Thesaurus: nws yog dab tsi. Thesaurus, uas yog ntau tshaj ib tug phau ntawv txhais lus

Qhia nyob rau hauv ntau tej yaam num, cov phau ntawv, ntawv nthuav qhia, internet kev pab uas koj yuav nrhiav tau lub sij hawm "Thesaurus". Zoo li ib tug mysterious phenomenon, nws ntshais nws unexplored, vim hais tias yooj yim npaum li mus hais 'phau ntawv txhais lus', es siv ib tug coj txawv txawv txhais.

Thesaurus: yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas yog nws txawv los ntawm ib tug dog dig phau ntawv txhais lus? Cia peb sim mus xyuas cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab yog muaj.

txhais lus ntawm cov sij hawm

Chiv, lub tswvyim ntawm tus Thesaurus twb pom nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov lo lus, cov sawv cev lus txhais nrog pab kuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.

Treats Burns Thesaurus raws li ib tug yam lus phau ntawv txhais lus, paub cov ntsiab lus qhia nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thaum Yefremov tshuaj xyuas qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm cov foundations hauv ib systematic set ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib qho kev teb ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Qhov tseem kev txhais yog siv nyob rau hauv Philology, muaj yog meant los ntawm cov Thesaurus lexicon-hom tivthaiv, nyob rau tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov lo lus txuam semantic kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab tshwm sim tawm lub tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam piv sau.

Raws li peb tau pom, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los teb rau lo lus nug: "Thesaurus: yog dab tsi?" uniquely. Rau ib tug ntau nqaim lub sij hawm, xav txog kev kawm rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim, hom thiab kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv txhais ntawm lexical units ntawm no hom.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm tshwm sim

Cov nrhiav leej txiv ntawm tus Thesaurus yog suav tias yog kev kawm lus Askiv physicist, Roger, nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau hauv 1852 systematized paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus Askiv hais lus, mus faib nws mus pab pawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txhua pab pawg neeg twb sawv cev los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub tswvyim, thiab ces tuaj txhais rau tej qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, cov npe ntawm cov yam khoom, raws li zoo raws li neeg ua tim khawv rau lub npe ntawm cov lwm pawg. Lub tswv yim ntawm xws li ib tug kev faib yog zoo heev vim hais tias phau ntawv txhais lus mas suav hais tias lub feem ntau natural, piav cov lus ntawm cov lus rau nws cov fullest twg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ceev mus nrhiav ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus. Txij li thaum thawj Thesaurus thiab tseem tshwm sim tsis tu ncua transformation ntawm no hom ntawm cov lo lus uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab yog heev nrov thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub npe: "Thesaurus: yog dab tsi?" Tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv ntau cov tsev kawm ntawv.

Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, thesauri nyob twj ywm nrov tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav piav txog cov kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv tej teb uas yuav tsum tau rau npaum tibneeg-tshwmsim.

Cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv lub Thesaurus

Feem ntau kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv lub classical Thesaurus yog:

1. Synonymy - ib tug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas cov lus txuas ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws lexical lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li: Fais fab teb, pab neeg no, cov tub cheev xwm, scarlet - liab, thiab lwm yam
2. Cov lus rov - link ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov lo lus muaj opposite lexical lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li: silence - roar, maj mam - ntxhib.
3. Spook (seppuku) - tseem ceeb kev sib raug zoo nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav piav npe. Hyperons muaj ntau lexical ntsiab lus qhia generic, lub npe ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv (set) ntawm cov khoom, khoom, namely, nws cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv. Hyponym muaj ib tug nqaim nqi, nws hu tus kwv (cim, tej khoom) raws li ib tug keeb ntawm ib qho los yog hauv chav kawm ntawv. Yuav kom paub meej tias cov kev sib raug zoo tau paub kom meej, peb yuav muab ib tug heev yooj yim piv txwv. Lo lus thiab lub tsiaj tsov sib thooj, thaum ib lub npe - tsiaj - yog hyperonyms ntawm hyponyms tsov.
4. Meronimiya (partonimiya) - kev sib raug zoo ntawm npe yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "ib feem - tag nrho". Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xav txog cov lus ntawm aircraft yuav tsaws iav, lub qhov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub npe ntawm thauj - Holon (tag nrho lub npe) thiab nws cov kev tivthaiv qhov chaw - meronimy.
5. Qhov kev tshawb xyuas (nruab nrab ntawm verbs kev sib raug zoo). Piv txwv li, lo lus mus thiab tuaj bound txheej txheem thiab nws tsim nyog tau (tshwm sim).
6. Yog vim li cas (raws li yog permissible tsuas yog rau cov verbs). Xav txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug kev sib raug zoo, coj cov lus mob - npeeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov ua rau yuav tsum havzoov - tsis, vim hais tias muaj teeb meem nrog noj qab haus huv.

Thesaurus hais tias yog, pom los ntawm cov piv txwv nram qab.

Txaj - ib tug ntaus ntawv rau cov pw tsaug zog.

[Hyperons]: cov rooj tog
[Meron] 's tsev
[Yaj] raug tshem tawm, bunk.

Qhov no yog cia li ib tug classic piv txwv ntawm cov Thesaurus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus, txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov dictionaries ntawm no hom yuav ua tau rau txoj ntsiab cai no.

Thesaurus muaj nuj nqi

Thesaurus yog tseem ceeb kev, kev sib txuas lus, tshawb fawb thiab lwm yam kev khiav dej num.

Nws yog:

• qhov chaw ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv ib tug broad los yog nqaim kev kawm, cov qauv ntawm cov ordering, cov ntsiab lus piav txog qhov kev kawm cheeb tsam ;
• nrhiav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntaub ntawv kwj;
• Tes cov cuab yeej, tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb xyaw;
• lub cuab tam rau automatic indexing ntawm phau ntawv uas nyuaj.

hom thesauri

Qhov ntau ntawm dictionaries yuav tsum tau xav txog tsis tsuas rau lo lus nug: "Thesaurus: yog dab tsi?", Tab sis kuj mloog mus rau lub hom. Qhov no yuav pab kom peb zoo to taub txog tus yam ntxwv ntawm no hom ntawm dictionaries.

1. Dictionaries rau cais ceg ntawm kev txawj ntse -. Philological, pedagogical, philosophical thiab lwm yam thesauri. Daim ntawv teev cov tshwj xeeb cov nqe lus uas qhia tag nrho cov tau kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv tau los (IPT) - siv raws li ib lub cuab tam rau automatic los yog phau ntawv nqi. Lub koom haum twb nrhiav tau nyob txog ib puas sectoral thesauri, uas sib tau lub xeev txoj cai. Tau semantic kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas lawv siv peb: ntawm generic, txhais thiab associative (tag nrho cov lwm tus neeg).
3. Thesauri yam lus. Piv txwv li, WordNet - nto moo Thesaurus ntawm cov menyuam kawm lus Askiv, tsim rau ntxaws qhia txog ntawm cov lus thiab conceptual apparatus.
4. Multilingual (universal) - cia mus nrhiav cov lus hais txog txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus.
5. Tseem muaj kev cai thesauri, muab cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm zauv cov systematization ntawm cov nqe lus nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam cheeb tsam ntawm kev txawj ntse uas yog feem ntau tsim nyog rau cov newest kawm.

xaus

Peb cia siab hais tias yuav nyob rau hauv mus siv cuag lus mus piav qhia txog dab tsi ib tug Thesaurus. Vim piv txwv ib qho yooj yim to taub yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm lwm dictionaries. Peb kuj tseem ceeb rau qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nqi Thesaurus, uas yog dav siv nyob ntaub ntawv system rau nrhiav tau sai sai thiab npaj lab ntawm cov khoom.