Philosophy ntawm Kant

Emanu-es Kant yog tus founder ntawm German classical idealism. Tus xibfwb no yog xibfwb nyob rau hauv University of Königsberg.

Lub philosophy ntawm Kant yuav tsum conditionally muab faib ua ob ntu:

• Lub caij nyoog qis;
• Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb heev.

Thaum lub caij nyoog tseem ceeb, Kant lub tswv yim yog hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb txog ntuj tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tseem ceeb Kant pib kawm cov teeb meem ntawm yog vim li cas, cov mechanisms ntawm tus cwj pwm, lub tswv yim ntawm cognition, nws ciaj ciam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog xav nyob rau hauv cov lus nug ntawm logic, kev ncajncees, kev sib raug zoo philosophy.

Cov tseem ceeb heev philosophy ntawm Kant lub sij hawm txuam nrog peb loj tej hauj lwm. Peb tham txog "Critique of Pure Reason", "Critique of Practical Reason", thiab "Criticism of Judgement".

Raws li twb tau hais saum toj no, nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog zoo ntawm Kant tau txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm qhov, natural science. Tseem ceeb rau nws yog cov teeb meem ntawm kev ua. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam ntawm Kant's innovation lies hauv qhov tseeb tias nws yog thawj tug xav txog tag nrho cov teeb meem no nrog ib qho ntau dua ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

Lub philosophy ntawm Kant ua raws li cov lus sib cav rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Nws tau hais tias peb lub qab ntuj khwb no pib los ntawm huab cua loj heev, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Nws sib cav tias qhov xwm muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, thiab hais tias nws muaj nws tus kheej pib, raws li nws kawg. Nrog rau tag nrho cov no, xwm yog tas li hloov thiab hloov. Tag nrho cov nyob yam hloov, uas txhais tau tias tus neeg ntawd nws tus kheej. Tus txiv neej hauv Kant yog lub txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov evolution.

Kant's philosophy muaj ib qho loj tshaj ntawm kev xam pom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias nws tau hais tias kev cai lij choj muaj cov thawj coj ua rau lawv cov thawj coj thiab tsis muaj teeb meem. Tsis tas li no nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau hais tias hauv paus ua nws xav Vajtswv.

Loj dua lwm tus pom tau tias Kant pom ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau qhov discoveries Copernicus ntawm lub sijhawm ua.

Lub tswv yim ntawm Kant lub sij hawm tseem ceeb yog ncaj qha ntsig txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev paub.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseeb, tus kws tshawb fawb tiv thaiv nws lub tswv yim ntawm agnosticism-qhia tseeb tias kev muaj tiag tsis paub. Nws muab tso tawm rau hauv lub tswv yim hais tias lub ntiaj teb tsis tuaj yeem ua ntej kawm, tsis yog vim nws pheej hloov, tab sis yog vim tib neeg lub hlwb tsis muaj zog thiab tsuas ua tsis tau nws. Cognitive muaj peev xwm ntawm tib neeg lub siab yog tsis muaj zog. Kant tus transcendental philosophy assures hais tias mus dhau nws tau, tib neeg lub siab yog sai li sai tau confronted nrog ntau contradictions. Tej contradictions Kant muaj plaub. Nws hu lawv antinomies. Tus thawj thawj zaug antinomy ncaj nraim nrog qhov chaw tsis muaj kev txwv, qhov thib ob yog hu ua yooj yooj yim thiab nyuaj, qhov thib peb - kev ywj pheej thiab kev causality, qhov thib plaub - yog Vajtswv.

Lub hlwb muab lub sijhawm los ua pov thawj ob qho tib si ntawm ib zaug. Vim li no, tus neeg txawj xav yog nyob ntawm kev tsis sib haum. Kant sib cav hais tias lub hav zoov ntawm antimony qhia rau cov kev txwv ntawm cov kev txawj ntse muaj peev xwm ntawm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm Kant dlhos paub nws tus kheej raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kiag li tej kev txawj ntse kev ua si, raws li zoo raws li highlights lub ntsiab uas characterize paub. Nws yog hais txog:

• Lub tswv yim posteriori;
• Kev paub ntawm ib tug priori:
• "Tej yam hauv lawv tus kheej."

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, peb tham txog kev paub kev paub, hauv ob - txog qhov tseem ceeb. "Tshaj plaws hauv nws tus kheej" yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Kant tus kheej lub tswv yim. Qhov no yog hais txog lub ntsiab ntawm sab hauv uas tib neeg lub hlwb yeej tsis to taub.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm Kant. Cov neeg txawj ntse tau nug cov lus nug nram qab no:

• Dab tsi yuav tsum coj ncaj ncees;
• Dab tsi yuav yog tus cwj pwm coj ncaj ncees ntawm ib tug neeg.

Tom qab ntsuas, nws coj cov lus xaus nram qab no:

• Pure morality yog pej xeem virtuous nco qab uas yog perceived los ntawm tus neeg raws li nws tus kheej;
• Kev coj dawb huv thiab lub neej tiag tiag yog qhov tseem ceeb;
• Morality yuav tsum tsis txhob vam khom rau sab nraud.