TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov": cov qauv thiab zeem muag

TAVKR "Admiral ntawm lub Fleet ntawm lub Soviet Union Kuznetsov" - lub xwb active kreyserny hnyav aircraft carrier nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov niaj hnub rog Fleet. Nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - lub tshem tawm ntawm lub loj heev nto lub hom phaj, tus tiv thaiv ntawm maritime fleets thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm liam yeeb ncuab ntxeem tau. Lub nkoj yog muaj npe tom qab N. G. Kuznetsova, Admiral ntawm lub Fleet ntawm lub USSR. Siv cov kev faib ntawm lub cruiser coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Nikolaev, ntawm ib shipyard nyob rau hauv Chernomorsk, tam sim no nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug tag nrho cov teeb ntawm lub sab qaum teb Fleet. Lub nkoj qab thus yuav tsum tau raws aircraft MIG-29K, pawg SU-25, SU-33 thiab helicopters hloov Ka-27/29 / 52K.

tsim

Designing TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" twb launched nyob rau hauv 1978 nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov PCB los ntawm Leningrad.

Muaj ntau ntau project tsim tau, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub kawg nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ships los yog tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qauv thiab sketches:

• Project 1153. Xaav npaj nkoj tsim rau 00 rau 70 tons, nws twb assumed haib riam phom khoom (tshwj tsis yog lub ntsiab pab pawg neeg aviation).
• № 1143 M. Lub hom phiaj yog mus rau qhov kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv lub cruiser supersonic Yak-41 ntsug nqa tawm.
• Ib tug tsab ntawm 1143. Nws muaj zoo sib xws nrog lub aircraft carrier lub yav dhau los tsim, tab sis nrog ib tug loj xaav (plaub aircraft carrier, ua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union).
• Project 1143,5 hnyav aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" - high-lub hwj chim, lub thib tsib thiab lub xeem Soviet-ua aircraft carrier nkoj.

Kawg kev cov ntaub ntawv twb npaj los ntawm nruab nrab-1980 Tej zaum qhov kev siv yog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 1990. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm uas tus me nyuam thiab commissioning yog lossi txav rau txawv yog vim li cas.

pib tsim

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1981 Shipbuilding tsob nroj nyob rau hauv Nikolayev tau txais ib qho nyuaj-yeej qho kev txiav txim rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshiab cruisers. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub teeb meem loj ntxiv thiab cov kev hloov no yog ua los rau peb tes num, lub ntsiab uas yog ua rau kom cov xaav ntawm cov hlab ntawm 10 txhiab tons.

Cov uas ua tus nqi ntawm no Performance index yog 67 000 t Ntxiv mus, lub nram qab no yam ntxwv hloov tau ua .:

• aboard lub nkoj yuav tsum tau muab nruab nrog lub installation ntawm RCC "Granite".
• Muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau nthuav lub cua pab pawg neeg ntawm mus txog 50 cov cav tov.
• Ib tug tseem ceeb kev hloov yog qhov tseeb hais tias lub lub community launch aircraft yuav tsum tau muab ua tsis muaj ib tug catapult los ntawm caij duav saum npu-dhia takeoff. Qhov no foundations tau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho thiab ntxiv cas sim haum cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub aircraft carrier.

finishing kev txhim kho

TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" thaum kawg qauv kom txog thaum 1982. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, lub nroog ntawm Nikolayev Shipyards. Xub thawj, lub nkoj twb hu ua "Riga", ib ob peb lub hlis tom qab tau renamed mus rau "Leonid Brezhnev". Los ntawm kawg ntawm lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub cruiser rau tag nrho cov kev pab cuam yog tus installation ntawm cov thawj lub tsev thaiv. Lub nkoj nws tus kheej (rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Soviet Union) muaj nkaus ntawm ob teb thaiv designs.

Qhov ntev ntawm txhua thaiv TAVKR PR. 11435 "Admiral Kuznetsov" yog hais txog 32 meters nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 13 m. Cov pawg ntawm txhua lub caij yog sib npaug zos rau 1.5-1.7 txhiab. Tonnes. Superstructure loj loj aircraft carrier kuj ua rau ib tug modular system. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias xws li ib lub nkoj, muaj ib tug coj mov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, seev thiab lwm yam khoom, yuav yuav tsum tau ua xwb plaub lub xyoos, nws yuav ua tau ib tug tsis cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, qeeb nrog lwm tus neeg thiab qeeb lag luam los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim los ruaj ncua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlab nyob rau hauv lub lag luam.

Installation onboard khoom

Lub aircraft carrier twb launched los ntawm cov stocks ntawm lub kawg ntawm 1985 xyoo. Pawg vaj tse nyob thiab ntsia lug tsis pub tshaj 32 000 tonnes. Developers tau kwv yees li kam nyob rau hauv / h 20506 hnyav aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" los ntawm 39%.

Tom ntej no xyoo rau lub teb chaws cov cab kuj yog tseem tsis muaj kev hloov. Tshiab Designer P. Sokolov tau ua kev kho me ntsis thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub 87th tseem tsis tiav txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub nkoj twb renamed dua. Tam sim no nws tau ua "Tbilisi". ntawv feem pua nce mus rau 60%. Qeeb los ntawm lwm tus yog tsis tau tso cai rau sai ua kom tiav qhov kev siv, 70% -s ntawv twb tiav xwb los ntawm tus kawg ntawm 1989

Tus nqi ntawm hnyav aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ntau tshaj li xya puas lab rubles. Tsis ntev dua hloov cov thawj ntawm cov designer, nws tau los ua L. Belov. Qhov loj ib feem ntawm hluav taws xob lo lus uas peb cov khoom tau ntsia nyob rau hauv plaub thiab ib nrab xyoo tom qab lub sijhawm, lub nkoj ntawv yog 80%.

Mus kev nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv

Qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim Lub kaum hli ntuj 20, 1989 Thaum lub sij hawm, lub aircraft carrier yog yuav luag npaj txhij, tsuas yog cov tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm lub chaw ua dav hlua pab pawg neeg. Maneuvers ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj ib lub hlis, yog twb thawj ntawm Kaum ib hlis no mus sib hais cog ntawm qhov Mig-29 thiab Su-27 twb nqa tawm hauv tib lub xyoo.

Nkaus mos txwv thiab xov tooj cua tshuab nyob rau hauv / h 20506 hnyav aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" yog tsim los pab xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo 1990 (tag nrho cov ntawv li cas txog 90%). Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm luv ua hiav txwv tej kev txom nyem hauv lub nkoj. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg lub nkoj tau txais qhov kawg lub npe nyob rau hauv uas mus taug kev tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub aircraft carrier ntawm nws tus kheej mastered ntau tshaj 16 txhiab miles. Nrog runways nkoj aircraft ua ze li tsib puas sorties. Tag nrho tsaws cruiser ua tau tsis xeev ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev uas rau kev pib lub xeem hlab ntsha - ib qho zoo heev tshwm sim.

Cov ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug tau ua kom tiav nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1990. Ntau tshaj ib xyoo dhau theem kawg ntawm lub xeev zoo tswj, tom qab uas lub nkoj twb muab rau sab qaum teb Fleet.

Kev nta

Raws li ib feem ntawm lub lawj thiab tus hneev trampoline tshwj xeeb fairings mounted. Uas twb muaj lawm aircraft rau lub lawj ntawm ib tug aircraft carrier raug dim los ntawm kev nqa kab, txhua tus uas tej zaum yuav muaj hwj chim dhau 40 tons. Lub lawj dav yog 67 meters. Qhov ntev ntawm lub cruiser sib npaug luag 305 meters, tus nqi ntawm nws cov deposits - 10.5 m.

Hom phiaj siv rau yuav tsaws aircraft lawj feem 250 thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 26 meters dav. Nws muaj ib tug nqes hav ntawm xya degrees. Ib tug khub ntawm yooj yim start-up bands.

Xyaw muaj TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" boiler thiab turbine, chetyrehvalnye nrog haib generators thiab diesel generators. Raws li propulsor protrude plaub screws (txhua txhia tus muaj 5 tuaj). Tswj mus txawv tebchaws ceev yog 29 pob caus ntawd (55 km / h). Lub autonomous navigation cruiser yuav nqa mus txog rau lub hlis. Cov neeg coob - yuav luag ob txhiab tus neeg.

weaponry

Hauv qab no yog cov kev sib ntaus los crews thiab tau ntawm ib tug aircraft carrier:

• Navigation system - "Beysur".
• Radar - "Mars-Passat", "Fregat-MA", "Tsoo", "Vaigach".
• Txhais tau tias kev hluav taws xob hom - CICS "Woodcutter" SJC "polynomial", "Star" complex "Buran-2", "Constellation - BR";
• Anti-aircraft mos txwv - 6 × 6 AK-630 (48 txhiab cov khoom siv.);
• Rockets - PU SCRC "Granite", "Dirk", "dagger";
• Antisubmarine riam phom (60 bombs) - RBU-12000;
• Group Aviation - tsib caug units (helicopters thiab dav hlau).

immensity

Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov greatness ntawm lub cruiser, tej zaum nws yuav muab sau tseg tias nws qhov siab yog piv rau 27-storeyed tsev. Hauv nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ze li ntawm plaub txhiab txawv chav. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho nws tau siv 4000 kilometers ntawm cable, 12,000 kilometers ntawm cov kav dej ntawm txawv diameters thiab functionality. Ib txhia nqais nyob hauv lub nkoj, muaj txog tsib caug daim. Hangar kaw hom (153 * 26 * 7.2 meters) accommodates kev pab pawg neeg 70 feem pua tej huab cua. Underwater yam ntxwv tiv thaiv muaj tej cuab yeej thiab longitudinal phab ntsa, nws tob - txog tsib meters.

Niaj hnub nimno kev luj xyuas ntawm peb tes num 1143,5

Saib nkoj yuav xyuam xim muab hu ua ib full-fledged aircraft carrier. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua ntseeg nkaws ces cov floating ntev-lub sij hawm siv. Feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm nws siv nyob rau hauv lub kho docks.

Tej neeg pab leg ntaubntawv yog rau daim phiaj. tawm ntawm lub hiav txwv feem ntau nrog los ntawm varying degrees ntawm extraordinary cov txheej xwm. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog hais tias txhua txhua ntev peb hlis ntuj cruiser mus nrog cov tug. Tsis ntev los no nkag tau mus rau lub Mediterranean Hiav txwv - lwm kabke.

Muaj ntau tos rau lub heavy aircraft carrier "Admiral Kuznetsov" thaum mus Syria. Thiab tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los nws tau tshwm sim. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis yog tsis muaj nws cov teeb meem, tab sis lub nkoj tseem tau kov yeej txoj kev muaj thiab rov qab. Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no ob xyoos nws yog npaj rau tom ntej no loj overhaul ntawm lub cruiser.