Seelow Heights. Lub sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Seelow Heights

Qhov kawg ntawm tus thib ob World War muaj ib qho kev ua phem Seelow Heights, nyob sab hnub tuaj ntawm Berlin. Qhov no yog tiag tiag ib tug zoo kawg sib ntaus sib tua tsom zoo kawg heroism thiab txi ntau cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Soviet Army ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum tsawg tshaj li ib lub hlis sab laug ua ntej lub Great yeej.

Seelow Heights - ib tug caj ntawm toj, nyob rau hauv 50-60 km rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Berlin, nyob rau sab laug txhab nyiaj ntawm lub oder. Lawv ntev 20 thiab dav - 10 km. Lawv ntauwd tshaj hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej tsis ntau tshaj li 50 m.

German ua tub rog tiv thaiv

Seelow Heights nyob rau hauv 1945 - yog ib tug heev fawm kib tiv thaiv rog ntawm Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lawv cov tub rog tiv thaiv, ua yuav luag 2 xyoo. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm lub German 9 Army yog precisely los mus tiv thaiv cov Seelow Heights.

Fascist hais kom tsim no lub 2nd kab kws muaj txuj ci muaj trenches, lub trenches rau lub anti-tank riam phom thiab artillery, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm bunkers thiab tshuab-phom platforms, thiab antipersonnel obstacles. Cais lug ua raws li siv cov ntsiab lus. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej mus rau lub heights twb khawb anti-tank ditch nrog ib tug dav ntawm 3.5 thiab ib tug tob - 3 m. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov le caag los lub defensive lug tau huv si mined, raws li zoo raws li tus ntoo khaub lig-cheb me me-caj npab thiab artillery hluav taws.

9 German Army, uas tiv thaiv lub Seelow Heights, muaj 14 infantry kev sib cais, muaj ntau tshaj li 2.5 txhiab. Kas tham ntawm artillery thiab anti-aircraft phom thiab 600 tso tsheb hlau luam.

German tiv thaiv

Lub peb hlis ntuj 20 General Heyndritsi tsa los hais kom ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm "Vistula" cov tub rog. Nws twb yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv tus kheej. Nws paub ua ntej tias lub Soviet Army yuav xa nws lub ntsiab nres raws txoj kev loj, tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw uas tau nyob rau hauv lub Seelow Heights.

Hendritsi tsis ntxiv dag zog rau dej bank. Tiam sis, nws siv ib tug prime qhov chaw ntawm heights los ntawm kev uas lub oder. Lub floodplain ntawm tus dej nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tau yeej ib txwm tau tag nrho ntawm dej nyab, ces tus German engineers rhuav tshem cov thawj feem ntawm lub pas dej tauv, thiab ces tso cov dej ntws los. Yog li, lub tiaj muab rau hauv ib cov hav iav. Qab nws muaj peb kab kws muaj txuj ci: thawj - ib tug system ntawm ntau yam tiv thaiv, barricades thiab trenches; thib ob - Seelow Heights, lub sib ntaus sib tua rau leej twg yuav khiav los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 16 mus rau 19; peb - kab "Wotan", nyob 17-20 kilometers qab rau pem hauv ntej kab nws tus kheej.

By pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub 56th German Panzer Corps muaj txog 50 txhiab. Txiv neej. Tom qab lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv Berlin twb tau mus ua txhaum xwb 13-15 txhiab. Cov tub rog, uas tom qab tau los ua tus defenders ntawm lub Nazi capital.

Qhov chaw ntawm Soviet troops

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 9 poob Königsberg - kawg bastion ntawm East Prussia. Ces 2nd Belorussian Pem hauv ntej, txib los ntawm Marshal Rokossovsky, coj lub sab hnub tuaj txhab nyiaj ntawm lub oder. Ces ob lub lis piam rau redeploy Soviet pab tub rog. Meanwhile, lub 1 Belorussian Pem hauv ntej feeb meej nws pab tub rog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm heights. South muaj tebchaw ntawm lub 1 Ukrainian coj los Marshal Konev.

Tag nrho cov nyob ze Seelow heights twb 2.5 lab cov neeg, ntau tshaj 6 txhiab. Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam, kuj muaj nyob ntawm no, thiab nws tus kheej-propelled artillery, 7.5 txhiab. Dav hlau, hais txog 3 txhiab. "Katyusha" thiab 41 txhiab. Cug thiab artillery chim.

sib ntaus sib tua

16 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1 Belorussian Pem hauv ntej mus rau hauv lub offensive thiab hla tus thawj kab kws muaj txuj ci. By yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub tib lub hnub nws tau ntsib nrog rau cov muaj zog kam mus rau lub Germans tiv thaiv lub Seelow Heights. Lub sib ntaus sib tua heev heev tsiv. Nyob rau ntawm ob kab kws muaj txuj ci yuav tsum tau rov qab los-division tus nrog sib ntaus. Cov kev ceev ntawm artillery rau ob tog ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev uas mus raws tus heights mus txog txog 200 phom rau 1 km.

Nyob rau hauv thawj hnub los rau accelerate lub ua ntej ntawm lub Soviet troops tau ua. Yuav ua li cas ib tug sib ntaus ob tank cov tub rog tau ua tswvcuab. Tab sis nws tsis tau coj lub yam tshwm sim. Mobile cov chav nyob thiab infantry raug yuam kom muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug grueling sib ntaus. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tank battles ntawm lub ntiaj teb no twb tsis tshua muaj tsausmuag thiab ntshav. Tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 17, tom qab ib tug haib huab cua thiab artillery bombardment ntawm cov yeeb ncuab defenses rau ntawm lub ntsiab kab tau lov.

Nplhaib nyob ib ncig ntawm Berlin

Tam sim no historians yog sim kom to taub tias yuav tsum tau no ntshav sib ntaus sib tua thiab yog nkag mus Marshal Zhukov, tso qhov yooj yim dua txoj kev - Berlin ncig. Cov neeg uas yog ntawm lub tswv yim rau lub advisability ntawm kev noj cov German capital nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib, yog vim li cas tsis pom lub cuab kev, namely, quantitative thiab zoo muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tus tiv thaiv garrison lub zos. 9 German thiab 4 Armored Army, nyob ib paaj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub oder, muaj txog 200 txhiab. Txiv neej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab lawv txawm lub slightest lub sij hawm los tsiv mus nyob rau Berlin thiab yog li ua nws defenders.

Zhukov txoj kev npaj

Nws twb yees ua ingenious nyob rau hauv nws cov simplicity lub tswv yim. Raws li nws, lub tank cov tub rog yuav tsum tau coj ib txoj hauj nyob rau hauv lub tuaj txog pem ntwg Berlin thiab tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug cocoon. Nws ua hauj lwm yog los mus tiv thaiv lub strengthening ntawm lub garrison ntawm lub German capital at the expense of txhiab ntawm lub 9 Army, raws li zoo raws li tseg rog uas yuav tuaj los ntawm sab hnub poob.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog twb tsis npaj. Ua ntej, nws yog tsim nyog los tos tus mus kom ze ntawm lub Soviet ua ke caj npab formations. Ces tus "cocoon" yuav tsum qhib, thiab tom qab uas tau los nyob rau saum Berlin.

Npaj txhij tig Marshala Koneva nyob rau hauv lub German capital, raws li historians hais tias, tau coj mus rau ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus thawj lub tswv yim Zhukov. Xeeb "cocoon" tau los ua ib tug classic puag ncig nrog kev pab los ntawm ob uas nyob ib sab flanks yog ib tug xov tooj ntawm fronts. Yuav luag tag nrho cov rog ntawm lub 9 German Army tau daig nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub peev. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov biggest xwb ntawm lub fascist pab tub rog, yog li ntawd undeservedly tseem nyob rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov storming ntawm Berlin.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub peev ntawm lub Peb Reich defended xwb mej zeej ntawm lub Hitler hluas, cov remnants ntawm lub siab tawg tag qhov chaw ntawm lub oder thiab cov tub ceev xwm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 100 txhiab. Txiv neej. Xws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm defenders los mus tiv thaiv lub nroog, raws li keeb kwm tau pom tias, nws yog tsis txaus.