Qis nroj tsuag

Qhov ntau haiv ntawm lub surrounding muaj science faib tau ua ob subkingdoms: siab thiab qis nroj tsuag. Yuav kom muaj xws li ntau dua cov nroj tsuag, cov vegetative lub cev uas yog muab faib mus rau hauv nruab nrog cev, lawv muaj stems, keeb kwm thiab nplooj. Nyob rau hauv qis nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, xws li ib tug kev sib cais tsis yog, tshaj tej ntawm, muaj yog tsis muaj multicellular deev kabmob. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub txog biology mus rau lub sab nroj tsuag yog hais txog xwb algae, tab sis ib tug ob peb xyoo dhau los, nws kuj ranked li fungi thiab cov kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li tag nrho cov kab mob lwm yam tshaj dua cov nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj.

Rau sab nroj tsuag yog yus muaj los ntawm: ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov xim, ib leeg-celled deev kabmob, dej vaj tse. Algae rau peb ntiaj chaw tuaj ua ntej: lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov pob txha nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm Archean thiab Proterozoic era, muaj txog 3 billion xyoo ..

Ib txhia, ntawm lub npe, xav hais tias sab nroj tsuag - txheej thaum ub ib leeg-celled me me luaj li cas. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ib leeg-celled algae mus rau qhov no subkingdoms, tab sis nws kuj siv tau rau ob leeg loj multicellular algae, qhov ntev ntawm uas nce mus txog ob peb kaum ntawm meters. Raws li zoo raws li siab dua, lawv muaj peev xwm koom tau rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. algae hais tawm tshwm sim kev sib deev thiab asexual (vegetative los yog zoospores) txhais tau tias. Tag nrho cov sab thiab siab dua nroj tsuag muaj chlorophyll, tab sis tsawg dua nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd muaj yog lwm yam pigments uas muab lawv ib lub cev nqaij daim tawv: xim av, yellowish, liab, thiab lwm yam

Lower cov nroj tsuag, piv txwv

Algae yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv marine thiab dej tsis qab ntsev (feem ntau). Lower cov nroj tsuag uas nyob hauv ntsev dej, yuav tsum tau nyob ob leeg rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab nyob tob. Txawm li cas los, rau lub neej lawv xav tau lub teeb, li ntawd thaum zoo depths - txog 250-300 meters los sis ntau tshaj - lawv tsis tuaj nyob raws li lub hnub lub rays tsis txeem los ntawm cov dej kem.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws hiav txwv kelp - kelp los yog seaweed. Nws yog ib tug nqaim ntawv, ncav ib ntev ntawm ob peb meters thiab clinging rau lub qab-dab rhizoids. Propagated kelp zoospores - hlwb, ib daim ntawv reminiscent ntawm ib tug pear, uas muaj lub nucleus thiab chromatophores, nruab nrog flagella rau kev tshem. Tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus niam ntawm tes zoospore sorts flagella, tsiv nyob rau hauv dej kom txog thaum txog thaum nws yuav xa mus rau lub as substrate thiab yuav tsis muab lub neej mus rau ib tug tshiab algae.

Zais zis - lwm yam ntawm hiav txwv kelp. Qhov no multicellular cog tsa ib tug Bush, nws kav ntev npaum yuav ncav cuag ob meters. Fucus txuas mus rau lub as substrate siv qab xib taws, feem ntau txoj kev ua ib tug tag nrho thickets nyob rau hauv nqaum dej. Nws yog propagated kev sib deev: nyob rau hauv ib co niam hlwb hu ua antheridia thiab nyob rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsim phev nyob rau hauv lwm lub hlwb - oogonia - tsim oocyte. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm attractants - tshuaj uas nyiam dej nyob rau hauv cov phev rau lub qe, lawv coalesce thiab cov zygote yog tsim, uas los ntawm lub tshiab algae yuav loj hlob tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv dej tsis qab ntsev Reservoirs qis nroj tsuag (algae) kuj tshwm sim. Feem ntau ntawm lawv - Spirogyra. Spirogyra yog ib qho yooj yim nyob rau hauv pas dej ntawm cov dej teev: ci ntsuab slime txoj kev nyob li slimy wool. Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob, koj yuav saib tau thallus nroj tsuag, muaj raws ntawm loj (txog li 0.01 hli) cylindrical hlwb txuas rau nyob rau hauv ib tug uake. Spirogyra yuav muaj me tub nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: kev sib deev thiab vegetatively. Tsis zoo li fucus, lub uas tau tsim lub zygote tshwm sim lub fusion ntawm cov phev thiab qe, qhov no algae zygote yog tsim nyob lub hlws ris 2 hlwb. Vegetative hais tawm tshwm sim nyob rau so ntawm lub filaments nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua feem yog tsim ib tug tshiab nroj tsuag.