Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs nyob rau hauv 1526 thiab nws cov txim. Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub tib lub npe nyob rau hauv 1687

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs - ib tug sib ntaus sib tua uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Hungary. Nws tseem hu ua lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, uas coj qhov chaw nyob ze lub zos. Cov ob fights tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb heev rau lub Central European lub teb chaws, txoj hmoo uas tau zoo txog rau Turkish txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Cov txheej xwm yog cov tshwm sim ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub Ottoman Empire los nthuav nws lub teb chaws nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub Slavic thiab German xeev, uas yog lawm los ib tug backlash cov zos neeg thiab lub teb chaws, uas tau nyob rau hauv qhib confrontation.

Yuavtsum tau kawm uantej Thawj sib ntaus sib tua

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs nyob rau hauv 1526 yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm txoj sab hauv thiab sab nraud contradictions uas tau sau nyob rau hauv lub Kingdom ntawm Hungary ntawm lub lem ntawm 15-16 centuries. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, muaj koob muaj npe hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws loj tsis muaj zog txaus lub xeev nraus los ntawm sab hauv strife thiab contradictions uas tau coj mus rau heev heev neeg pluag revolts, raws li zoo raws li lub kuj ntawm lub teb chaws minorities tiv thaiv Magyarization txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog tseem nyob rau hauv ib tug es tsis yooj yim txoj hauj lwm. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias vim lub sib cais ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb pauv kev thiab poob rau ntawm lub Danube txoj kev nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pejxeem yog ib tug ncaj uas tsis muaj qib. Tag nrho cov no pab mus rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Ottoman tub rog nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua.

Cov kawm tuab si lug ntawm rog

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs nyob rau hauv 1526 tshwm sim nyob rau ib tug me me kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Danube dej. Muaj converged Hungarian thiab lub Ottoman tub rog, lub tom kawg outnumber cov tub rog thiab nws tus nrog sib ntaus ob zaug. Kuv txib los ntawm Sultan Suleiman kuv, thiab cov Hungarian pab tub rog coj los ntawm Korol Layosh II. Lub caj qaum ntawm nws kev sib ntaus los rog twb mercenaries los ntawm lub nyob sib ze Slavic lub teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm German principalities. Tab sis nws lub zog twb ho tsis muaj zog txaus los ntawm lub fact tias nws pab twb tsis lub sij hawm tuaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, Croatian knights, raws li zoo raws li cov nyiaj them yug Transylvanian None. Hungarians ua loj bets rau lub cavalry, uas, raws li lawv tej kev npaj, yuav tsum zuaj Turkish infantry nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm cannons.

Cov chav kawm ntawm lub ntaus sib tua

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs pib nrog lub Hungarian cavalry nres rau ntawm lub Turkish infantry. Thaum xub thawj, txoj kev vam meej nrog lawv, thiab lawv pib npaj rau thawb tus yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Pom no kawm tau zoo, cov Hungarian pab tub rog onslaught intensified thiab pib mus nrhiav cov retreating yeeb ncuab, tab sis tsis ntev tuaj nyob rau hauv crossfire Turkish phom. Muaj loj txog zauv superiority nyob rau hauv rog, cov Turks pib thawb lawv mus rau lub Danube thiab tiv thaiv tau ib lub koom haum tawm. Nyob ntawm tus Hungarian troops khiav, qhov seem uas yog tau yuav thiab tua pov tseg. Thaum lub sij hawm tawm, thiab tua tus huab tais nrog nws tog. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs Ottoman tub rog qhib txoj kev mus rau lub Hungarian capital, uas poob ob lub lis piam tom qab.

los

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no sib ntaus sib tua muaj dire txim tsis tsuas yog rau cov Hungary tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Central teb chaws Europe. Qhov no yeej coj mus rau kis ntawm Ottoman cawv thiab domination nyob rau hauv lub Balkans. Tus heev tib lub nceeg vaj twb muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: nyob rau hauv lub kov yeej pawg neeg thaj av ntawm Ottoman Hungary twb tsim, thiab cov peripheral sab qaum teb thiab Western qhov chaw tau annexed los ntawm lub Austrian Habsburgs. Neighborhood Ottomans tsim ib tug loj kev hem thawj rau European lub teb chaws, uas coj mus rau lawv cov union mus tua cov Turkish domination.

Tom qab Ob txhais sib ntaus sib tua

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohacs nyob rau hauv 1687 yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub Great Turkish ua tsov ua rog, uas yog ib tug series ntawm kev tsis sib haum 70-80s ntawm lub Ottoman Empire thiab cov European teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas. Nyob rau hauv no hais, muaj ob peb kev tsov kev rog nrog cov neeg koom uas yog peb lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, qhov loj teeb meem tsoo tawm ntawm lub Austrian Habsburgs thiab lub Turkish sab.

Direct teeb meem pib nyob rau hauv 1683, thaum lub imperial sab kev tswj kom Repulse lub Turkish siege ntawm Vienna, tom qab uas cov teg num kis mus rau cov Europeans. Lub Austrians tswj kom tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev vam meej, nyob rau hauv particular, peb yeej ib tug xov tooj ntawm fortresses, tab sis lawv lub ntsiab kawm tau lub capture ntawm lub Hungarian capital Buda.

sib ntaus sib tua

Tom qab no, lub imperial troops txiav txim siab los ua tiv thaiv lub Turks. Lawv rog tau sib cais mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw, nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua Karla Lotaringskogo thiab Maximilian II. Austrians ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv tsav tsheb lub Turks, txawm lub fact tias cov tom qab zoo heev ua ntaj riam thaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub yeej muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau heev yooj yim, poob lub Europeans heev me me, thaum lub Turks poob lub ntsiab quab yuam thiab riam phom.

Qhov no yeej coj mus rau ib tug muaj kev ntxhov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, ib tug coup thiab ib tug kev hloov ntawm tsoom fwv. Tom qab no sib ntaus sib tua lub Habsburgs mas yuav kis tau rau txoj kev mus rau lub Hungarian crown thiab sim ua kom lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Mohács nyob rau hauv 1526 thiab lub yeej nws tau tsis nco qab lawm. Ua li no, lawv yeej nyob rau hauv 1687 tau muab lub tib lub npe, txawm hais tias tus sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw ib ob peb kilometres ntawm lub zos no.