Poet Taras Shevchenko: Phau ntawv sau txog cov kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv 2014, Ukraine lom 200th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Shevchenko lub hnub yug. Qhov zoo kws sau paj lug thiab artist kuj yog ib qho ntawm lub teb chaws heroes ntawm lub teb chaws. Taras Shevchenko, uas nws biography yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tsis nrog tus quab ntawm autocracy thiab serfdom. Nws yog ib tug yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav tsum tau raug kev txom nyem heev. Rejection thiab mus - yog cov hmoo ntawm ntxias uas tsis xav kom muab tso nrog cov tub ceev xwm. Lub siab qhia nws thiab Taras Shevchenko. Biography ntawm tus naas ej Ukrainian kws sau paj lug thiab artist tim khawv rau qhov no. Koj yuav kawm tau ntau nthuav yam uas hais txog nws los ntawm kev nyeem no tsab xov xwm. Thiab muaj tseeb pom zoo rau lub fact tias cov txiv neej muaj koob yog ib tug kws sau paj lug Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography nrog rau cov duab muab rau koj ib tug ib nyuag ntsia ntawm nws.

Keeb kwm thiab thaum yau T. G. Shevchenko

Lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug thiab cov neeg pleev kob yug Lub ob hlis ntuj 25, 1814 nyob rau hauv nrog. Morintsy Kiev xeev (tam sim no lub Cherkasy cheeb tsam). Nws txiv yog ib tug serf uas tau koom rau tus tswv tsev P. V. Engelgardtu. Taras cov niam txiv tsiv nyob rau hauv nrog nyob rau hauv 2 lub xyoos. Kyrylivka. Ntawm no nws siv nws thaum yau lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug thiab cov neeg pleev kob. Nyob rau hauv 1823 Taras niam tuag, ces tus txiv rau lub thib ob lub sij hawm sib yuav. Xaiv yog nws tus poj ntsuam, uas muaj twb peb cov me nyuam. Shevchenko txiv tuag nyob rau hauv 1825 thaum nws tsuas yog 12 xyoo. Yog li ntawd los ua ib tug me nyuam ntsuag Taras Shevchenko. Nws biography yog cim ntawm lub sij hawm no muaj ntau yam teeb meem. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau nyob ib tug nyuaj lub neej tsis muaj tsev nyob. Qhov zoo ces, lub ntiaj teb no yog tsis muaj tus neeg zoo. Taras nyob thawj ntawm lub Sexton-xib fwb, ces nyob rau hauv lub zej zog ntawm painters. Taras Shevchenko tom tsev kawm ntawv dis kas kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, thiab cov qauv rau kev kos duab tau ntsib nyob rau hauv painters.

Lub neej ntawm tus tswv av Engelhardt

Nyob rau hauv 1828, nws tau los ua ib tug tub qhe ntawm tus tswv tsev Engelhardt nrog. Vilshany. Taras yog thawj scullion, thiab ces kazachkom. Nyob rau hauv 1829, nws tau ua hauj nyob rau hauv Vilna, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus tswv tsev, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tom qab Engelhardt tsiv mus rau lub capital (nws tshwm sim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1831). Tus tswv tsev, nrhiav tus muaj peev xwm mus rau kos Taras, txiav txim siab xa nws mus kawm ntawv, thiab ces yuav ua rau tus me nyuam tub lub tsev ntawm cov neeg pleev. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1832 nws tuaj rau B. Shiryaev, guild-masters, Taras Shevchenko. Biography tseem yog nws lub tshiab rau theem ntawm lub neej. Ib tug ntawm cov paintings Shevchenko hais hauv qab no. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm no yog hu ua "Catherine". Cov duab no yog xim nyob rau hauv 1842.

Acquaintance uas nto moo kos duab

Taras Shevchenko, mus xyuas lub Hermitage hnub caiv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov vaj nws twb yog nqus tus pej thuam. Taras tau ntsib no nyob rau hauv 1836 nrog IM Soshenko, Ukrainian artist. Nws cev cov me nyuam tub Grigorovich, Secretary ntawm lub Academy of Arts, raws li zoo raws li painters Karl Bryullov thiab Venetsianov, kws sau paj lug V. Zhukovsky. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm Taras muaj cov hu.

Nrhiav txoj kev ywj pheej

ob peb npaj siab mus tso Shevchenko los ntawm serfdom twb pom. Qhia peb luv luv txog ib co ntawm lawv. Thawj masterpieces Engelhardt mus sib, tab sis yuav tsis muaj avail. Cov tswv av yeej xav tau ib tug los txhiv peb. Ces Venetsianov mus rau nws tuaj mus rau ib qho kev pom zoo rau tus nqi. Tarasa Shevchenko nplij thiab txaus siab kev txhawj xeeb txog nws tej eminent Lavxias teb sab kos duab. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws poob mus rau hauv ib tug kev nyuaj siab, tej zaum txawm tag kev cia siab. Tus tub foom phem nws qhia, thiab tswv av tawv poob nws.

Nyob rau hauv nws autobiography, Shevchenko sau tias Zhukovsky, tom qab uas tau pom zoo rau Engelhardt, nug mus rau xim ib tug portrait ntawm nws Bryullova mus ua si no portrait nyob rau hauv ib tug ntiav gallery. Masterpieces pom zoo thiab tsis ntev lub portrait yog npaj txhij. Nrog Vielgorsky Zhukovsky ua ib tug lottery thiab yog li Shevchenko tau txais txoj kev ywj pheej. Raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm sib sib zog nqus kev ris txiaj thiab zoo sib hwm mus Vasiliyu Andreevichu, nws tau mob siab rau qhov no kws sau paj lug, ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov paj huam ( "Catherine").

Yog li ntawd, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 22, 1838 txoj kev ywj pheej Shevchenko twb yuav rau 2,500 rubles. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Academy of Arts. Ntawm no Shevchenko los ua ib tug thwj tim ntawm K. P. Bryullova.

Lub heyday ntawm poetic txuj ci Shevchenko

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub xyoo nyob rau hauv kuv lub neej T. 1840-1847 yuav suav hais tias (nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab saum toj no - nws tus kheej-portrait ntawm Shevchenko ua nws nyob rau hauv 1840). Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws poetic txuj ci blossomed. Biography Tarasa Shevchenka cim los ntawm cov creation ntawm ntau tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv 1840 tuaj thawj sau los ntawm cov kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug ( "Kobzar"). Nws tau tso lub hauv paus rau ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Ukrainian neeg. "Haydamaky" - lub feem ntau loj ua hauj lwm ntawm Shevchenko, nws tshwm nyob rau hauv 1842. Cov lwm tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yuav tau muab sau tseg ib zaj paj huam ntawm 1838 "Katerina", 1842, "Dig muag", 1844 "nruab nrab" 1845 "Naymichka" thiab cov ua yeeb yam ntawm 1843, "Nazar Stodolya". Nom tswv paj huam, uas nyob ntawm lub sij hawm no, - "npau suav" (1844) thiab "Caucasus" (1845). Lawv tsis yuav autocracy, imbued nrog revolutionary ntsuj plig. Tab hu rau lub overthrow ntawm lub autocracy ntawm cov neeg qhia nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv yuav Shevchenko - cov paj huam "Yuav ua li cas mus tuag ..." (1845).

Txawv tebchaws mus Ukraine thiab lawv thiaj nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm

Taras nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1843 mus rau Ukraine. Ntawm no nws nyob rau ib xyoos. Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1844 biography Tarasa Shevchenka cim rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1845, nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub Academy of Arts, ua ib tug "cov tub kawm (ie, free), neeg pleev kob." Shevchenko ib zaug dua mus rau lub Ukraine. Nws xav khom nyob rau hauv Kiev. Taras tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Kiev Archaeological Commission los ntawm cov artist. Nws cov kwv tij tag nrho cov tshaj Ukraine. Lub revolutionary dee ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug, txhawb lub tswv yim mus ncig nyob rau hauv Chernihiv, Poltava, Kiev xeev. Txhua qhov txhia chaw Taras saib cov plight ntawm cov tswv teb. Lawv tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm mus ncig ua si antiserfdom kwv huam muaj nyob rau hauv "peb lub xyoo" album. Taras Shevchenko nyeem cov hauj lwm rau cov phooj ywg thiab cov acquaintances, thiab muab lawv sau dua tshiab. Thaum tus thuam ntawm St. Petersburg, thiab txawm Belinsky, rau txim thiab tsis to taub txog cov me Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Shevchenko. Nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam, lawv pom ib tug nqaim provincialism. Txawm li cas los teb koj chaw tam sim ntawd menyuam nws. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm cov sov Zoo siab txais tos Shevchenko thaum lub sij hawm lub dawm, ua phem los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub 1845-47 biennium.

Cyril thiab Methodius, lub ntes thiab exile

Taras nyob rau hauv 1846 mus rau hauv ib daim card Cyril thiab Methodius. Nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov xib fwb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kiev nyob rau hauv lig 1845 Nws yog ib haiv neeg muaj li ntawm cov neeg hluas uas xav nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam Slavic neeg, xws li Ukrainian. Denounced los ntawm ib tug provocateur nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1847 nws tau qhia los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. 10 cov neeg, cov mej zeej ntawm nws twb puas tau raug ntes. Lawv raug liam hais tias tso ib tug nom tswv zej zog. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv twb raug txim. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws tau txais Shevchenko rau zaj paj huam nws tsim tsis raws cai. Nws twb raug xa mus rau lub Orenburg thaj av ntawd nyob rau hauv nruj keb soj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Nicholas kuv ntxiv tus kheej los ntawm kuv tus kheej tias Shevchenko yuav tsum tau txwv tsis pub kom sau thiab kos. Tus thawj teeb meem loj Taras txuam nrog kev haus dej caw nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no. Shevchenko binges twb paub zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm tshawb nrhiav txog qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub haiv neeg W. Belozersk, ib tug ntawm cov tswv cuab, Shevchenko kev txaus cai nyob rau hauv hais tias nws sau tau nws cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm intoxication thiab tsis muaj nyob rau tib lub sij hawm daring designs. Tab sis cov no nyeem tseem tsis tau dim lub kws sau paj lug. Biography Tarasa Grigorovicha Shevchenka tau raug mus nyob rau ntawm no.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv Orsk fortress, ib feem nyob rau hauv lub ntoj ke mus kawm

Taras yog nyob rau hauv Orsk fortress, uas yog ib tug suab puam backwater. Taras Shevchenko tom qab ib tug thaum Zhukovsky sau tau ib tsab ntawv nrog ib daim ntawv thov rau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib - txoj cai pleev xim. Rau Taras nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim peb tau tibneeg hu tauj coob Count Tolstoy thiab Gudovich, tab sis lawv yuav tsis pab Shevchenko. Taras thov mus rau lub Dubbeltu, lub taub hau ntawm peb ceg, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi pab. Kom txog thaum lub liberation twb tsis muab tshem tawm kev txwv tsis pub mus rau kos. Txawm li cas los, ib co kev nplij siab rau cov artist muab nws ib feem nyob rau hauv lub ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm 1848-49. mus kawm lub Aral hiav txwv. Vim lub siab zoo kev kho mob V. A. Obrucheva thiab Butakova lieutenant nws twb tso cai rau ua rubbings zos pej xeem yeej thiab hom Aral ntug dej hiav txwv. Tag nrho cov Shevchenko tsim 350 watercolor portraits thiab ua hauj lwm. Nws yog tej lub scene ib tug tub rog lub neej, lub neej ntawm lub Kazakh neeg. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tsis ntev nws los ua paub txog qhov no indulgence. Butakov thiab hoop rau ib tug ntsis tau txais ib lus txwv, thiab Taras Shevchenko twb exiled nyob rau hauv 1850 nyob rau hauv cov suab puam-dwellers, nyob txog. Mangyshlak nyob rau hauv Novopetrovskoye strengthening. Thiab ntawm no nws twb nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub mus rau xim.

Lub xyoo siv rau hais txog. Mangyshlak

Yooj yim heev rau Taras yog thawj 3 xyoo nyob ntawm no. Ces nws tau los ua yooj yim, ua tsaug lom zem ntau mus rau lub siab zoo ntawm lub zos commandant Uskov thiab nws tus poj niam, hlub los ntawm Taras Shevchenko rau Symptoms rau lawv cov me nyuam thiab maj xwm. Shevchenko nyob rau hauv lub barracks, txawm hais tias ib tug tub ceev xwm pom tias Tarasu Grigorevichu nyob rau hauv nws chav tsev. Txawm li cas los, txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj lub xyoos kuv tsis poob lub plawv kws sau paj lug Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, uas nws biography yog cim los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm yooj yim txom nyem uas poob rau nws heev. Nws sim los hloov lub txwv tsis pub painting mouldings thiab kuj coj li photography, uas yog, los ntawm txoj kev, yog kim heev txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm.

zam Shevchenko

Nyob rau hauv 1857, nws tau thaum kawg tso tawm Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab artist, tej zaum yuav tau sib txawv yog hais tias tsis rau tus heev heev thov FP rau nws Tolstoy thiab nws tus poj niam, cov kabmob AI Tuab. Shevchenko nyob hauv Novopetrovskaya strengthened nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 17, 1850 los lub yim hli ntuj 2, 1857. Nws tau tso tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nicholas I.

Lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm revolutionary sentiment nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm

Ntev thiab tsis yooj yim yog tus rov qab los ntawm exile ntawm Taras. Nws twb detained nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod, txwv los ntawm kev nkag mus kawm rau hauv lub ob capitals. Cov phooj ywg, Txawm li cas los, ua rau Shevchenko tso cai rau txiav txim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws tuaj txog no nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1858 Ntawm no yog lub kws sau paj lug thiab artist phooj ywg nrog tus sau phau ntawv ntawm "Kawm", raws li zoo raws li nrog NA Dobrolyubov, NG Chernyshevsky, ML Mikhailov, NA Nekrasov, IB TUG Ostrowski li al. Txawm ntau npau taws thiab hnyav sau ntawv tsis nyuaj nyob rau hauv nws cov satire. Peb ceg ntawm lub tshiab tsim nruj saib xyuas ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Shevchenko tau tau nyob rau hauv exile rau hauv kaum xyoo, los ntawm Lub rau hli ntuj 1847 rau lub yim hli ntuj 1857. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis ua txhaum lub nyiaj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug thiab yeej tsis pauv nws revolutionary convictions. Kwv huam thiab Kwv huam "qhev muse" (thiaj hu ua Shevchenko nws tej hauj lwm, uas tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv exile thiab nkaum thaum lub sij hawm luag tshawb) yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm revolutionary sentiment. Ib tug ntseeg ntawm lub kws sau paj lug tyrants, thiab kev hu mus rau kev ua phem rau lawv cov suab nyob rau hauv "kav cov vaj ntxwv" voj voog nyob rau hauv 1848. Thaum lub sij hawm nws exile Shevchenko kuj tsim muaj tiag tshiab sau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Qhov no "ntxhais fuabtais" nyob rau hauv 1853, "Tshuab raj" nyob rau hauv 1854-1855., Tej hauj lwm 1855 "Gemini", "lub Marechale," "tsis muaj hmoo" thiab 1856 "Tus Artist". Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm cov biography ntawm tus sau, imbued nrog sentiments ntawm serfdom.

Txawm li cas los, cov nyuaj xyoo siv nyob rau hauv exile, raws li zoo raws li entrenched alcoholism undermined lub noj qab haus huv ntawm Shevchenko thiab tsis muaj zog txaus nws txuj ci. Unsuccessfully twb nws cov me nyuam no los ua ib tug tsev neeg (actress Riunova, neeg pluag Lusha thiab Harith). Kom txog rau thaum kawg ntawm nws lub hnub tseem nyob ib leeg Taras Shevchenko. Luv luv biography yuav tsum tsis txhob npog tag nrho rau koj tus kheej lub neej, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xeem los ntawm kev sib yuav Shevchenko peb hais nyias hauv qab no.

Homecoming, ib tug tshiab raug ntes thiab qhov kawg ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg

Shevchenko tau tau nyob rau hauv Petersburg ntev, los ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 1858 kom txog rau thaum Lub Xya hli ntuj puag thaum xyoo 1859. Nws ces mus rov qab mus rau lawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv Taras muaj ib lub tswv yim mus yuav ib tug tsev loj overlooking tus Dnieper. Nws xaiv ib tug zoo nkauj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub toj Chernecha. Txawm li cas los, Shevchenko twb tsis tau destined rau nyob ntawm no. Muaj ib hnub, nws tau nyeem nyob rau hauv lub txawv txawv tuam txhab ntawm nws cov kwv huam, thiab lub zos Hmoob ntawm tub ceev xwm tam sim ntawd qhia rau tus tswv xeev, hais tias Shevchenko tau campaigned tiv thaiv cov tub ceev xwm. Taras twb puas tau raug ntes dua, kom mus rau tawm hauv lub teb chaws thiab rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm tus thib peb ceg. Ib tug luv luv biography ntawm Taras Shevchenko tso cai rau koj tso tawm cov lus ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, raws li lub sij hawm no yog tsis heev fruitful rau nws. Shevchenko, distracted ib tug ntau ntawm artistic thiab kev sau ntawv acquaintances, ob peb kos duab thiab pleev xim rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Yuav luag tag nrho cov dawb noj hmo tog thiab noj hmo nws muab txaug, tshiab rau lub hobby. Ces Shevchenko txawm los ua ib tug academician ntawm engraving tooj liab. Qhov puav pheej uas nws tau txais nyob rau hauv 1860.

Qhov tseeb los mus yuav

Luv luv biography ntawm Taras Shevchenko rau cov me nyuam feem ntau omits no taw tes, tab sis los ntawm 1860 siv qhov tseeb los yuav Shevchenko. Los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub xyoo no, nws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ib tug - cov phooj ywg Shevchenko mus tsev lawm. Nws yog yog li ntawd tshwj xeeb yog acutely muaj leeg kho siab khuav. nws cov xim Lukerya Polusmakova, serf ntxhais. Shevchenko pib feem ntau yuav pom nws. Lusha yog competent thiab ntau tshaj Dovgopolenkova Harith, lwm liaj ua teb, uas ib zaug nqa tam sim ntawd tus kws sau paj lug. Tej zaum nws yog ntau lo qhia. Nws twb tau mus pom tias Taras - tsim nyog bachelor. Nws, tsis muaj hesitation, txais nws lub tswv yim. Lusha thiab Taras heev ntev nkauj nyab thiab nraug vauv, tab sis tom qab ib tug thaum muaj ib tug kis. Nws ua rau nyob twj ywm tsis meej, raws li cov ethos L. Polusmakovoy.

Mob thiab kev tuag

Poet Taras Shevchenko, uas nws biography yog twb tuaj rau ib tug kawg, tau ntsib pib ntawm 1861 tiag mob (ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub plawv, lub siab, dropsy, rheumatism). Txawm li cas los, nws yog tus kawg kev cia siab rau ib tug kho. Nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv rau Palaumais, nws ob nkauj muam nraug nus, nws sau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yuav tuaj mus rau hauv Ukraine thiab nyob rau hauv tsev yuav tsum zoo. Txawm li cas los, Lub ob hlis ntuj 26, 1861, hnub uas nws yug me nyuam, Shevchenko tuag nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Ntxa thiab tsev cia puav pheej ntawm T. G. Shevchenko nyob rau hauv Kanev (Ukraine) hnub no yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau revered chaw rau me ntsis Lavxias teb sab neeg.

Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine, lawv hwm no kuj zoo kawg txiv neej. Biography ntawm Taras Shevchenko nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txawm hais tias tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm rau cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis nws tus cwj pwm, raws li zoo raws li tswv yim, thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog heev nrov. Nws lub npe yog paub rau ntau ntawm peb. Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj cov neeg nyob rau hauv Ukraine yog pom tias yuav Taras Shevchenko. CV nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab no kws sau paj lug yeej xav nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm koj.