Tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilly, Wales: keeb kwm, piav qhia, yees duab

Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub UK Tsev fuabtais Caerphilly lub xyoo pua 13th thiab niaj hnub no nyiam nrog nws teev thiab lub hwj chim. Nws yog zoo kawg nkaus khaws cai thiab ua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Rau cov keeb kwm ntev, lub tsev fuabtais tawm, rebuilt, rov qab los. Niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev mus xyuas ntau ntawm Wales.

Qhov twg yog

Lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilly yog nyob hauv lub nroog-lub nroog uas nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Wales. Lub nroog nyob ntawm tus ciam ntawm cov nroog ntawm Glamorgan thiab Monmouthshire. Nws yog nyob rau hauv chav tswj tuav - thaj chaw Glamorgan, County County. Lub nroog ntawm Kairfilly muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog thiab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Lub cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam mountainous, thiab lub fortress yog ua rau lub hilltop, nws rises formidably saum lub nroog sib kis hauv qab, surrounded rau tag nrho cov sab ntawm cov pas dej dag thiab moats. Qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress yog leeg zoo thiab ua nws lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau tawm tsam.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho

Nyob rau hauv ob nrab ntawm xyoo pua 13th hauv Wales, tus naas ej aristocrat Gilbert tsib Claire, Earl ntawm Gloucester, pib mus tsa ib lub fortress los tiv thaiv cov disputed territories. Lub sij hawm no, qhov nce ntawm Welsh principality nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Raws li cov txiaj ntsim ntawm kev ua tub rog, nws muaj peev xwm xaus qhov kev pom zoo nrog Henry the Third thiab tsim Wales kev ywj pheej los ntawm lus Askiv crown. Tsev fuabtais Kairfilli (Wales) nyob hauv xyoo pua 13th ib lub nroog-sib cog rau kev sib hais ntawm tib lub npe. Nyob rau hauv 1282, Gilbert de Claire tau tsim ib txoj kev tshiab los yeej Wales, uas tau muaj kev vam meej, thiab thaj av ntawd tau los ua ib feem ntawm Askiv. Kom ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lawv thaj av, Gilbert tau txib txoj kev tsim kho ntawm txhua lub zos ntawm nws cov khoom. Txoj kev tsim kho pib hauv 1268 thiab tau tawm ntawm cov lus sibtham mus txog 1290. Dua li ntawm qhov ntev tiv thaiv kev nyuaj siab rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws, Gilbert tau tsim tsa ib lub tsev loj loj, uas tsis yog tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj tseem nyob tau yooj yim. Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm Montgomery treaty, tus tiv thaiv kev ua ntawm lub fortress ceased kom tseem ceeb rau tsib Claire, thiab nws pib equip lub tsev fuabtais raws li ib qhov chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv 1295, Gilbert tuag, tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm no lub tsev Kairfilli lub tsev twb yuav luag tag nrho rov kho thiab npaj txhij rau lub neej tsis khoom.

Tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv 14th thiab 17th centuries

Txij li thaum 1313, lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilli tau rov poob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm territorial. Llywelyn Bren thiab cov tub rog muaj koob muaj npe mus ntaus rog rau lub hwj chim hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 1316 lub nroog ntawm Kairfilli yog yuav luag tag pov tseg, tab sis lub fortress sawv. Nyob rau hauv 1317, Hugh le Despenser tus Hluas, uas tau sib yuav Gilbert de Claire tus viv ncaus Elinor, coj tuaj nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Lub fortress ntawm Kairfilly los ua nws taub hau. Hugh yog nyob rau cov ntsiab lus zoo nrog Edward Thawj thiab yog nplua nuj txaus. Nws txiav txim siab los nthuav lub tsev fuabtais, ua ib lub paaj nros loj rau receptions. Rau txoj haujlwm, nws caw William Hart thiab Thomas de la Bataille. Lawv tsim tau zoo nkauj chaav, richly decorated nrog carvings. Thaum twg lub coup coj qhov chaw thiab tus Vaj Ntxwv Edward raug kev cuam tshuam, Hugh thiab nws tus poj niam tau pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais los ntawm kev tsuj. Isabella cov tub rog tau kos mus rau lub fortress. Lub xauv tsis ntev ntev. Hugh muab kev kho siab, thiab cov av tau pauv mus rau Isabel de Despenser, leej twg, nrog rau nws tus txiv thib ob, tau siv nyiaj ntau heev hauv kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Nyob rau hauv 1486 lub fortress dhau mus rau hauv ob txhais tes ntawm Suav Pembroke, tab sis nws tsis xav nyob ntawm no. Thiab lub tsev fuabtais maj mam poob mus rau hauv hniav lauj. Dej kaw ib ncig ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog nyob rau hauv disrepair, ob peb zaug lub ib ncig ntawm lub fortress yog dej nyab. Nyob hauv tsev loj cuj, cov neeg nyob hauv nkuaj tau khaws cia rau qee lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv 1583 nws tau xauj los ntawm Thomas Lewis. Nws rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa zeb los tsim qhov chaw nyob thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Kev ua tub rog thaum lub sij hawm Civil War ntawm 17th xyoo pua lig yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam rau lub tsev fuabtais, tab sis ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj, uas hu ua Falling. Nyob rau hauv 1648 Cromwell xaj kom tawg lub tsev fuabtais kom tawm hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha. Tab sis, ces nws muab tawm dhau lub hwj chim ntawm tus neeg sappers, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab ob peb lub yees mus rau lub foob pob.

Lub neej ntawm lub tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv lub 18-20 centuries

Nyob rau hauv 1776, lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilly, uas nws keeb kwm ua tsuas yog tu siab, tau txais ib tus tswv tshiab. Tom Stewart rau thawj lub sij hawm sim tig los thiab khaws cia lub tsev fuabtais. Thaum xyoo 1860, nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv tau ua tiav kev tshawb xyuas ntawm lub fortress thiab pib tawm mus rau thaj chaw ntawm cov neeg xauj tsev uas tsis xav attentive mus rau lub ntsiab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Tus plaub marquis, John Crichton-Stewart, yog tus kiv cua ntawm kev kho tshiab thiab kev tsim kho. Nws tau tso nyiaj ntau ntau rau hauv kev nthuav dav thiab kho cov vaj tse fortress. Txij li thaum xyoo 1950, nws tau koom nrog txoj kev kho kom rov qab kho dua qub dua, ua kom rov qab pom qhov keeb kwm. Nws ntxuav tau cov dams thiab rov qab ua tiav cov maus taus thiab pas dej ua ke ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws coj lub qub txeeg qub tes mus rau hauv ib qho kev pom zoo, uas rov tshwm ua yeeb yam ntawm 15-16 centuries. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1950, Marquis muab lub tsev fuabtais thiab txhua cheeb tsam ib puag ncig rau lub xeev.

Tsev fuabtais hnub no

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilli yog tswj los ntawm lub tuam txhab Cadw, uas deals nrog preservation thiab exploitation cov chaw historic. Hnub no lub fortress yog feem ntau mus xyuas pom ntawm Wales, ntawm no ntau tshaj 100 txhiab tus neeg tuaj txhua txhua xyoo. Rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, kev mus ncig ua si, cov hnub so thiab cov festivals koom nrog. Kev mus xyuas lub tsev ntawm Kairfilly tsev puv mus ua kev lom zem nrog taug kev mus yav dhau los vim yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog yog rov tuaj ntawm no.

Architecture

Lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilly, cov lus piav qhia uas muaj peev xwm pom muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab, yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev tsim kho architecture. Brutality thiab kev ntseeg tau yog ob lub ntsiab lus uas tuaj ntawm lub siab pom ntawm lub zog no. Lub architecture ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog laconic thiab convincing, muaj tsis muaj dab tsi superfluous, txhua yam yog subordinated mus rau ib lub hom phiaj - tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Lub square fortress rau tag nrho cov sab yog ncig los ntawm ib lub pob zeb zoo nkauj zeb ua los ntawm sandstone, nrog rau plaub watchtowers thiab nqaim loopholes. Lub fortress muaj ob defensive perimeters. Thawj lub nplhaib yog phab ntsa zeb, lub thib ob yog lub fortress zoo. Ua ntej lub ntsiab nkag mus rau lub fortress muaj lwm high phab ntsa tiv thaiv. Hauv lub fortress muaj nyob quarters: ib tug zoo nkauj Great Hall rau receptions, striking nrog exquisite finishes, pw tsis tsaug zog thiab lwm chav.

Yuav ua li cas pom

Lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Kairfilly, uas nws yees duab zoo nkaus li zoo nkauj txhua lub sijhawm xyoo, hnub no yog lub tsev cia puav pheej tiag. Qhov chaw ntawm 120 hectares pub rau koj ua ntev mus kev thiab tuav cov txheej xwm ntawm no. Dab tsi yuav tsis tu thaum mus xyuas lub tsev fuabtais? Nws yog tsim nyog mus ncig puag ncig ntawm lub fortress mus saib tag nrho cov nkag mus rau nws thiab lub impressive moats thiab pas dej. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev mus raws li tus ntiv taw ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa, nce lub pej thuam mus saib lub nroog dag ntawm ko taw. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev txua vaj tsev ntawm lub fortress ib tug yuav pom lub uniform thiab riam phom ntawm ib tug medieval tub rog. Siege phom yog nruab rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub fortress. Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los saib xyuas cov kab kos, taug kev raws cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov pas dej dag. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov yees koj yuav pom ib zaj duab xis txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Yog xav mus xyuas Kairfilli tsev fuabtais, koj yuav tsum tau npaj yam tsawg ib nrab hnub, thiab nyiam dua ib hnub, kom paub zoo txog koj tus kheej. Lub tsev fuabtais yog ib qho qauv zoo heev, thiab cov neeg ncig teb chaw nqa nws los ntawm tag nrho plaub sab, tau txais cov kev txhaj tshuaj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws.

Yuav ua li cas tau muaj

Koj puas tau txiav txim siab kom pom lub tsev ntawm Kairfilly? Yuav ua li cas kom tau txais qhov chaw no? Los ntawm cov kev tsheb nqaj hlau qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv lub Welsh capital ntawm Cardiff mus rau lub tsev fuabtais yuav tsum mus txog ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kairfilly mus rau lub tsev fuabtais yog 1.5 km, lawv tau yooj yim yuav mus txog ntawm ko taw.