Rooj ntawm equivalence, ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib cov zajlus kom daws mus rau qhov teeb meem ntawm equivalence lag luam

Niaj hnub no peb muaj tham txog cov zajlus kom zog. Ntawm no yog ib lub rooj ntawm equivalence, vim qhov no yog peb lub ntsiab qhov teeb meem.

Nyob rau hauv Boolean algebra, tsis xav tau los cim cov kev cai thiab qhov tseeb cov lus, nws yuav tsum txaus ib tug yooj yim kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev ua, uas yog muab rau koj.

logic

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm equivalence ntawm lub rooj yog ib feem, peb yuav hais ob peb lo lus hais txog cov feem ntau Boolean algebra. Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov tseeb cov lus yog tsis tsim nyog los kawm tau li cas lub npaug rooj. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov essence ntawm lub lag luam yuav muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Raws li tej zaum nws yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv, tab sis qhov no txoj kev yog yeej pab ntau kom kov yeej lub teeb meem, tig lub xam logic teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav ce. Niaj hnub no, koj yuav saib tau npaum li cas cov qauv no xwb.

Vim li cas kuv yuav tsum tau logic? Qhov no science yog qho tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm. Yuav luag tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm uas peb siv txhua hnub, raws li nyob rau hauv cov zajlus kom ua hauj lwm. Txawm hais tias koj tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev sab, them mloog mus yuav ua li cas koj hais lus. Tag nrho koj cov tswv yim paub tseeb tias ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm logic raws li zoo raws li ya los ntawm cov cuaj pem teb cia lub pob raws cov kev cai ntawm physics.

zog

Boolean algebra muab ob peb yooj yim zog (negation, lej khu, tsis tas li ntawd, thiab thiaj li equivalence).

Nco ntsoov tias tus mob rau ib tug complex zajlus kom qhia tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus uas xws li "sib npaug" los yog "Tsis tas li ntawd" yuav tsum nco ntsoov lawv yog cov ntsiab lus txhais. Negation yog hu ua inversion. Npaug nyob rau hauv Boolean algebra yog hu ua ib tug tau, thiab tsis tas li ntawd - disjunction. Cov zajlus kom tsim nyog tau - yog lub implication. Equivalences yog tej zaum raug xa mus rau interchangeably.

Yuav kom daws tau logic teeb meem koj nyuam qhuav yuav tsum paub qhov tseeb rooj ntawm cov kev tso cai. Tab sis peb tau hais tias hais tias nws kawm tsis tau thiab to taub. Qhov no yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm koj lub sij hawm. Peb yog cov qauv no lub zaug nyob rau hauv lub equivalence rooj. Cia peb pib txoj kev tam sim no.

equivalence

Cov zajlus kom muaj nuj nqi, uas yog yeej muaj tseeb yog hais tias ob qho tag nrho cov khoom kab zauv uas sib npaug, thiab nws yog ib qho equivalence. Muaj nuj nqi rooj uas yuav tsum tau qhia rau hauv qab no, yog ib tug ob-qhov chaw zajlus kom lub lag luam. Graphically, nws txhais tau tias yog ob mog xub, los yog peb kab rov tav nta. Qhov kos npe rau yuav tsum qhia ob yam yooj yim cov kab zauv.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog qhov muaj feem thib muaj nuj nqi, qhov no logic lag luam yog ib lub thib chaw, tom qab tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus. Hauv qab no yog ib cov lus ntawm equivalence.

Nco ntsoov tias qhov tseeb rooj yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev. Yeej muaj tseeb kev qhia yuav sau li: "+", "1" los yog "kuv". Cuav - "-", "0" los yog "L".

Raws li peb tau cog lus, peb txhais no zajlus kom cov lag luam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhia yuav muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• thawj yooj yim qhia - nws yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub thib ob qhia (qhia - ib tug kab lus);
• Nws yog sib npaug rau cov thawj qhia ntawm ib tug thib ob (sib npaug mus rau tsim ntawm kuv kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv);
• qhia ntawm tus xov tooj yog ib tug sai tau yog tias thiab tsuas yog tias muaj ib qho chaw rau ib tug thib ob (Kuv yuav ua li cas lub tsev kawm ntawv yog tias thiab tsuas yog hais tias, thaum kawm tiav los ntawm high school).

Piv txwv li

Tam sim no sim siv qhov tseeb rooj ntawm equivalence nyob rau hauv xyaum. Nws yog tsim nyog los ua pov thawj hais tias ob kab zauv nram qab no yog sib npaug:

• 1 qhia sib npaug rau cov kev qhia 2;
• (He2 + 1) * (HE1 + 2).

Ua li no, kos li ib tug qhov tseeb lub rooj rau cov nqe lus. Rau cov thawj, peb yuav tsis ua li cas, raws li nws yog peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov pawg lus.

Thov nco ntsoov tias cov tsis ntev los no tau nyob rau hauv rau kem tom kawg yog zoo tib yam, li no, cov kab zauv yog muaj sib npaug.