Tooj liab oxide

Cuprum (Cu) hais txog cov xov tooj ntawm tsaug zog hlau. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm tsim tshuaj tebchaw nrog oxidation lub xeev ntawm +1 thiab +2. Piv txwv li, lub ob oxides, yog ib tug compound ntawm ob ntsiab ntawm Cu thiab cov pa O: oxidation xeev +1 - cuprous oxide Cu2O thiab cov oxidation xeev +2 - tooj liab oxide CuO. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lawv muaj xws li ib yam tshuaj uas hais, tab sis txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv lub txias hlau reacted heev weakly nrog rau oxygen hauv cov huab cua, them nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, uas yog ib tug tooj liab oxide, uas tiv thaiv oxidation fittings cuprum. Thaum rhuab, ib tug yooj yim tshuaj nrog ib theem tooj 29 nyob rau hauv lub periodic lub rooj yog kiag li oxidized. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj tsim ntawm tooj liab oxide (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

Nitrous oxide yog ib tug brownish-liab khoom nrog ib tug molecular ceeb thawj los ntawm 143,1 g / tus nas. Cov compound muaj ib tug melting sov li ntawm 1235 ° C, boiling point 1,800 ° C. Nws tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej tab sis dissolves nyob acids. Zus tooj liab oxide (I) nyob rau hauv ammonia tshuaj (feeb meej), txoj kev ua ib tug tsis muaj kob complex [Cu (NH3) 2] +, uas yog yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv huab cua rau ammonia complex xiav-liab doog xim [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ dissolving nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid tsim CuCl2. Nyob rau hauv semiconductor physics keeb kwm Cu2O yog ib qho ntawm feem kawm ntaub ntawv.

Tooj oxide (kuv), kuj hu ua cov pa roj nitrous muaj yooj yim zog. Nws yuav npaj los ntawm oxidation ntawm cov hlau: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Impurities xws li dej thiab acid mus rau tus nqi ntawm txoj kev no, thiab ntxiv oxidation rau ferrous oxide. Cuprous oxide yuav ua neej nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid, li no txoj kev ua ib tug dawb huv hlau thiab ib lub ntsev ntawd: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. Ib tug zoo xws li cov tswvyim yog ib qho kev sis raug zoo ntawm cov oxide nrog ib tug degree ntawm oxidation ntawm ib tug hlau nrog rau lwm yam pa uas muaj acids. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov pa roj nitrous acid nrog halogenated monovalent hlau ntsev daim ntawv: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Pom tooj liab oxide (I) nyob rau hauv cov xwm raws li liab ore (qhov no lub npe qub, nrog rau xws li ruby Cu), mineral hu ua "Cuprite". Nyob rau nws tsim yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Nws yuav tau ua artificially los yog thaum muaj kev kub kub nyob rau hauv siab oxygen siab. Nitrous feem ntau yog siv raws li ib tug fungicide, raws li ib tug xim, raws li cov underwater antifouling neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov xim muaj hlau los yog hiav txwv, thiab kuj siv tau raws li ib lub hauv paus.

Txawm li cas los, cov nyhuv ntawm no substance nrog cov tshuaj mis Cu2O rau tus kab mob tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem. Thaum nqus tau cov pa, nws ua tsis taus pa, hnoos, thiab ulceration thiab perforation ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av. Yog hais tias nqos, khaus rau tus mob huam, nrog ntuav, mob thiab raws plab.

Dua oxide tooj liab nyob rau hauv zoo li yog ib tug hmoov los ntawm xim av mus rau dub. Nws tshwm sim lawm raws li ib tug mineral, "lub tenor" nyob rau hauv nws cov purest daim ntawv. Nws melting kub yog 1326 ° C, boiling point 2,000 ° C. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, haus dej cawv, ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate tshuaj. Soluble nyob rau hauv aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm ammonium tshuaj dawb thiab poov tshuaj cyanide. Qhov no dub khoom yuav ua li cas los ua cua sov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua Cu. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kuj tsim oxide Cu. Kev npaj ntawm tooj liab oxide CuO optionally nrog cua kub lub tebchaw:

• tooj liab (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• tooj liab (II) hydroxide Cu (OH) 2 → H2O + CuO;

• tooj liab (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + CuO.

Cuprum (II) oxide yog yooj yim, li ntawd, nws dissolves nyob mineral acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric thiab nitric) los muab lub sib nug xov divalent Cu ntsev:

• 2HCl + CuO → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + CuO → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + CuO → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Reacts tooj liab oxide (II) nrog ib tug feeb meej alkali tsim tau ib cov ntsev: 2 Koh + CuO + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

Lub oxide tej zaum kuj yuav txo kom nws yog xim hlau Cu los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrogen los yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide :

• H2 + CuO → Cu + H2O;

• CO + CuO → Cu + CO2.

Siv tooj liab oxide (II) nyob rau hauv lub ceramics (raws li ib tug xim) rau lub glaze (xiav, ntsuab thiab liab, thiab tej zaum kuj liab, grey los yog dub). Nws kuj yog siv raws li ib tug khoom noj khoom haus additive nyob rau hauv ib tug tsiaj los txo cuprum tsis muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no abrasive khoom, uas yog tsim nyog los polish kho qhov muag khoom. Nws yog siv rau zus tau tej cov qhuav roj teeb rau qhov kev npaj ntawm lwm yam Cu ntsev. Cov compound kuj yog siv nyob rau hauv CuO vuam tooj liab alloys.

Raug ib tug tshuaj compound CuO kuj yuav txaus ntshai rau tib neeg lub cev. Thaum nqus tau cov pa, yuav ua mob ntsws voos. Tooj oxide (II) tej zaum yuav ua rau kub ib ce nws yog xim hlau vapors (MFF). Cu oxide provokes ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij xim, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem nrog pom. Thaum noj raws li cov pa roj nitrous ua rau lom, uas yog nrog los ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm ntuav thiab mob.