1849 xyoo. Ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua, Nikola Tesla tsim thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, ib tug xov tooj cua-tshuaj nkoj. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1910 US cov tub rog engineer Charles Kettering ua tau thiab kuaj ob peb zaus ntawm unmanned sim saum nruab ntug tsheb (UAVs), tab sis lub tswv yim daim ntawv thov lawv tsis tau pom.

Lub thirties tau cim los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws tus kheej-kev tswj technology reusable nyob rau hauv lub UK. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog no invention, nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union designer Nikitin tsim torpedo-glider thiab txawm tsim ib tug torpedo nrog ib tug ntau ntawm 100 km, tab sis tseem nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1940, German zaum tau tsim cov cruise missile, thawj siv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog, thiab cov dav hlau engine.

Nws tsuas yog tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog pib lub caj npab haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm unmanned ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub Warsaw Pact thiab NATO, vim uas muaj yog tseem siv UAVs, xws li "Davhlau" TU-143.

Thawj UAV "Davhlau"

Nyob rau hauv 1956, lub teb chaws ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub Warsaw Pact phooj ywg tub rog nkag mus hauv Hungary mus suppress anti-communist lub tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm Tupolev tsim backroom "K", uas nws ua hauj lwm yog tsim khoom "C". Ib xyoo tom qab, lub Council of Ministers ntawm lub USSR rau aviation ceeb xov tuaj txog dej num raws li "Pub" nyob rau kev npaj txhij rau ntawm lub davhlau xeem cov khoom "C" nyob rau hauv lub quarter thib plaub ntawm 1958.

Nyob rau hauv lub encrypted khoom creation thaum UAV. tsim lub tswv yim los mus IB Tupolev. Secret cov khoom no yog ib tug hlau monoplane nrog swept tis zoo. Tsis ntev lub project yog npaj txhij rau lub poob siab unmanned systems uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 10 txhiab. Km ntawm delivering nuclear riam phom, tab sis nws twb tsis siv los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub NS Khrushchev.

Txawj ntse apparatus self-piloting "Hawk" TU-123, uas tau los ua tus thawj ntawm cov TU-143, los ua nws thawj davhlau nyob rau hauv 1961. Tsis zoo li cov nres aircraft, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub fore ib feem ntawm cov qauv muaj cov txawj ntse apparatus, es ib tug nuclear warhead.

Tsis zoo tag nrho "Hawk" thiab qhov kev txiav txim "Reis"

Ib tug thawj disadvantage nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas TU-123 steel tshav kub rhiab fotolyuki uas nyob rau aircraft ceev ntawm 2700 km / h yog them nrog tej kab nrib pleb. Qhov teeb meem no, Soviet engineers txiav txim siab los siv lub purchase ntawm Brazilian quartz xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub pretext ntawm nws siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob cov khoom. Nws yog los ntawm no raw khoom twb tau tshav kub-resistant iav, thiab ces tus high-zoo dluab.

Qhov thib ob disadvantage yog cov neeg txhaum tsim ntawm "Hawk", uas nyob rau hauv lub lag luam yog khaws cia xwb ntsuas compartment, tus so ntawm lub UAV twb pov tseg. Lub teb chaws tus thawj coj to taub qhov yuav tsum tau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug cawm nej dim unmanned complex txawj ntse. Nws twb tom qab dubbed tus "Davhlau" TU-143. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub UAV pib nrog lub nkag teb chaws ntawm Allied troops rau hauv Czechoslovakia thiab cov nqe lus ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Soviet Union ib txoj hauj lwm tshiab Tupolev txog tsev cawm nej dim ib tug reconnaissance UAV.

Creation ntawm "Reis"

Ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev siv ntawm tus tshiab ceev nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm UAVs dhau sai sai. Ob xyoos tom qab, "Davhlau" twb los ua nws thawj davhlau. Tom qab 4 xyoo ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev txhim kho, nyob rau hauv 1976, txais yuav ib tug txheej ntawm saws Soviet pab tub rog. Pib tswj ntawm tactical txawj ntse - raws li yus nyob rau hauv lub TU-143 pab tub rog. Qhuav ntawm prototypes nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 10 daim raug muag nyob rau hauv Bashkiria nyob rau hauv 1973. Tsis ntev pib serial ntau lawm ntawm tus tshiab complex. Rau 10 xyoo (kom txog rau thaum 1980) ua ib tug tag nrho ntawm 950 tej daim.

Tso tawm ntawm lub complex yog pom tau hais nyob rau hauv ob lub versions: thawj - nrog photographic khoom; lub thib ob - nrog lub TV. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub UAV twb nruab nrog tawg nrhiav kom tau txhais tau tias. Nyob rau hauv 1985, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm "Reis" Tupolev engineers tau tsim ib lub hom phiaj uas ntse dhau lub xeev cov ntawv xeem.

Invulnerability cua defenses - qhov no feature ntawm cov TU-143. Armed nrog 6 lub teb chaws yog "Davhlau": tus USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Syria, Romania. Tam sim no nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine thiab Russia.

destiny

Thaum lub sij hawm tactical davhlau reconnaissance complex ua aerial duab ntawm ceev cov ntaub ntawv rau lub yees duab zaj duab xis. Rau ua hauj lwm pab raws qib siv nyob rau hauv lub Tu-143 TV khoom. Ob hom txawj ntse ua ub no tau nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm nruab hnub. Qhov kev ncua deb uas yuav txiav txim rau hauv lub qhov tob ntawm allergic ntawm lub UAV nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab rear, yus muaj los ntawm tej cim qhia tias lub 60-70 km.

Cov "sib ntaus" ntawm lub complex:

• Pib nrog ib tug self-propelled ntawm ib tug cua ceev tsis ntau tshaj li 15 m / s.
• Lub hom phiaj tswj nrog rau kev pab los ntawm ib tug cia li on-board system (Absu).
• Yuav programmed davhlau paths.
• Sau thiab preservation ntawm txoj kev ntse nrog kev pab los ntawm photographic thiab TV khoom.
• Cov tau txiav txim cov tawg ib puag ncig.
• Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug muab taw tes thiab los ntawm ib tug xov tooj cua channel mus rau hauv av kom ua posts.

TU-143: kev piav qhia

UAV "Davhlau" muaj cim zog radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab designers npaj siab mus ua tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv. Kiel, tis tswv yim, lub kaus poob los thawv, lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub aircraft yog ua los ntawm cov uas tsis-metallic cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog ua tau mus cuag invulnerability txawj ntse complex.

Structurally, lub apparatus fuselage muaj plaub compartments: hneev, lub onboard khoom, ib tug roj tank, lub cav nacelle nrog lub kaus poob los ntim. Nyob rau hauv lub fore ib feem ntawm lub complex nyob reconnaissance khoom. Lub compartment yog ua los ntawm fiberglass thiab muab rau fotolyuka.

UAV pawg neeg thaj av vim tricycle tsaws iav. Pem hauv ntej kev pab txhawb nqa cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub thib ob compartment, thiab lwm yam ob yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tis panels. Nres thiab cog parachutes npaj rau damping kab rov tav thiab ntsug tsaws ceev.

exploitation

Reconnaissance txoj siv nyob rau hauv Afghanistan thiab ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv Lebanon. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm UAVs nyob twj ywm rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine.

Nyob rau hauv 2001 nws yog tragic cov ntaub ntawv siv TR-143 rau kev kawm lub hom phiaj raws li ib lub hom phiaj. Airliner TU-154 poob lawm thaum, uas tua txog 80 neeg. Yog vim li cas yog ib tug nce hit missile tsim rau UAV "Davhlau."

Saib Tu-143 (piv txwv), raws li ib tug fwm teev tau nyob rau hauv xws chaw:

• Lub Aviation Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Kiev.
• Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom thiab riam phom Spadshchansky tom hav zoov.
• Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Tsev khaws puav pheej.
• Tsev khaws puav pheej. Sakharov.
• Central tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv Moscow.
• Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub Cua Force nyob rau hauv Monino.

TU-143: LTH

• Nyhav - 1230 kg.
• Length - 8,06 m.
• Qhov siab - 1.545 m.
• Koojtis Span - 2,24 m.
• Koojtis Area - 2.9 m ^2.
• Yam tsawg kawg nkaus altitude - 10 meters.
• davhlau lub sij hawm - 13 feeb.
• Cav hom - TRD TR3-117.
• Lub qhov tob ntawm qhov kev txiav txim - 95 km.
• Maximum ceev - 950 km / h.