Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov: biography thiab creativity

Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tham ntawm txoj kev coj nruj nruj, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ua tub rog, thiab qhov tswv yim zoo uas cia nws tus neeg nqa khoom los ua tus kws sau ntawv. Ua siab ntev rau kev ua tub rog thaum nws to taub nws, coj nws mus rau kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw, qhov chaw uas nws cov lus txawj ntse zoo zuj zus.

Txhais txog keeb kwm

Ib zaj lus luv luv ntawm Peter Krasnov tau hais tawm hauv ob peb lo lus - kev ua nom ua rog, kev ua tub rog kev ua siab loj thiab kev ua siab loj, qhov tseeb "kev coj dawb" thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws, kev ntsuas kev ntsuas ntawm Nazis thiab kev tuag. Tab sis nruab nrab ntawm cov voj voog ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, uas kis tau tib neeg lub neej nyob rau ntau sab ntawm kev siv barricades, uas tau rov ua txhua lub xeev thiab cov neeg, txhua tus neeg koom tau muaj lub neej. Thiab thoob plaws rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, lub neej hais kom ib tug neeg txiav txim siab. Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov, thaum nws tau xaiv ua ib zaug, nws tau ua ncaj ncees rau nws mus txog hnub kawg ntawm nws lub neej.

Tsev neeg tsob ntoo

Nuthanos Peter Krasnov, uas nws phau ntawv sau txog kev ua neej zoo nkauj, tau yug nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg xyoo 1869, yog ib tus poj niam hu ua Don Cossack thiab nws yog Cossack tsev neeg nyob hauv Vyoshenskaya lub zos, uas nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm cheeb tsam Rostov. Ntxiv nrog rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev ua tub rog, tsev neeg tau teeb tsa kev txawj ntse. Nyob rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm lub St. Petersburg Reds, thawj tub txib ntawm tus cwj mem yog tus yawg ntawm Peter Nikolayevich - Ivan Ivanovich. Nws tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Caucasus thiab txib cov Cossack divisions ntawm Imperial tus neeg zov. Yawg Grand Krasnov tau sau paj huam, xws li keeb kwm thiab ethnographic tej hauj lwm, piv txwv li, "Lower and upper Cossacks", "Little Russians rau Don", "Dontsy nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus" thiab lwm tus.

Leej Txiv Nikolai Ivanovich sawv los mus rau tub ceev xwm-dav dav hauv cov tub rog Cossack. Tsis yog tsawg tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev ntawm peb tiam neeg. Ob tug nus Peter Nikolaevich tau mus rau hauv keeb kwm. Andrei Nikolaevich yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb zoo kws paub txog biologist-botanist, zoo li ib tug neeg ncig tebchaws. Platon Nikolayevich tau koom nrog kev sau ntawv, nyob hauv kev sib txig sib luag nrog Alexander Blok - nws tau sib yuav rau tus phauj ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Edaterina Beketova-Krasnov, kuj yog ib tug kws sau ntawv.

Ntau xyoo ntawm kev kawm

Thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 11 xyoo nws tau raug pom nyob rau hauv thawj lub nroog St. Petersburg. Tom qab ua tiav nws cov kev kawm hauv qib tsib, nws tau tsiv mus rau kev ua tub rog ntawm Aleksandrovsky Cadet Corps. Cov thawj theem ntawm cov tub rog kev kawm ntawv tiav nrog rau cov nyob qib vice-sergeant, 19 xyoos, nws tau ntse ua tiav thawj tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Pavlovsk. Cov qhab-nees ua tiav nws tau ua kom nws lub npe tau sau rau hauv ntawv kub ntawm ib txheej pob zeb ci ci.

Nws paub tias nws kuj nkag mus rau hauv lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm General Staff, tab sis vim yog kev ploj zuj zus nws raug rho tawm tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev kawm. Thiab tseem muaj hnub nyoog 39 xyoo nws kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tub rog.

Pib ntawm kev ua tub rog

Kev ua tub rog tub rog Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog nees nkaum nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub pob kws, thaum nws tau kev txhawb nqa rau Ataman tub rog ntawm tus txais txiaj ntsig ntawm Tsarevich. Ib xyoos tom qab nws twb muaj npe zwm rau hauv cov tub rog no. Nyob rau xyoo 1897, lub hom phiaj ntawm Lavxias teb chaws tau raug xa mus rau Abyssinia (tam sim no Ethiopia), lub rooj sibtham uas tau coj los ntawm Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich, uas nws biography twb tau txais kev lom zem nrog ntau qhov chaw txawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab zoo kawg twists ntawm txoj hmoo.

Ib xyoos tom qab nws tau hloov ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug mule mus rau ib lub nroog nyob rau sab qaum teb Africa nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xa ntawv, ces mus tsis nyuaj rau St. Petersburg. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav no tau ua rau tus tub ceev xwm muaj ntau lub koob npe nrov thiab tau txais khoom plig rau ntau tshaj ib zaug: qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Stanislav ntawm tus qib thib ob, tus tub ceev xwm ntawm tus tub rog ntawm lub hnub qub thib peb ntawm Kev Cai thiab Kev Cai ntawm Legion Honour ntawm Fabkis.

Thawj cov qauv ntawm tus cwj mem

Thawj thawj ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm, Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov pib luam tawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos. Nws cov ntawv tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tub rog pib tshwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Hauv particular, ntawm nws cov thawj cov hauj lwm tuaj yeem txheeb tau cov phau ntawv xws li "Ntawm lub pas dej", "Ataman Platov" thiab lwm tus. Dhau nws lub neej tag nrho rau txoj kev ua tub rog, nws tsis tau ua tub rog los ntawm nws cov hauj lwm, qhia txog lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej ntawm Don Cossacks. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug ntau romanticized.

Nws exploits thaum lub sij hawm African mus txawv tebchaws kuj nrhiav tau ib daim ntawv nkauj zoo nkauj. Tom qab nws rov qab, nws tau sau ob phau ntawv tom qab: "Cossacks nyob rau Africa: Hnub Qub ntawm Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lavxias Imperial Mission nyob rau hauv Abyssinia nyob rau hauv 1897 - 1898." thiab "Hlub ntawm Abyssinian thiab lwm yam dab neeg."

Rov qab los ntawm teb chaws Africa, nws tau sib yuav Lydia Fyodorovna Gruneisen, tus ntxhais ntawm lub xeev Russified tiag tiag tus kws pab tswv yim.

Kev pab nyob rau hauv Prerevolutionary Russia

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ncaj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hostilities, Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, ib tug luv luv biography uas yog teem tawm nyob ntawm no, tau hais ntau ntau zaus ua raws li ib tug tsov rog correspondent. Nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm, nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Boxer Rebellion nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, zoo dua lub npe hu ua lub Boxer Rebellion, uas coj qhov chaw ntawm 1898 mus 1901 xyoo. Tib lub sij hawm nws tau xa mus rau Manchuria, Is Nrias teb, Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv los kawm txog lub tseem ceeb ntawm lawv lub neej.

Nws kuj sau txog cov txheej xwm ntawm Russo-Japanese confrontation ntawm 1904-1905. Raws li ib tug txiv neej tub rog, nws tau txais ob peb yam sib txawv: qhov kev txiav txim ntawm St. Anne ntawm plaub degree thiab St John ntawm plaub degree. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau ntawm Emperor Nicholas II muaj ib phau ntawv hais txog nws nyob rau Lub Ib Hlis 3, 1905, uas yog lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev piav txog nws hais txog kev ua tsov ua rog thiab qhia txog nws. Nws ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntawv xov xwm "Cov tub rog tsis muaj tseeb", "Scout" thiab lwm tus.

Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws pib pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau xyoo 1906 nws tau txais lub npe ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm ntau pua leej ntawm Atama tus qauv, ib xyoos tom qab - tus thawj coj, tom qab - tub rog tus thawj coj-loj. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1910 nws tau txais qhov kev ntaus nqi. Ib xyoos tom qab nws tau raug txib kom txib thawj tus Siberias, thiab tom qab ntawd lub Don Cossack tub rog.

Nyob rau hauv parallel, nws txoj hauj lwm zaj dab neeg yog tab tom xyaum tau zoo heev. Yog li, tom qab kev tshwm sim ntawm Japanese tsov rog, nws luam tawm ib qho keeb kwm tshiab "Lub Xyoo Ua Rog. 14 lub hlis nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog: Cov lus sau nyob rau Lavxias-Lavxias Tsov rog "thiab lwm yam hauj lwm hauv tib lub style ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws sau thiab kos duab zoo nkauj. Nws tsim nyog sau tseg tias ua ntej lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tsov Ntxwv, nws luam tawm ntau tshaj li 600 yam hauj lwm, ob qho tib si tshaj tawm, thiab kos duab thiab keeb kwm.

Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiajteb thiab Kev Tshwm Sim

Thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, nws raws li ib tug commander ntawm lub tso kom muaj kab muaj kev raug xa mus nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo 1914 nyob rau hauv East Prussia. Thiab tom qab peb lub hlis nws tau nce mus rau qib loj dav thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Thawj Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Don Cossack, tom qab ntawd tus Caucasian neeg cavalry division. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais qhov St. George lub riam phom. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1915, nws tau txais Kev Xeem ntawm St. George ntawm plaub theem kev ua haujlwm zoo ua tub rog hauv thaj tsam ntawm Dniester River, thaum lawv tswj cov Australias rov qab thoob dej. Xyoo 1916 nws raug mob heev.

Nqa tawm txhua lub sijhawm mus txog rau thawj lub Tsib Hlis thib ob ntawm 1917 ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Cossack tus thawj coj, General Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich reacted thawj zaug ntawm lub coup tsis ncaj ncees thiab tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov kev ua ntawm Tsoomfwv Qibsiab. Nws tsis koom nrog kev nom kev tswv. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib tug ntawm ob peb leej twg uas txhawb nqa Alexander Kerensky tom qab lub Bolshevik coup. Thaum nws poob rau hauv ntawm tes ntawm Bolsheviks, nws khiav mus rau Don, qhov chaw uas nws tau coj tus tsis kam ntawm Cossacks. Ua nom ua tswv ntawm All-Great Donskoi Army, nws xaus lub koom haum nrog Emperor ntawm Germany Wilhelm II. Txawm li cas los, lub yeej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees yuam nws mus tso lub tswv yim ntawm Don Caucasus. Nws tau pom zoo kom hloov mus rau qhov kev lees paub ntawm Anton Denikin, koom nrog nws pab tub rog pab dawb. Nyob rau hauv 1919, Denikin yuam Krasnov rau resign vim ideological thiab nom tswv tsis pom zoo.

Paub tias nyob rau hauv Russia nws twb tuav tsis muaj dab tsi, nws sab laug Russia thiab nres nyob rau hauv Estonia nyob rau hauv North-Western pab tub rog ntawm General Nikolai Yudenich. Nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub rog Prinevsky Krai. Nws editor tau nto moo nyob hauv teb chaws Russia sau ntawv Alexander Kuprin.

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1920 nws tau mus rau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, peb xyoos tom qab nws tsiv mus rau Fabkis. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, thawj nthwv dej ntawm kev tsiv teb tau nthuav tawm. Nyob rau hauv ntau lub quarters, vim hais tias ntawm ntau tus tub ceev xwm emigrated, nws tau siv lub npe "White Russia", Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich pib kev ua si nawv thiab pej xeem. Nws tau koom tes nrog ntau lub koom haum uas muaj feem xyuam nrog Lavxias teb chaws kev tuaj yeem, nrog rau cov koom haum Lavxias Kev Ua Tub Rog. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Supreme Monarchist Council. Nws, hauv particular, ua raws li ib ntawm cov founders ntawm "Brotherhood ntawm Lavxias qhov tseeb." Qhov kev tshem no tau coj ua yam ntxim nyiam nyob hauv Soviet Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau tshwm sim tom qab uas lub tuam tsev tswj hwm thawj coj tswj hwm ntawm lub Xeev Tsav Xwm (GPU) ntawm NKVD.

Ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub dawb zog mas suav hais tias Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, nws phau ntawv twb nrov heev thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, Fabkis, German, Lavxias teb sab thiab lwm yam European lus. Tau tshaj li nees nkaum xyoo hauv nws lub neej, nws tau luam txog 40 phau ntawv. Ntawm lawv ib tug tau paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho tshiab zoo txog qhov Lavxias teb sab Bolshevik yav tom ntej "Qab rau Thistle." Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv sau los hauv plaub ntawm plaub lub npe "Los ntawm Ob Tug Nkaus Ncig Tus Txij Nkawm rau Red Banner."

Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II

Coj pauj kua zaub ntsuab Ataman Peter Krasnov txiav txim siab thaum lub sij hawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob thiab tau ua haujlwm nrog Nazis. Xyoo 1943 nws tau tsa tus thawj coj ntawm lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Hauv Cossack hauv tebchaws Yelemees. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, nws yeem mus rau lub British, tab sis lawv muab nws rau Soviet ua thawj coj. Lub Supreme Court ntawm Soviet Russia raug nplua nws kom tuag los ntawm dai. Nws yog 77 xyoo.