Rurik: biography, yug los ntawm cov chronicle

Ib qho ntawm feem enigmatic nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws yog tus founder ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab xeev - tub huabtais Rurik. Nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm learn, cov lus teb uas historians tseem tabtom nrhiav tau rau centuries. Cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv tau gleaned mas los ntawm lub chronicle ntawm lub XII xyoo pua, lub npe hu ua lub "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo". Nws compiler feeb xam tau tias yog ib tug monk ntawm lub Kiev-Pechersk Monastery Nestor, canonized los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox ntawm cov neeg ntseeg.

Rurik. Biography, tag nrho ntawm riddles

Nyob rau hauv lub sib cav tswv yim txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov tub huabtais, zaum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb pawg. Cov no yog cov mas los ntawm UFW ntawm nws Scandinavian keeb kwm thiab cov neeg uas ntseeg tias nws tuaj los ntawm ib pawg ntawm lub thaj Slavs - Obodrits nyob ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Elbe thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub neej tshiab nimno Saxony. Ib tug ntawm cov hypotheses qhia nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, qhia nws nrog lub zoo tshaj plaws uas kav lub ancient Denmark - Rorikom, mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug formidable conqueror thiab lub conqueror ntawm ntau pab pawg neeg.

Nws tseem yog ib qho ntseeg hais tias lub teb chaws (los yog pab pawg), los ntawm cov uas tuaj Rurik, twb hu ua "Rus". Qhov no txiav txim lub npe ntawm lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, lub hauv paus uas nws yog rho, thiab cov haiv neeg ntawm nws cov inhabitants. Yuav ua li cas yog cov haiv neeg hauv paus hniav ntawm tus tiers, nws tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej rau hnub no, raws li txhim khu kev qha cov pov thawj los txhawb ib tug los yog lwm lub hom phiaj, yog tsis tshua muaj me me. Nws muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ib tug kawm ntawv kev cog qoob loo hais tias Russ ua lub ntsis raug tsim los ntawm lub xeev thiab lub tam sim ntawd ib puag ncig ntawm tus tub huabtais.

Tsim ib tug Slavic lub xeev

Keeb kwm Rurik piav Nestor, nws hais tias nyob rau hauv 862 pab pawg neeg, lub npe hu ua Chud, tag nrho, Krivichi thiab Ilmen Slavs, xav ua kom tau ntxuav tag nrho cov ntawm lawv pawg neeg thaj av. Rau lub hom phiaj no, lawv raug caw mus kav lawv Varyag - uas los ntawm Scandinavia. Thiab lawv muab tau lub legendary tub huabtais Rurik. Nws biography pib nrog lub fact tias, muaj txog nyob rau hauv Novgorod thiab tsim kom muaj nws txoj cai muaj, nws muaj peev xwm mus sib sau ua ke ntau disparate av dag raws Volkhov. Tom qab ntawd, nws tswj los mus tsim ib tug haib tshaj lub xeev nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tuaj koom lub Novgorod thiab Kievan Rus.

Mysteries txuam nrog cov tsos ntawm Rurik nyob rau hauv Russia

Cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas dabneeg tseeb version ntawm nws tuaj nyob rau hauv Russia, hu ua "Hu Vikings", yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev sib tham ntawm kws tshawb fawb. Muaj skeptics uas yog inclined mus ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj tau ua ib tug tub rog ntxeem tau ntawm Norsemen uas tau seized hwj chim nyob rau hauv Novgorod pawg neeg thaj av thiab tau los ua tus rulers muaj. Chronicler ntawm ob centuries tsuas hnav tus kheej ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, tsis txhob thuam lub meej mom ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas yog ib tus tau xaiv, feeb, peb ua raws li cov version teem tawm nyob rau hauv lub "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo".

Nestor hais tias Rurik tuaj nrog nws tus kwv tij - sineus thiab truvor, los ua rulers Beloozero thiab Izborsk. Txawm li cas los, ob lub xyoos tom qab lawv tau tuag, thiab tag nrho cov hwj chim yog nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm tus founder ntawm Russia. Qhov ntawd yog lwm paub tsis meej - yog vim li cas mam li nco dheev tuag? Tej zaum lawv txoj kev tuag yog heev tej yam ntuj - ntawm tib neeg lub neej nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub twb luv luv, tej zaum lawv thov kom zoo tshaj plaws hwj chim tias cov dab neeg feem ntau xaus thaum ntxov pam tuag. Ua tib tug kav, Rurik xa nws cov neeg mus kav nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj lub zos, xws li Polotsk, Rostov, Beloozero thiab lwm tus neeg.

riot Novgorod

Nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws sau monuments ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo - Nikon Chronicle (tom qab daim ntawv teev nrog Nestor) - hais tias Politika Ryurika twb tsis zoo li tag nrho cov neeg ntawm Novgorod, thiab lawv ib zaug staged ib pab laib, rau cov uas nws yog tsim nyog los siv tub rog quab yuam hluav. Xa mus rau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no thiab cov tua neeg ntawm ib qho ntawm lub instigators ntawm lub riots, ib tug tej yam Vadim Brave.

thawj Rurikovich

Proknyazhiv tau kaum xyaa xyoo, qhov tus tsim ntawm Russia tuag, qhov chaw tawm ib tug loj dynasty, uas kav mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo. Underage tub huabtais Igor Ros nyob rau hauv lub tutelage ntawm nws txiv lub ze tshaj associate, tej zaum ib tug txheeb ze - lub governors npe Oleg. Fwm raws li nws niam lub npe - Norwegian Princess Efandy. Yuav ua li cas ntau tus me nyuam tau Rurik yog tsis paub, tab sis raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov xyoo thiab tag nrho cov rulers ntawm tus muaj nyiaj muaj, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tag nrho harems. Yog li ntawd cov me nyuam nws muaj, tej zaum, ib tug ntau, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem tsuas yog ib qho.

Thawj Rurikovich mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev, tus txiv ntawm tus founder ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Russia - Saint Princess Olga, uas kav tom qab nws tuag. Igor los ua nto moo rau tus heev heev tub rog campaigns, ib tug ntawm cov uas mus txog Byzantium, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv no zoo hmoov zoo tso nws nyob rau hauv 944, thiab nws twb swb lawm. Igor tuag nram qab no xyoo, sau tribute los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg kawm rau nws. Cov tswv cuab ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv - drevlyans - rov exorbitant extortion, tua tus tub huabtais lub retinue, thiab nws tus kheej twb ntxeev siab rau ua siab phem txoj kev tuag.

Lub era ntawm Rurik - lub starting taw tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub ntau hmoo adventurers Vikings saib rau kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub loj heev Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av. Lawv muaj attracted rau irrepressible nqhis dej rau kawm. Tom qab centuries lub cim xeeb ntawm lawv twb erased los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv ntawm keeb kwm, tawm hauv tsuas yog lub npe ntawm cov neeg uas txawv tshaj plaw peev xwm State, ib tug neeg uas yog Rurik.

Nws biography yog ob qho tib si ib tug documentary chronicle, thiab poetic piav qhia. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los muaj lawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub dhau los ntawm peb motherland thiab mus rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg uas lawv cov npe yog inextricably txuas nrog nws nyob rau hauv zej zog. Cov lawv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov Rurik.

Thaum lub sij hawm nws reign, los ua tus starting taw tes ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, yog li txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog nws, Nyob zoo rau txhua txhua patriot ntawm peb lub teb chaws.