Sab hnub tuaj lo lus nug

"Eastern Lus Nug" raws li ib tug lub tswv yim sawv nyob rau hauv lub lig 18th xyoo pua, li cas los xij, raws li ib tug diplomatic lub sij hawm nws los ua noj nrog lub 30s ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo. Nws yug los, nws yog yuam ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd mus rau peb yam tseem ceeb: lub poob ntawm ib zaug haib Ottoman Empire, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub liberation zog tiv thaiv Turkish oppression, thiab cov hliav ntawm lub contradictions ntawm European lub teb chaws rau supremacy nyob rau hauv lub Middle East.

Lub "Eastern Lus Nug", nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub zoo European powers, Tim lyiv teb chaws, Syria tau muab kev koom tes, ib feem ntawm lub Caucasus, etc.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, lub faj tim teb chaws ntawm lub Ottoman Turks, ib zaug Muab ntawm ntshai heev, poob rau hauv disrepair. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov nws yog muaj txiaj ntsim nyob rau hauv Austria, uas tswj tau los ntawm kev Hungary mus rau lub Balkans, thiab Russia, los nthuav nws ciam teb rau lwm cov neeg Dub hiav txwv nyob rau hauv qhov kev cia siab ntawm ncav tsis cuag thiab lub Mediterranean coasts.

Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub revolt ntawm lub Greeks nyob rau hauv lub 20th xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Qhov kev tshwm sim thiab yuam kom cov sab hnub poob mus ua. Tom qab qhov tsis kam ntawm cov Turkish sultan mus txais lub ywj pheej ntawm cov Greeks alliance ntawm Lavxias teb sab, British thiab Fabkis pab tub rog puas lub Turkish thiab Iyiv naval flotilla. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tim Nkij teb chaws twb dim los ntawm Turkish txoj cai, thiab Moldavia, Wallachia thiab Serbia - lub Balkan lub xeev ntawm lub Ottoman Empire - muaj autonomy, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua tuaj mus rau ib lub taub hau "Eastern Lus Nug" twb muab kev koom tes rau tag nrho cov Middle Eastern cov khoom ntawm lub Ottoman Qaib ntxhw: Tim lyiv teb chaws yeej los ntawm nws Overlord Syria, thiab tsuas yog cov kev pab ntawm ces pab kom tau nws rov qab.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, muaj yog lwm qhov teeb meem: txoj cai hla lub straits ntawm lub Dardanelles thiab lub Bosphorus, uas yog tswj los ntawm lub Turks. Nyob rau hauv lub Convention, tsis muaj warship ntawm lwm lub xeev twb tsis muaj txoj cai mus kis tau los ntawm cov nqaim ntawm daim zajlus, thaum qaib ntxhw yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev kaj siab.

Qhov no yog tsis tooj mus rau kev txaus siab ntawm Russia. "Eastern Lus Nug" nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 coj lwm lem rau lub Lavxias teb sab tom qab nws ua raws li ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm lub Turks nyob rau hauv tsov rog tiv thaiv cov Iyiv Pasha. Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub yeej ntawm cov Ottoman tub rog huab tais Nikolai thawj qhia cov Bosphorus nws squadron thiab tsaws heev heev tub rog, ostensibly los tiv thaiv Istanbul.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, daim ntawv cog lus tau ua, raws li uas nyob rau hauv lub Turkish straits yuav nkag mus rau tsuas Lavxias teb sab warships.

Kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov forties, tus "Eastern Lus Nug" escalated. Chaw nres nkoj, cog lus los txhim kho lub neej nyob tej yam kev mob ntawm cov Christian ib feem ntawm nws cov pejxeem, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, puas tau tsis muaj dab tsi. Thiab rau lub Balkan lub teb chaws tsuas yog ib txoj kev tawm: mus pib ib lub armed nriaj tiv thaiv lub Ottoman quab. Thiab ces lub Lavxias teb sab Tsar demanded tias lub Sultan txoj cai txog kev tiv thaiv Orthodox kawm, tab sis Sultan tsis kam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws pib Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov ua rog, uas twb nrog lub yeej ntawm lub tsarist pab tub rog.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Russia poob, Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov ua rog yog ib yam ntawm cov decisive cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv qhov "Eastern Lus Nug". Tus txheej txheem ntawm liberation ntawm lub South Slav haiv neeg. Turkish txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub Balkans tau txais ib tug hauv ntiaj teb no tshuab.

"Eastern Lus Nug" nyob rau hauv Russia lub txawv teb chaws txoj cai occupies ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, muaj ob lub ntsiab lus qhia rau nws: qhov no yog qhov Caucasus thiab lub Balkans.

Sim los nthuav lawv holdings nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, lub Lavxias teb sab czar sim los xyuas kom meej muaj kev ruaj ntseg kev sib txuas lus nrog rau tag nrho cov tshiab khiv nyob ib cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Balkans, nyob hauv zos tau nrhiav los pab Lavxias teb sab tub rog uas Ottoman troops muaj tawv ncauj tsis kam.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Serbian thiab Bulgarian tuaj pab dawb huab tais nws cov tub rog coj hauv lub nroog ntawm Adrianople, li no muab xaus rau kev tsov rog.

Thiab Kara kev taw qhia tau dim ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm thaj Armenia, uas tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov tub rog phiaj los nqis tes.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug ntawv cog lus tau kos npe, uas hais tias Russia tau txais ib tug txaus loj cheeb tsam ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv seem ntawm lub Caucasus, raws li zoo raws li ntau Armenian cheeb tsam. Qhov teeb meem yog lawm thiab cov Greek autonomy.

Yog li, Russia twb tau nws lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv lub Armenian thiab Greek cov haiv neeg.