System CAD: tsim lub hom phiaj, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qauv

CAD systems muab ib tug CAD system uas yog siv rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem, kev noj kom zoo dua ntawm lub computer technology. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv no software tsim ib tug hauj thiab tsim ntaub ntawv rau ib tug neeg lub tsev khoom los yog kev tsim kho. Niaj hnub nimno CAD systems yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm teb ntawm kev ua si ntawm niaj hnub tug txiv neej, thiab yuav luag txhua tus nws muaj nws tus kheej cim hom xws cuab yeej.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Feem ntau abbreviated CAD yog pom tias yuav ua tau ib tug qauv English-language analog ntawm lub CAD lub sij hawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag nws tsis yog li ntawd. CAD tshuab tsis tau yuav tau raws li ib tug tag nrho CAD analogue li kev-quas system, vim qhov no yuav ua rau GOST kab lus nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo lus Askiv sib npaug ntawm lub sij hawm "computer los pab tsim qauv". Yog li, nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, lub sij hawm CAD txhais raws li ib tug CAE system, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv teb chaws qhov chaw qhia hais tias lub sij hawm CAE yog ib tug generic lub sij hawm uas muaj xws li kev siv ntawm tej computer technology nyob rau hauv engineering, kuj xws li CAM thiab CAD.

Yog vim li cas ua tau nws?

CAD systems yog siv mas nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav maximize lub efficiency thiab tsim tau ntawm cov engineers yog los ntawm kev muab tag nrho automation ntawm tus tsim thiab zus tau tej cov ntxiv kev kawm. Yog li, los ntawm virtue ntawm lawv cov kev siv raws li nram no zoo:

• ho thiaj li tsim lub sij hawm;
• txo tus nqi ntawm cov ua hauj lwm rau yuav tsum tau rau kev npaj thiab kev tsim qauv;
• ho thiaj li tag nrho cov nqi ntawm raug thiab tsim, uas ncaj qha muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm cov nqi;
• ua cov kev thiab economic theem, raws li zoo raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm peb tes num ua hauj lwm;
• txo tus nqi yuav tsum tau rau kev soj ntsuam thiab tag nrho-scale simulation.

Raws li cov tswv yim tam sim no CAD-tshuab siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm cov kws txawj uas koom nyob rau hauv tshe soj ntsuam, cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev tsim yuav tsum tau, pov thawj ntawm tus tsim, nws hloov thiab ib tug tswv tsev ntawm lwm yam uas.

Yuav ua raws li ib tug cia li tsim system yog thov raws li ib tug txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej uas tus tsim yog muab, thiab ntxiv duab thiab peb-dimensional modeling ntawm lug los yog loj thiab tiaj tus qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub preferential CAD-tshuab muaj xws li peb-dimensional siv simulation modules, raws li zoo raws li tsim drawings thiab tsim ntawm ntau yam ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv.

Lawv cov dej num mas raws li ob peb tsis:

• ntau yam thiab hom ntawm tus kwv;
• cov theem ntawm automation ntawm tus tsim cov txheej txheem;
• lub complexity ntawm yam khoom los yog tsim;
• Integrated automation ntawm tus txheej txheem;
• tus xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev siv;
• qhov xwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
• tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov theem uas yuav tsum tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov logistics.

npaj hom phiaj

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi zoo ntawm pom tau hais paub tab ntawm CAD-systems, lawv muab faib ua ob peb pab neeg: cov

• Automation ntawm lub peb-dimensional los yog two-dimensional geometric tsim, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm ntau yam hauj thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv.
• Tsim thiab creation ntawm ntxiv drawings.
• Khaws geometric modeling.
• Automation ntawm txawv engineering suav, nqa tawm ib tug dynamic simulation, thiab simulation tsom xam thiab lub cev dab tom pov thawj thiab optimization ntawm cov khoom.
• Subclass txhais tau tias CAE, siv rau computer tsom xam.
• Txhais tau hais tias rau kev siv technology tshiab kev npaj ntawm zus tau tej cov ntau yam khoom, uas automate programming txheej txheem thiab ntxiv tswj cov khoom nrog saj zawg zog cia li ntau lawm tshuab los yog cov cav tov.
• Txhais tau hais tias rau automation ntawm kev npaj cov txheej txheem, txawv dab yog siv tau nyob rau lub hlws ris ntawm CAM thiab CAD systems.

Feem ntau cov CAD systems yuav muab cov tshuaj ntawm ntau yam teeb meem, uas muaj feem rau ntau yam ntawm tus tsim - nws yog ib tug complex thiab kev system ntawm computer los pab tsim qauv (CAD).

Cov feem ntau txais thoob ntiaj teb kev faib

Niaj hnub nimno kev faib muab lawv mus rau hauv ob peb pawg:

• ntawm daim duab-taw qhia kom paub system, uas xub tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub seventies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo, tab sis tseem yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm;
• systems, tsim peb-dimensional hluav taws xob ua qauv ntawm cov khoom, uas nws tseem tau los daws tau ntau yam teeb meem txuam nrog rau simulation kom txog thaum lub lawm txheej txheem;
• system los ntawm kev uas txhawb lub tswvyim ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob khoom hauj lwm.

Lub Hom kawg yog ib tug technology uas saib kuas txoj kev loj hlob thiab ua raws li-up kev pab txhawb nqa ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob qauv thoob plaws nws lifecycle, xws li conceptual thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsim, tag nrho li, ntau lawm, technology kev kawm, lag luam, thiab recycling thiab kho.

Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus kev thiab scientific ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ntau yam lub xeev cov qauv CAD acronym yog kho raws li ib tug "computer los pab tsim qauv system," tiam sis feem ntau yog muaj raws nkaus Ii no mus rau lub tswvyim ntawm "tsim ua hauj lwm Automation System", tab sis nws yog ntau yooj yim rau to taub, yog li ntawd, nws yog pom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tsawg . Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias los ntawm nrhiav tus tsim nyob rau hauv CAD systems, koj yuav pom ib tug tsis yog txhais ntawm "computer los pab tsim qauv system", Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog inherently tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub tswvyim ntawm "tsis siv neeg" muab kiag ywj siab lag luam ntawm lub system tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau rau tej kev pab tib neeg, thaum lub sij hawm CAD tseem yuav tsum tau lub tua ntawm tej yam kev pab raws qib los ntawm tus txiv neej nws tus kheej, thiab ua kom tiav automation tsuas yog siv rau tej yam txheej txheem thiab cov kev khiav dej num .

Tsis heev nws txoj kuj yog xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li "Lub software los pab tsim qauv", raws li nws yuav tsum hu ua heev narrowly teem. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lub sij hawm no CAD xam tau tias yog ib hom raws li ib daim ntawv thov software yuav tsum tau rau lub project ua si, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv lub domestic ntaub ntawv thiab ntau yam CAD lub xeev tus qauv yog pom raws li ib tug peb-dimensional tswvyim, uas muaj xws li tsis tsuas software cuab yeej.

CAD nyob rau hauv lub kho hniav

Feem ntau ntawm niaj hnub kho hniav siv CAD. CAD-tshuab siv nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav rau qhov siv thiab ua high-zoo hniav cuav rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo yog siv rau cov kev ua abutments rau kev cog hniav, crowns thiab tag nrho cov hom ntawm prostheses, tag nrho cov ntawm cov khoom no yog ntawm zoo heev zoo thiab siab precision. Lub essence ntawm no technology lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias chiv nqa tawm peb-dimensional modeling los tsim designs rau lub computer, thiab xwb ces, siv tus tsim qauv, raug manufactured nyob rau hauv lub milling unit.

Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho hniav tau txais ntau yam zoo vim nws siv nyob rau hauv lub CAD technology. CAD-tshuab nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav yog feem ntau siv raws li nram no:

• Thawj tus kws kho mob nqa tawm qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cam khwb cia, uas yog ces xa mus rau laboratory;
• tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm ib tug cam khwb cia yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb scanner los ua ib tug qauv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej yam khoom;
• Nws los nyob rau hauv-CAD-system: 3D qauv yog hloov mus rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav pab tau raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau lub milling tsev;
• Siv lub resulting duab, cov milling chav tsev yog nqa cev siv thiab ua cov tshwj xeeb dawb paug ua los ntawm zirconium oxide;
• thaum kawg ua ncej kom huv si npog lub hub lub cev thiab ci.

CAD / CAM-system nyob rau hauv cov kev kho hniav crowns cia raug zirconia, uas txawv los ntawm cov loj ntawm cov hlau cov khoom zoo. By lawv tus kheej, cov khoom muaj tsis yog tej yam sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov hniav li xim xaiv yog tseem nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ncej ntau lawm. Ntxiv tshwj xeeb ncej kom huv si coated tej hub lub cev muaj ib tug translucent thiab ib lub teeb pob tshab qauv, thiab kuj muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws palette sufficiently ntau ntawm cov xim, li no muab siv crowns Zoo li tej yam ntuj tso cov hniav.

Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub zirconium oxide muaj siab biocompatibility, txawm thaum muab piv rau precious hlau, thiab nruab nrab yog gippoallergenny khoom, uas yog paub tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm scientific tshawb fawb soj ntsuam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, crowns raws li zirconium oxide coj tsis tus tsuas yog zoo ntawm cov khoom, uas yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua CAD / CAM-system. CNC tshuab raws li nyob rau hauv cov yees tso cai rau ua:

• txawv choj;
• ib ntus crowns;
• ib tug neeg abutments.

Dhau li ntawm tus twb hais zirconia nyob rau hauv lub tsim txoj kev yuav siv tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, xws li yas, waxes, cobalt, titanium, chromium.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov zoo?

Cov yees muab kev pab xws li:

• Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau precision raug nrog me deviations;
• Tag nrho cov automation ntawm muaj dab ntau lawm, uas zoo eliminates tau yuam kev;
• muaj peev xwm siv ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
• tau modeling cov txheej txheem thiab zus tau tej cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sib txawv;
• marginal productivity ntawm tej kev tu ncua dab.

CAD nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering

CAD-system (T-FLEX CAD, etc.) tau pom haum ntau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm engineering kev lag luam, uas txawv nyob rau hauv peb ntau ntau - lub sab, nruab nrab thiab Upper. Qhov no sib cais nyob ntawm lub lem ntawm lub eighties thiab nineties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Cov theem sab muaj xws li ib tug CAD / CAM / CAE-system nrog ib tug me me nqi, uas yog tsuas yog taw qhia kom paub mus rau lub 2D-graphics, uas yog tswj mas thaum kom cov automation nqus tej hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug kev them nyiaj yug ntsws CAD system siv tus kheej computers, uas yog twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas ho ua tsis tau zoo rau lub functionality ntawm ib tug tag nrho-fledged workstation.

ib lub-theem system, los yog, raws li lawv yog feem ntau hu ua, mob CAD, tsim los siv tau rau ntau yam workstations los yog mainframes. Cov systems twb npaum li cas ntau ntau yam, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab muaj ib tug kuj muaj nqi, mas tsom rau saum npoo thiab khoom modeling. Ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm nqus cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau nqa tawm los ntawm pre-txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb geometry ntawm peb-dimensional qauv. Tom qab hais tias, cov system nyob rau hauv uas cov kev ua ntawm 3D-modeling twb tas rau xwb khoom qauv, piv txwv li, occupying ib nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm qhov hnyav thiab lub teeb, tau txais lawv tus kheej, qhov nruab nrab theem.

Rau hnub tim, lub kev loj hlob ntawm CAD software twb coj mus rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau midrange pib tshwm tshwj xeeb nto modeling cov cuab yeej thiab nta uas muaj siv nyob rau hauv tus kheej computers, nws tau kuj ua tau rau niaj hnub ntau dua-theem tshuab. Vim rau qhov no, txawm hloov lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas ua ntej lawm nqa lub txim hluav taws xob ntawm medium thiab hnyav systems. Niaj hnub nimno hnyav theem ntawm CAD-tshuab yog tam sim no feem ntau hu ua CAE / CAD / CAM / PDM, uas yog, cov neeg uas ib txhij muaj xws li nta xws li:

• hauj thiab engineering design;
• engineering tsom xam;
• tswj tsim ntaub ntawv;
• ib txhab tshwj xeeb software modules.

Rau hauv sib piv, cov niaj hnub system ntawm theem ob hu ua mainstream, mid-range los yog ib tug serial.

ib theem ntawm lub kaw lus yuav tsum tau hu ua rau functionality kwv yees li sib npaug, raws li ib co tshiab uas uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam kev pab cuam-methodical complex, nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav tsum muab los siv nyob rau hauv tshiab versions ntawm lwm tus neeg. Lub CAD loj tuam txhab uas muag feem ntau txaus los ua kom muab ntau systems ntawm txawv muaj ntau seem. Feem ntau qhov no yog vim lub fact tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tsim cov txheej txheem yuav nqa tawm nyob rau hauv CAD-systems, nruab nrab thiab qib qis, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, heavy yog kim heev. Nws yog vim li no qhauj yuav ntawv tso cai top-level cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj tsawg tus naj npawb, thiab cov loj feem ntau ntawm niaj hnub qhua tuaj noj mov bases yog muab los ntawm lub qis thiab theem nrab ntau.

Yog li feem ntau heev tshwm sim hais tias lub CAD / CAE-tshuab muaj tej yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev pauv, tab sis xws teeb meem yog solved los ntawm kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb tawm tswv yim thiab cov lus coj CALS-technology, txawm hais tias rau undistorted kis tau tus mob geometrical cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intermediate standardized lus muaj los mus kov yeej tej teeb meem.

qauv

Zoo li lwm yam kev complex systems, CAD xws li ob peb subsystems uas yuav projecting los yog nyiaj.

Tus thawj koom tes nrog cov tam sim ntawd kev siv ntawm ntau yam project ua ub no. Raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li ib tug subsystem yuav ua rau peb-dimensional geometric modeling ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab cov khoom Circuit Court tsom xam, tsim tsim cov ntaub ntawv los yog cov PCB txoj lw tebchaw.

Muab subsystems yog tsim los kom cov lag luam ntawm projection, thiab lawv thaum lawv tseem yog feem ntau cov kws txawj hu ua lub system ntawm CAD ib puag ncig. Raws li raug pab subsystems yog feem ntau siv database tswj tsim cov ntaub ntawv, ntau yam kev subsystems ntawm txoj kev loj hlob thiab tom ntej txij nkawm ntawm NAB software, raws li zoo raws li txoj kev kawm tsim los pab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm technology cov neeg siv, siv nyob rau hauv CAD.

Structuring ntawm sib txawv pub kom tshwm sim yam ntawm CAD software, uas niaj hnub no emit tsuas muaj xya:

• txij nkawm, uas muaj xws li ntau yam kho vajtse ;
• zauv, sib txuas ntau yam xyuam xim txoj kev, algorithms thiab cov qauv;
• software, CAD yog ib tug computer program;
• Cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj xws li ib tug database, cov database system tswj thiab ib tug plurality ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim cov txheej txheem;
• lus, qhia raws li ib tug cov lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov computer thiab designers, lus pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm CAD thiab kev txhais tau tias ntawm programming lus;
• methodical, uas muaj xws li tag nrho cov hom ntawm tsim technology;
• lub koom haum, ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj hauj lwm qhia, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm uas cov kev cai ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim qhauj.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tag nrho cov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim cov txheej txheem, cov kws tshwj xeeb hu ua ntaub ntawv chaw CAD. Ib tug database yog ib tug txiav txim kom tso cov ntaub ntawv, uas qhia qhov sib txawv yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev sib raug nyob rau hauv ib qho kev kawm cheeb tsam. Mus saib tau hauv database rau txoj kev tshawb no, txias thiab tom ntej cov ntaub ntawv kho yog ua los ntawm lub database, thiab ib co ntawm cov databases thiab database hu ua lub BND, uas yog, cov ntaub ntawv bank.

kev faib

CAD / CAM tsim systems yog txwv kom muab zais raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov nta xws li daim ntawv thov, kawg siv, lub scale (yuav ua li cas txoj kev pab raws qib yog solved), thiab qhov xwm ntawm tus yooj yim subsystem.

Rau daim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov feem ntau nrov thiab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm CAD yog muab cov nram qab no pawg:

• siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev engineering (whereby lawv yog hu ua cov tshuab-tsev);
• siv nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm electronics;
• siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab architecture.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tseem muaj heev ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb systems los yog faib rau cov pab pawg, los yog ib tug tag nrho ywj siab ceg cais. Raws li ib tug ua piv txwv piv txwv li, loj CAD kev circuits, hluav taws xob machinery, aircraft thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm tus neeg.

Lub scale ntawm txawv ib tug neeg kho vajtse thiab methodical ceg, nrog rau txoj check lub dag lub zog ntawm ntau yam cov neeg kho tshuab cov khoom raws li cov finite caij txoj kev los yog lub complex xeem circuitry li zoo li ib tug system nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb architecture tsis tsuas software tab sis kuj kev them nyiaj yug.

Basic subsystem

Muaj nyob rau nram qab no hom ntawm CAD:

• Raws li subsystem ntawm geometric modeling thiab computer graphics. Tej CAD systems mas taw qhia kom paub mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv sau npe, nyob rau hauv uas raws li lub ntsiab tsim txoj kev ua rau cov kev siv, uas yog ib tug ntshiab txhais ntawm spatial cov ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li lub sib nrig sib qhov chaw ntawm tus kwv. Uas yog vim li cas qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li ntau CAD ntawm mechanical engineering, raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm graphics cores. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, nws ua ntau txaus siv unified graphics tub ntxhais.
• Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub database. Lawv mas taw qhia kom paub mus rau cov neeg daim ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas muaj yog tau kev ib tug kuj yooj yim zauv, txaus ua loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov kev thiab economic daim ntaub ntawv, xws li tus tsim ntawm ua lag ua luam kev pab them nqi, tiam sis feem ntau lawv yog siv thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm loj tej khoom xws li tswj panels nyob rau hauv tsis siv neeg tshuab.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tseem muaj kev CAD, uas muaj xws li ib tug subsystem ntawm tag nrho cov yav tas los hom. Raws li kev piv txwv ntawm tej complex tshuab yog muaj nqis los software, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub engineering, los yog CAD LSI. Cov yav tas muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab siab DBMS subsystem, tej logic Cheebtsam thiab tsim, muaju topology, raws li zoo raws li kev ntsuam xyuas rau Ntsuam xyuas cov validity ntawm manufactured khoom. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej kom zoo tswj ntawm xws complex cov kev pab cuam, nws txiav txim siab los siv ib tug tshwj xeeb system tej kev kawm.