Nta Macquarie Island: thaj txoj hauj lwm, xwm thiab kev nyab xeeb

Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Australia muaj ob peb puas Islands tuaj. Macquarie - ib tug ntawm lawv. Cov kob yog uninhabited, nws yog inhabited los tsuas penguins thiab plaub cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Pro nta Macquarie Island , pom yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Muab cov kob

Macquarie - yog ib tug me me, elongated cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nws tsa ib lub nrov plig plawg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Nws ntev yog 34 km, ib tug dav ntawm 5 kilometers. Macquarie Island cheeb tsam yog 128 square kilometers. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes saum toj no hiav txwv theem nce mus txog 420 meters.

Cai muab, Macquarie koom Tasmania, txawm hais tias nws yog hais txog 1,500 kilometers deb. Cov kob yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Tasmania thiab Antarctica. Hais txog 30 kilometers ntawm Macquarie Island yog ob pab pawg ntawm cov me me Islands tuaj: tus kws txiav txim thiab Clerk, Bishop thiab Clerk. Archipelago Npis Sov-thiab-clerk yog ib feem ntawm lub underwater volcanic caj thiab ib thaj nyuag belongs rau lub tebchaws no, ntawm teb chaws Australia. Muaj kuj yog southernmost point ntawm teb chaws Australia.

Tsheej lab ntawm cov xyoo dhau los, ib tug kev sib tsoo ntawm cov Pacific thiab Indo-Australian tectonic daim hlau underwater pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub Ridge, tus nplaim uas yog Macquarie. Cov kob - ib tug tiag tiag goldmine rau geologists, vim hais tias nws yog nyob ophiolite. Nws tseem yog tib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv nyob qhov twg lub mantle pob zeb protrude saum toj no lub theem dej. Tsaug rau nws cov cim geological qauv Macquarie yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov UNESCO lub koom haum txij li thaum 1997.

zaj dabneeg

Zaum hais tias cov thawj inhabitants ntawm cov kob yuav tsum yog tus Polynesians nyob rau hauv lub XIII-XIV centuries. Txawm li cas los, yog tsis muaj direct pov thawj ntawm no, ces tus thawj discoverers ntawm lub Australian Macquarie Island, tsis tau pom tau hais tias Europeans. Nws, poob nthav, nyob rau hauv 1810 nyob Frederic Hasselboro, mus nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov vaj tse ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nrhiav ib tug suab puam kob, ib tug British explorer tau xaiv nws raws li ib tug ib ncig ntawm South Wales thiab muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Welsh Leknela Governor Macquarie.

Nyob rau hauv 1820, Arctic explorer Faddey Bellinsgauzen (discoverer ntawm Antarctica) tau tsim thawj daim ntawv qhia txog Macquarie Island. Pinpoint qhov chaw ntawm lub tshiab tshwm sim av no tau attracted zoov ntawm penguins thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Ces cov xov tooj ntawm cov tsiaj tshem tawm mus rau lub tseem ceeb heev point.

Nyob rau hauv 1890, cov kob twb muab cob rau Tasmania, thiab John daug xauj kom muaj cov hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv 1911 cov kob los ua lub hauv paus rau lub Australian kev tshawb fawb ntoj ke mus kawm, taws los ntawm Douglas Mawson. Tom qab ntawd, Macquarie los ua ib tug xwm zeem cia tswj los ntawm Tasmania nyob rau hauv 1972, nws tau txais lub xeev raws li txoj cai.

Cov kob yog hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Travelling thiab ua loj leeb nyob rau hauv nyob deb seas," luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1912. Tus sau yog Dzhon Tompson. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov shipwreck, nws tau txais nyob rau Macquarie thiab nyob muaj rau hais txog 4 lub hlis. Raws li Legend, Thompson sailed rau cov kob rau lub zais cov khoom muaj nqis.

Txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab struts

Climatic tej yam kev mob Macquarie Island tsis pub lub British nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug mus tas kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv nws. Lub ib ncig hiav txwv ua kev nyab xeeb rau cov kob yog heev loj. Nws yog yus li thiab noo sub-Antarctic. Ntawm no tus thawj lub cua (feem ntau nag xob nag cua), pos huab thiab los nag. Txhua xyoo dej nag ntawm txog 1000 hli ntawm dej nag.

Muaj zog cloudiness tsis pub lub teeb mus ua txhaum los ntawm kev. Tus nab npawb ntawm tshav ntuj teev ib lub xyoo yog 856 tsawg tshaj li tus daim duab ntawm cov islands leeg xwb, rau qhov Faroe Islands. Nruab nrab-xoom kub nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj ntawm txog 4.9 degrees thiab 6.5 degrees nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis kub.

Lub coastline yog tus mus rau sab hnub tuaj thiab me ntsis Indented nrog coves thiab bays rau sab hnub poob. Rocky ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov kob thiab underwater reefs qho. Macquarie yog tsim los ntawm ob tug plateaus nyob rau yav qab teb thiab sab qaum teb sab, uas txuas lub Isthmus nras. Lub toj siab yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug altitude ntawm txog 100-200 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Txwj Laug roob, Fletcher thiab Hamilton yog lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes.

Inhabitants thiab yees duab Macquarie Island

Siab phem kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj kev ncua deb ntawm lub mainland ua cov kob yog tsis conducive mus rau cov neeg lub neej. Tam sim no, mus tas li cov pej xeem ntawm cov kob yog ib tug pes tsawg tus neeg. Cov kev zam yog neeg ua hauj lwm ANARE nyob ntawm no mus ib ntus.

Cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov kob - nws yog penguins. Macquarie lawv nyob rau txog 80 000 txhiab tus neeg. Lub fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm teb Macquarie Island cormorants, sub-Antarctic plaub cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Ntau tshaj peb lab seabirds muaj 13 ntau hom.

Nroj tsuag Macquarie Island yog zoo li tus nroj tsuag ntawm lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm New Zealand. Yeej, nws stunted nyom thiab Lichens. Tsob ntoo hom tsis tuaj kiag li, tab sis txawj loj hlob swampy hom.

Cov tib neeg feem

Txhua xyoo lub xov tooj ntawm qhov chaw untouched los ntawm tus txiv neej yog tau txais me me thiab. Qhov no Australian kob raws li nws ua, tiv thaiv lawv cov khoom nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lub hnyav tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob. Tab sis tus txiv neej thiab tau txais no.

Cov neeg uas tuaj mus rau cov kob, coj nws nyob rau hauv cov nas, luav, thiab miv, uas coj mus rau lub tam sim no teeb meem. Tsiaj txhu pib noj cim hauv zos tej nroj tsuag, txo nws los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab. Li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lem, tau coj mus rau av yaig thiab landslides. Miv puas lawm txog 60,000 noog ib xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv 2012, mas cov tsiaj yuav luag muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov kob. Tshem tau kabmob luav muaj pov thawj feem ntau nyuaj rau ib co neeg puav nrhiav tau thiab tseem.