Noj qab haus huv, Tshuaj
Phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm kev hais lus - ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub hais suab thiab xaav ntawm phonemes los ntawm lub pob ntseg
Cov niam txiv zoo siab thaum lawv cov me nyuam pib mus hais cov thawj suab, ces lub suab thiab cov lus yooj yim. Yog hais tias ib tug adorable ob-peb-xyoo tus me nyuam hais tias "fyfka" es tsis txhob "pob" los yog "xim" es tsis txhob "cancer", nws yog ntaus nqi raws li lub cai. Tab sis, yog hais tias ib tug me nyuam tau muab plaub los yog tsib, tiam sis nws tseem tsis tau hais tias ntau lub suab, distorts lus los yog hais lus, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qhov nyuaj to taub, peb yuav confidently kev tshawb nrhiav nws FFNR. Qhov no tsiaj sawv rau phonetic thiab suab hais lus underdevelopment. Qhov no ua txhaum tsis yog raws li txawm raws li nws tej zaum yuav zoo li ib co niam thiab dads. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus aurally qha zoo xws li cov sounding phonemes, nws yuav luag ib txwm ua rau nws nyuaj rau spelling thiab nyeem ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li nco ua ke, kwv huam. Xws li ib tug me nyuam yog ib qhov nyuaj kom hloov mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv lub zej lub zos, thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kom paub nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub neej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau kho FFNR, thiab txawm nyob rau hauv preschool uas muaj hnub nyoog.
Qhov tsab xov xwm no qhia vim li cas cov me nyuam muaj mob nyob rau hauv hais, thiab dab tsi yog qhov txoj kev mus rau kev kho mob nkeeg no kho raws.
Phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv hais lus txoj kev kho: yog dab tsi?
Muaj yog ib tug ntshiab txhais ntawm yog dab tsi muab FFNR. Nyob rau hauv hais lus txoj kev kho, qhov no txhais tau tias ib tug ua txhaum ntawm ib tug tib neeg tsim dab proiznositelnoj lus system tshwm sim los ntawm tsis xws luag mloog thiab hais phonemes. Peb piav qhia txog dab tsi lub phoneme. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus unit ntawm lus smyslorazdelitelnuyu thiab dog dig sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub tswvyim "suab".
kev faib
Hais lus ntshawv siab tej zaum yuav me me, nyob rau hauv lub medium thiab hnyav.
Lub teeb tshwm sim thaum ib tug me nyuam muaj peev xwm tsis qha thiab tsuas hais tias ib co tshwj xeeb complex phonemes los yog ob peb ua ke ntawd.
Qhov nruab nrab daim ntawv thiaj paub tias yog yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub suab tsom xam loj dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus me nyuam tsis paub qhov txawv raug thiab tsis hais ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm phonemes. Thaum nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv xws cov me nyuam ua ib qho yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev sib tham kom cov me nyuam lub suab nyob rau hauv lus.
Loj yus sib sib zog nqus phonetic ntshawv siab. Cov me nyuam nrog qhov teeb meem no tsis paub qhov txawv phonemes los ntawm lub pob ntseg, tsis paub yuav ua li cas faib rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov lus, tsim kom muaj lawv ib theem zuj zus, mus rau lub suab nyob rau hauv lus. Yuav luag ib txwm thaum mob loj heev kaw thiab yooj yim rau to taub lwm tus neeg hais lus FFNR cov me nyuam.
yog vim li cas
Phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm kev hais lus - nws yog ib tug kho raws uas yog congenital los yog kis tau. Congenital yuav tshwm sim rau cov nram qab yog vim li cas:
- ib co roj ntsha kab mob;
- mob loj heev toxemia ntawm cev xeeb tub;
- sib txawv rezuz tau ntshav ntawm tus me nyuam thiab leej niam;
- tsis yooj yim yug, thaum lub sij hawm uas muaj neonatal raug mob;
- asphyxia;
- kab mob thiab kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub.
Nrhiav phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm kev hais lus - ib tug kho raws, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev sib raug zoo, domestic thiab lwm yam ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, qhov chaw uas tus me nyuam yog coj mus. Cov ua rau underdevelopment ntawm kev hais lus rau tus me nyuam tej zaum yuav:
- hloov khoom nruab nrog kev raug mob ntawm lub suab apparatus;
- phiv sib raug zoo thiab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub nyob tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas tus me nyuam nyob;
- Bilingualism nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg;
- tsis txaus hais lus tej yam kev mob (tus me nyuam txhua hnub rau nws tus kheej, suab koom rau nws);
- tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub dentition;
- psihotravmaticheskie teeb meem no;
- kab mob ntawm hnov thiab pom tau qhov sib pab (muaj pov thawj tias feem coob ntawm cov me nyuam uas muaj teeb meem nrog lub zeem muag thiab / los yog lub rooj sib hais, muaj FFNR).
cov tsos mob
Phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm kev hais lus - tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug kho raws hais lus tus me nyuam. Qhov no abnormality yuav teeb liab loj ua txhaum nyob rau hauv ib tug me me tib neeg noj qab haus huv, xws li:
- ib tug split di ncauj thiab / los yog palate;
- siab dhau heev lawm palate (hu ua Gothic);
- tom tsis xws luag;
- Cns maturation ncua (tsis yuav tsis meej pem nrog cerebral palsy);
- kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab.
Cov me nyuam nrog FFNR yuav muaj nta xws cwj pwm thiab kev sib txuas lus:
- tsis muaj clarity ntawm articulation (hais lus apparatus yuav tsis thwj cov me nyuam lub phoneme);
- tsis khov ntawm cov xim;
- teeb meem nyob rau hauv switching los ntawm ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv mus rau lwm lub;
- txoj kev txwv ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub cim xeeb;
- teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab thiab piav paub daws teeb lub tswv yim;
- teeb meem nyob rau hauv pronouncing phonemes cais los ntawm lub tswv yim cov lus;
- uas tsis nyob rau hauv txoj kev siv cov prepositions thiab lub formulation ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv txoj cai cov ntaub ntawv.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv cov lus uas paub txaus uas muaj hnub nyoog.
Yuav ua li cas hom FFNR
Phonetic-suab hypoplasia ntawm hais lus nyob rau preschool thiab thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv cov me nyuam qhia tej kev ua txhaum zvukoproiznosheniya:
- tas mus li hloov suab yooj yim rau lawv yooj yim dua (tsis yog ib tug "daim duab" thiab "kaltina", tsis yog ib tug "kab" thiab "CCT");
- transposition suab nyob rau hauv cov lus (tsis "tsis tau", thiab "cop");
- simplification ntawm cov lo lus los ntawm xa los ntawm lawv cov neeg lub suab (tsis "watchmaker" thiab "chaschik", tsis yog "tsa" thiab "Poma");
- "nqos" tus neeg suab nyob rau hauv cov lus (tsis "foob pob ua ntxaij" thiab "Aketi", tsis yog "stewed" thiab "muaj hmoov quav");
- unsustainable siv phonemes (nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub uas tus me nyuam yuav hais lawv kom raug, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg - nrog uas tsis);
- ib tug sib tov ntawm cov suab;
- hloov ntawm ib qho ntawm ob peb suab (piv txwv li, lub suab "sh" thiab "c" thiab "h" yog cov lus hais rau "t").
- kev hloov ntawm lub suab nrog nyuaj phonemes (tsis "cap" thiab "syapka", tsis yog "khob" thiab "Syasko").
Cov me nyuam no FFNR li yog hais tias oiled, lawv diction fuzzy. Tom qab ntawd lawv pom dysgraphia, uas yog, lawv tsis sau li zoo raws li lawv hnov.
diagnostics
Kev ua txhaum zvukoproiznosheniya cov me nyuam tsis muaj kev kho mob muaj peev xwm los ua ib tug loj teeb meem thiab yuav tau kho nws tiag. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li ib tug kho raws tus me nyuam yuav tsum dhau ib tug kev xeem nrog ib tug kws kho mob mus xyuas ib tug hais lus therapist, ENT, ophthalmologist, neurologist thiab cov menyuam yaus. Tus me neeg mob yog muab tso rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev hais lus card uas tus kws kho mob sau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cev xeeb tub, nws niam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam yug thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej.
ENT muab ib lub tswv yim rau lub xeev ntawm lub rooj sib hais kev pab, kws kho qhov muag sau ntawv seb puas muaj teeb meem nrog lub zeem muag, thiab ib tug cov menyuam yaus - lub muaj los yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm comorbidities.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb soj ntsuam tus mob thiab kev mus ncig ntawm tus neeg mob lub articulation apparatus thiab ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm lub suab thiab ua pa zog.
Hais lus kws kho mob kev ntsuam xyuas uas txiav txim zoo li cas ntawm kev ua txhaum zvukoproiznosheniya muaj ib tug me nyuam (kev hloov ntawm lub suab, lawv feeb tsis meej, distortion thiab thiaj li nyob).
kev kho mob
Thaum lub mob ntawm "FFNR" sadikovskogo muaj hnub nyoog cov me nyuam muaj npe kawm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb logopedichesuyu pab pawg neeg, uas tseem ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug hais lus therapist nrog lawv. Kho phonetic-suab hais lus underdevelopment yog ua nyob rau hauv peb cov kauj ruam:
1. Preparatory. Tus kws qhia ntawv ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam uas txhawb cov hais mav hais suab twb mastered lawv (vowels thiab consonants, nyuaj thiab mos mos), muaj cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug playful txoj kev, cov menyuam tsim lawv suab xaav ntawm cov suab, lawv tsom xam.
2. ntau yam zoo. Rau ntawm no theem tus me nyuam yog caw los sib piv lub pob ntseg zoo kawm phonemes nrog zoo xws li cov sounding. Tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau muab rau tus cim suab ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias clarity ntawm kev hais lus raws li ib tug tag nrho nyob.
3. Zaum Kawg. Qhov no yuav tsis nyob ntev yog lub feem ntau nyuaj. Ib tug me nyuam kawm rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev "style", "suab", "lo lus", kev tshawb fawb, dab tsi yog lub suab uas yuav txiav txim rau tus xov tooj ntawm lo lus, ua tus tsom xam thiab synthesis ntawm lub suab, kev kawm hloov cov lus los ntawm hloov lub niam los yog consonants (piv txwv li, "Poppy" - "cov kua roj vanish", "twm" - "ncej").
Tes lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nrog FFNR
Kiag li nti tsim hais tias cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tsim ntawm leej thiab hloov maj mam taw ntawm cov ntiv tes ncaj qha muaj feem xyuam rau FFNR nyob rau hauv hais lus txoj kev kho. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Tib neeg hais lus yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm hauj lwm ua ke ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb uas muab qhov kev txiav txim articular lub cev. Zaum tau pom tias nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam zoo lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj ntawm cov ntiv tes coj mus rau lub hnub nyoog, hais lus txoj kev loj hlob kuj muaj raws li cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov me nyuam nrog FFNR tsim nyog chav kawm ntawv, kev tsim lub cev muaj zog cov kev txawj:
- ua si nrog cov ntiv tes;
- ce rau tus ob txhais tes thiab cov ntiv tes;
- tshwj xeeb ce (folding mosaic nrhiav, stringing hlaws dai, molded los ntawm av nplaum, nrag dluab).
articulation ce
Tus aim ntawm cov kev cobqhia no yog kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm articulation ntawm ib tug me nyuam (tus nplaig, daim di ncauj, cov mos mos palate), txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv muaj thiab kev kawm ntawm lawv cov differentiated taw. Nws yog heev yooj yim mus ua lub ce nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib daim iav los yog nrog rau kev siv khoom tshwj xeeb (kev kho mob duav zoo tib yam diav, mis, thiab lwm yam). Piv txwv li, lub suab "sh" yuav qhia tau hais tias los ntawm txoj kev xws ce:
1. "laj kab" (stretch thiaj li mus pom sab sauv thiab sab hniav, thiab ces clamped nyob rau hauv lawv cov luag daim di ncauj).
2. "Qhov rai" (qhib nws lub qhov ncauj yuav tsum tau pom, thiab lub kaus hniav thiab qis).
3. "duav" (me ntsis qhib lub qhov ncauj, kis-dav dawb hau rau sab di ncauj tus nplaig thiab hais tias "Fr Sa-Fr Sa-Fr Sa". Dav lus los tuav rau tus account 10).
4. "Khob" (koj yuav tsum mus qhib koj lub qhov ncauj ib tug me ntsis wider, tsa cov lus, nws tsis kov cov hniav, thiab sim mus nqa lub hau thiab taub).
5. "Qab jam" (dav-qhib lub qhov ncauj, yaim nws daim di ncauj, mus rau tus nplaig yog tsis yog ib tug sab laug-sab xis thiab mus txog-down).
Twv ua ntej thiab tiv thaiv
Uas muaj tsis muaj sib txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam txoj kev hais lus txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog tsim nyog los tuav ib txwm zaug nrog lawv. Nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej, lawv yog cov yuav zaws tus ntiv tes, nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tham nrog tus me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ntxiv ib ntau yam ntawm kev ua si, hnub nyoog tsim nyog, nyeem cov phau ntawv thiab thiaj li nyob. Ib qho tseem ceeb point yog tus mus ntsib mus rau lub hoomaum thiab tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub tau hloov nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam txoj kev hais lus kho pib rau lub sij hawm, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov disadvantages yog kiag li tshem tawm.
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