Teeb roj: Guests siv. Kerosene teeb, "Tuag Fledermaus"

Kerosene - los yog pob tshab kua nrog ib tug yellowish ntxoov ntxoo, uas yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov roj av refining. Txawv kev tsw thiab ib tug oily taub hau. Muaj ob peb hom kev sib txuas. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li chaw ua dav hlua roj kerosene. Tus nqi ntawm nws yog considerably tsawg dua, e.g., roj av los yog diesel roj.

Ntawm cov hom ntawm hydrocarbon ua ib tug tseem ceeb qhia yuav siv sij hawm teeb pom kev zoo kerosene. Hais txog nws, thiab yuav tsum tau tham ntxiv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Tau kerosene

Amazing zog ntawm cov roj kom hloov lawv cov yam ntxwv raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub distillation pom ntau centuries dhau los. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua peb pib siv cov khoom tau txais raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev no. Txawm ces, cov zaum sau hais tias raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub distillation ntawm cov roj hloov nws cov xim los ntawm tsaus mus rau lub teeb daj. Nws tau muab sau tias, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub pib khoom, lub teeb illuminates tus tshuaj yooj yim heev. Cov tswvyim tsim lub hauv paus rau ntxiv siv tau roj thiab kerosene.

Kerosene yog tau los ntawm cov roj av los ntawm distillation, nws (los yog rectification). Qhov thib ob xaiv - ub ntawm tib "dub kub". Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, muaj pes tsawg leeg yog raug mus ntxiv hydrotreating. Qhov no txoj kev pab txoj kev zoo tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov dab aromatics cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sib npaug zos rau 14-30%.

Illuminating kerosene tau los ntawm tej yam yooj yim kerosene. No tom kawg yog raug hydrotreating. Yog hais tias peb xav txog tus txheej txheem no los ntawm ib tug tshuaj taw tes ntawm view, cov hydrogen atoms txuas mus rau lub hydrocarbon molecules tias ua li tus kerosene. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub lwg me me lawm uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons nrog sulfur thiab lwm yam tshuaj hais. Yog li qhov ruaj Cheebtsam yog muab tshem tawm.

qauv

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub kerosene muaj tsis muaj tseeb "zaub mov txawv". Nws yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb lub hom crude roj, los ntawm uas nws yog los, raws li zoo raws li los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov nws ua. Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, nyob twj ywm unchanged. Cov kev hloov tsuas yog lawv feem pua. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem yog nyob ntawm ntau yam hom ntawm hydrocarbons. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub substance nws tus kheej.

Cheebtsam ntawm kerosene yog cov nram no hom carbons:

• Tsis txhob aliphatic, uas nws cov ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav txawv los ntawm 20 mus rau 60% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim.
• Naphthenic (20 mus rau 50%).
• Bicyclic uas muaj ntxhiab - los ntawm 20 mus rau 30%.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm unsaturated hydrocarbons tej zaum yuav mus txog 2%.

Cov seem yog impurities ntawm oxygen, sulfur thiab nitrogen tebchaw. Cov leej faj cov ntsiab lus ntawm kerosene illumination tsis pub tshaj 0.1 feem pua ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lub hydrogenation txheej txheem.

Scope ntawm kev siv

Teeb roj yog siv nyob rau hauv lub teeb. Txawm lub npe, qhov no yog nws lub ntsiab, tiam sis tsis tsuas cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv.

Nws kuj siv tau rau khoom vaj khoom tsev rau cua sov los yog ua noj ua haus. Cov muaj xws li:

• Kerosene qhov cub - cua kub ntaus ntawv, uas siv los ua ntau. Thaum nws ua hauj lwm yog tsis muaj direct combustion ntawm kerosene, nws cia li suab. Vim li no, muaj yog tsis muaj tsim ntawm muaj hmoov quav.
• Kerosene qhov cub, uas txawv los ntawm cov leg dej num hom los ntawm cov fact tias nws yog twb hlawv kerosene. Yog li ntawd, siv lwm yam Vedas kerosene yuav tsis yog vim muaj cov tau tsim ntawm muaj hmoov quav.
• Primus, uas yog zoo li cov roj burner. Nws txawv xwb lwm hom ntawm cov roj. Nws yog feem ntau noj nrog tourists thiab fishermen.

Lwm cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kev siv - lub tshuab uas txiav cov hlau. Loj heev nyob rau hauv cov chaw no vim mas rau lub fact tias cov nplaim taws nyob rau hauv combustion haus luam yeeb kerosene.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no hom ntawm kerosene yog siv raws li kuab. Nws thov nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov adhesives, xim, roj hmab, nyob rau hauv lub tsev (ntxuav khaub ncaws, tawv khoom thiab hais txog).

"Tuag Fledermaus"

Kerosene teeb los ua rau ntau txais tos los ntawm yav dhau los, uas kuv xav kom nco ntsoov tej zaum. Ob peb cov neeg txaus siab rau lawv nyob rau hauv tsev tam sim no. Tab sis ho koj tsis nco qab qhov no? Piv txwv li, ib tug kerosene teeb, "Tuag Fledermaus". Leej twg tsis nco qab nws? Nws yog ib yam dab tsi haiv neeg, uas rau peb nco txog thaum yau. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog lub official lub npe. Tab sis hais tias yog yuav ua li cas nws twb hu ua nyob rau hauv cov neeg. Thiab qhov no yog txuam nrog ib tug trembling nplaim taws. Nws flickered, enveloping lub wick, uas yog feem ntau yog txiav tawm ntawm felt. Cov no yog cov yuav nco txog ntawm cov uas koj tsis xav hnov qab. Muaj ntau hu lawv lyrics. Yog li ntawd, cia peb rov qab mus rau lub ceev.

Kerosene teeb "Tuag Fledermaus" thiab muag nyob rau ntawm lub caij. Nws yuav ua tau ib tug zoo kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev los yog lawj. Nws tus nqi niaj hnub no yog hais txog yim thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab rubles.

yam ntxwv tshuaj

ntshiab system ntawm cov qauv uas txhais tau cov tswv yim yooj thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuaj tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog tsis muaj kev zam thiab roj rau teeb. GOST 11128-65 thiab GOST 4753-68 teev cov yooj yim tsis hais tias yuav tsum tau ntsib, qhov no flammable kua.

Yog hais tias koj siv kerosene rau teeb pom kev zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub qhov siab ntawm cov pa luam yeeb taw tes, sulfur cov ntsiab lus, nyem point, thiab turbidity. Xeem index characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm lub hydrocarbon mus hlawv thaum uas tsis muaj kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub teeb kerosene yuav tsum muaj lub siab tshaj plaws tau nqi ntawm lub teeb xaus (i.e., cov kev txwv ntawm aliphatic hydrocarbons).

Hom teeb pom kev zoo kerosene

Qhov no compound tej zaum yuav muaj ob peb hom, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Cov feem ntau yog roj rau teeb KO-25. Thaum nws tsim ib tug kaj nplaim combustion uas tsis muaj hmoov quav tsim thiab lwm yam teeb meem sib txuas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj xws li hom illuminating kerosene li cov DA-20, DA-22, DA-30.

Tag nrho cov hom muaj tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov leej faj yog tsis ntau tshaj li 0,003 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov. Nws yog tib yam thiab ib tug acid tooj tsis tau siab tshaj cov nuj nqis ntawm 1.3%.

Kerosene teeb pom kev zoo KO-30 muaj qhov qis ceev, uas yog 0,790 grams ib cm ³ nyob ib tug kub ntawm 20 degrees. Cov tib daim duab, tab sis nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 0,830 grams ib cm ^3, koom mus rau ib tug KO-20.

Flash point rau DA-30 yog 48 degrees. Rau lwm yam kev kerosene, cov nqi no tsis poob rau hauv qab no plaub caug degrees. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov huab taw tes rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm -15 degrees. Tsuas yog illuminating kerosene qib KO-20 muaj ib tug huab point kub ntawm Rho tawm kaum ob degrees.

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom

Cia peb kawm saib yuav ua li cas npaum li cas koj yuav tsum tau siv cov nyiaj mus yuav kerosene. Nws nqi yuav nyob ntawm seb ntawm ntau yam, xws li nyob nws tus yam ntxwv.

Yog li, tus nqi rau roj rau teeb KO-25 pib thaum 35 rubles ib kilogram, los yog 50 xees ib liter, yog hais tias tus yuav nws nyob rau hauv tej. Nyob rau hauv lub thawv ntawm ib tug me me volume ntawm roj yuav kim kim (txog 70-100 rubles ib liter).

Teeb roj yog ib tug nrov khoom ntawm lub sij hawm no. Universal zoo cia nws nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam thiab thauj.