Norway: cov zaub mov. Xwm, kev nyab xeeb, kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws

Muaj tseeb koj twb paub txog ib lub teb chaws zoo li Norway. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb daim ntawv qhia, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lub xeev no, nyob rau ntawm Scandinavian Peninsula, nyob rau Northern Europe. Peb pom zoo kom peb txoj kev paub los ntawm kev kawm cov zaub mov, kev nyab xeeb, qhov xwm thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws no.

Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub tuaj, Norway ciam teb chaws Finland (736 km), Sweden (1,630 km) thiab Russia (196 km). Nws kom cov sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob Norwegian hiav txwv, cov Barents - los ntawm lub northeast, lub North hiav txwv - nyob rau hauv sab qab teb. 25,148 km yog qhov ntev ntawm cov coastline.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub xeev no suav nrog Islands tuaj ntawm Bouvet thiab Jan Mayen, thiab Asmeskas cov npe ntawm Spitsbergen, ib chav tswj hwm tshwj xeeb uas muaj xws li Dais Island. Norway nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog nthuav tawm hauv qab no.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub teb chaws ntawm thaj chaw muaj ntau lub voj voog (tsawg dua 420 km yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws) raws Scandinavian Peninsula, nws sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Nws kuj muaj tag nrho cov pob zeb, Islands tuaj thiab islets uas nyob hauv dej hiav txwv.

Raws li 1984 cov ntaub ntawv, cov pej xeem ntawm lub xeev yog 4.14 lab tus tib neeg. Lub peev yog lub nroog Oslo. Lub teb chaws Norway tau muab faib ua 18 cheeb tsam. Lawv raug hu ua fjulke. Norwegian yog lub xeem lus. Lub Norwegian krone yog ib lub tsev ua nyiaj. Lub teb chaws no tau ua tswv cuab ntawm European Free Trade Association txij thaum xyoo 1960.

Roj thiab roj reserves

Gas ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Norway - ib tug tseem ceeb sector ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Loj reserves ntawm cov roj thiab roj yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv North, nyob rau hauv nws Norwegian sector. Lawv raug kwv yees nyob rau ntawm 765 billion cubic meters. M thiab 1.5 bn tons feem. Muaj 3/4 ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tso cia thiab roj reserves nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntawm Western Europe. Nyob rau hauv cov dej qaum teb ntawm Arctic Circle, cov roj av loj kuj pom muaj. Norway siv 11th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no raws li lawv tus naj npawb. Ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov roj hauv Western Europe yog feeb meej ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tuaj tawm rau 10th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Norway. Cov zaub mov ntawm lub teb chaws no tuaj yeem sawv cev thiab muaj ntau. 16,8 billion tons ncav cuag cov roj ntsha muaj roj, thiab roj - 47.7 trillion cubic meters. m. Roj ntau lawm nyob rau hauv Norway - ib tug sector nyob rau hauv uas muab kev koom tes ntau dua 17,000 cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no.

Ntau tshaj li ib quarter ntawm Norwegian peev mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm drilling platforms, uas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Bergen, nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv North. Ib qho ntawm cov pa roj av loj tshaj plaws nyob ntawm no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws drilling platform nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau ua los ntawm cov Norwegians. Qhov nws xaav yog 1 lab tons. Qhov siab ntawm lub platform yog 465 meters.

Coal

Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no muaj cov txhab nyiaj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Arctic ib feem ntawm Europe. Lawv nyob rau ntawm cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov archipelago hauv Spitsbergen (Norway). Thee yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntau. Raws li xyoo 2002, cov khoom siv ntawm cov dej khov hauv thaj chaw no yog kwv yees li ntawm Norwegian cov kws lij choj nyob rau ntawm 10 billion tons Muaj peev xwm thiab muaj peev xwm txhawj xeeb ntawm lawv yog kwv yees li 135 plhom tons Cov neeg txhawj xeeb muaj peev xwm muaj 35 lab tons Hauv qhov tseem ceeb, cov av reserves muaj nyob hauv Barentsburg, Piramida, Longir (Paleosen), Lub nroog Grumant. Lub ntsiab ntawm thaj av loj-npog thaj tsam nrog 4 mines nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov kob ntawm Eastern Spitsbergen (Norway).

Cov ntxhua cov cuab yeej tsuas yog tsis pub siv rau saum toj no. Cia tus tham txog qee leej.

Zheleznyak

Hlau ore yog lub ntsiab hlau uas siv los ntawm Norway. Cov zaub mov ntawm lub teb chaws no tau muab xam rau xyoo 1999. Raws li lub xyoo no cov ntaub ntawv, Norway tuav lub 6th-7th qhov chaw ntawm reserves ntawm ore deposits ntawm tag nrho lwm cov European lub teb chaws. Lub ntsiab ntawm peb lub hom phiaj ntawm Norway yog hlau hlau deposits. Qhov no yog cov Precambrian muaj hnub nyoog ntawm cov ferruginous quartzites (Bjornevatn deposit, qhov twg tag nrho cov reserves yog 1 billion tons, nrog rau 100 lab tons txhim khu kev qha), magnetite-hematite ores ntawm Cambrian-Silurian hnub nyoog (deposits ze Dunderland, Ford Rana), thiab hematite-magnetite ores Cov kab mob hauv lub cev (magnetite) (Rhodesan, Telnes, Kodali, thiab lwm yam).

Vanadium

Nyob rau hauv reserves, vanadium nyob qib ob hauv Western Europe (tom qab Finland) Norway. Cov zaub mov uas nws tau muab rho tawm (vim tias vanadium nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov), mas yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Rhodesan tso nyiaj. Tus nqi ntawm ore yog kwv yees li ntawm 12-15 lab tons.

Titan

Norway saib ntawm reserves ntawm no ntxhia yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm lwm cov teb chaws Europe. Lub ntsiab industrial paj yog lub xeev anorthosite ntawm Eigersund. Ntawm no yog cov loj tshaj plaws ntawm no hom nyob hauv Europe. Lub Telnes deposit, coob tshaj nyob teb chaws Europe los ntawm ilmenite reserves (pictured nram qab no), kuj tseem ceeb.

Tooj liab

Tooj yog tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv lub deb sab qaum teb. Nws kuj muaj pyrite deposits, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam chemical kom extract sulfur compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm ntau hom tsev zeb, suav nrog pob zeb ci thiab pob zeb.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo 1999, lub teb chaws yog ntawm kaum lub xeev ntawm cov teb chaws Europe ntawm txoj cai ntawm tooj liab ore reserves. Muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv Norway yog tooj liab ore qhov chaw: Suliljemma (Sulikhielma), Trondheim (Fosdalen, Tverfjellet, Llokket, thiab lwm yam.), Gron (Skuruvatn, Yoma).

Lwm cov zaub mov

Nyob rau hauv Norway, dua li lwm cov zaub mov, muaj cov pob zeb ntawm cov nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv Kongsberg muaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nyiaj kom zoo, thiab hauv Blakequessley thiab Moufiellet - txhuas-zinc deposits ntawm cov hlau no yog muab rho tawm. Tsis tas li nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no muaj cov kub kub (pyrite deposits), graphite (nyob rau hauv Senya Island, Skalann), phosphate ores (lub Kodali deposit), syenite nepheline (Islands of Ciugno), feldspar (thaj av Glamsland), olivine xuab zeb (Achime) (Gudbransdalen Valle, Filit Altenmarku), limestone (Dalen, Slemmestad, Kirchholt), marble (Lyngstad), dolomite (Kragero cheeb tsam).

Kev lag luam hauv Norway

Tam sim no, Norway yog 26th lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm GDP, piv rau lwm lub teb chaws (raws li 2006 cov ntaub ntawv). Qhov kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem yog nyob ntawm seb cov roj refining thiab roj kev lag luam.

Kev tsim khoom lag luam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm kev txaus siab yog maj mam tsim. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev txwv ntawm peev, nrog rau kev lag luam lag luam. 26% ntawm cov khoom muag tag nrho, nrog rau 17% ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog lub zog, kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim khoom. Cov lag luam muaj zog ntau heev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. Kev lag luam ntawm Norway muaj xws li cov nram qab no ua lag luam: electrochemical, electrometallurgical, xov tooj cua hluav taws xob, pulp thiab ntawv, nkoj tsim. Qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm industrialization yog sau tseg hauv Oslo Fjord. Txog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho industrial lag luam nyob rau hauv Norway yog feeb meej ntawm no.

Lub koom haum ua lag luam hauv lub teb chaws no yog electrometallurgy. Nws tso siab rau kev siv hluav taws xob pheej yig zog. Aluminium, lub ntsiab khoom, yog ua los ntawm txhuas oxide, uas yog imported.

Kev lag luam tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog Telemark thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, tsim tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog pib ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub teb chaws.

Norway hnub no xa khoom siv ntawm cov khoom tawg, nitrogen chiv, kua roj ntsha, cov xim, cov xim. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom, nws occupies tsis tsuas yog lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Petrochemistry tau tsim tawm sai heev nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. On nws cov hauv paus muaj sawv ntawm qhov khoom ntawm plastics, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluavtaws.

Nitrogen chiv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb uas cov tshuab ua hluav taws xob tsim tawm. Nitrogen, uas yog tsim nyog rau qhov no, yog rho tawm ntau cov hluav taws xob los ntawm huab cua. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov av chiv ntawm nitrogen yog tsim tawm.

Hav zoov kev lag luam

37% ntawm lub teb chaws hauv lub teb chaws yog them nrog forests. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv Norway hav zoov tsob ntoo hom - birch, Scots ntoo thuv thiab spruce. Lub reserves ntawm ntoo nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no yog 2 npaug tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los. Lub ntsiab liaj teb yog tsev neeg, ib txhij ua hauv hav zoov thiab ua liaj ua teb. Muaj ntau heev ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no. Nyob rau hauv Norway, tsev neeg Forestry yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus neeg mus kom ze thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev mob zoo rau kev txuag cov kev lom neeg ntawm lub tebchaws. Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam tseem yog lub txiaj ntsim thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam.

Mechanical mechanical

Kwv yees li ntawm 25% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev koom nrog cov khoom siv thauj khoom thiab ntau cov cav tov. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua si yog nkoj kev kho thiab nkoj tsim, tsim cov khoom siv rau kev sib kis thiab tsim hluav taws xob. Mechanical engineering yog ib lub luag hauj lwm theej rau hauv lub xeev no. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm kev ua lag luam txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, cov nkoj loj loj tsim tau tsim, nrog rau cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov hydraulic turbines, cov chaw lag luam hauv cov roj drilling, cov tsev neeg thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.

Sewing, khoom noj khoom haus thiab textile kev lag luam

Cov zaub mov, xaws thiab textile industries muab me ntsis rau cov khoom xa tawm. Lawv txaus siab rau feem ntau ntawm lub xeev qhov xav tau cov khaub ncaws thiab khoom noj. Txog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Norway ua haujlwm hauv cov lag luam.

Kev lag luam ntses

Rau Norway, nws tseem ceeb heev kom ntau li ntau cov extraction ntawm roj thiab roj. Lub chaw ua haujlwm ua rau cov ntses yog Bergen, Stavanger, Trondheim, Alesund. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias tus neeg nuv ntses muab lawv cov ntes rau Norway ua. Russia kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab ntau tshaj ntawm cov khoom ntses. Norwegian aquaculture tau tsim sai dhau lub xyoo dhau los lawm. Muaj kev paub ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev cog qoob loo, kev saib xyuas, thiab cov cuab yeej ua luam ntawm kev ua cov ntses.

Relief ntawm lub teb chaws

Lub nyem thiab lwm yam minerals ntawm Norway, zoo li lwm lub teb chaws, yog interrelated. Nws yog los ntawm lub nyem uas nyob ntawm seb qhov wealth no los yog lub xeev muaj. Norway yog ib lub teb chaws nrog ib cheeb tsam loj ntawm mountainous struts. Scandinavian roob yog ntau tshaj 70% ntawm lub xeev ib ncig. Lawv ncav us txog ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub poob mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm 1,700 km. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm Scandinavian toj siab yog 1600-1900 m (qhov siab tshaj plaws - 2469 m, Mount Galhepiggen). Lub nqaum nqaum nqaum (lub npe hu ua waflat) nyob hauv cov lowlands. Lawv qhov dav yog 40-50 km. Lawv pom muaj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, hauv cov cheeb tsam me me, nyob rau hauv Oslo-Ford cheeb tsam. Lub fjords (plateaus-peneplains) raug muab tso tseg los ntawm fjords (nram hav) ntawm lub roob. Sab qaum teb ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib qhov siab tshaj plaws toj siab, hu ua Finnmarken. Nws qhov siab yog 300-500 metres. 1139 meters mus txog rau tus neeg peaks (Chuokkarassa), nrog kev ua hauj lwm hav zoov-tundra thiab roob-tundra. Nrog fjeldami ntse sib piv yog qhov sib tw thiab sib zog nqhiab ntawm Scandinavian toj siab. Muaj tsuas yog taiga forests ntawm no. Raws li koj tau pom, qhov xwm ntawm Norway yog ntau haiv neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no muaj ntau ntau Islands tuaj (Sere, Magere, Senja, Vesterålen, Lofoten). Qhov dej ntws ntau tshaj yog Logen (Gudbransdal), Glomma, Logen (Numedal). Qhov xwm ntawm Norway kuj yog cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm lub pas dej. Lawv suav txog 4% ntawm thaj chaw. Cov pas dej no feem ntau yog glacial. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Miesa. Kwv yees li ntawm 27% ntawm lub xeev qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm hav zoov. Spitsenbergen archipelago (Western Spitsbergen, Edge, North-Eastern Land, Xyooj, Barents, thiab lwm yam) yog hloov los ntawm kev hloov ntawm plateaus, roob thaj tsam thiab dav hav. Lub fjords yog riddled nrog nws tus ntug dej hiav txwv. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm no yog Newton (qhov siab - 1712 m). Ntau tshaj li ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov ceg ntoo muaj npe nrog glacial shields. Permafrost yog tsim txhua txhia qhov chaw.

Kev nyab xeeb

Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias, zoo ib yam li lwm lub teb chaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Europe, Norway tsis muaj sov so lub caij ntuj sov, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Gulf Stream. Txoj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv lub xeev no yog ib nrab, subarctic - nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb sab qaum teb, oceanic - nyob rau hauv chaw ntug hiav txwv. Lub teb chaws ntawm Norway yog tseem tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug heev me me lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau lub Ib Hlis Ntuj, qhov nruab nrab kub yog -12 ° C nyob rau sab qaum teb, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb - +2 ° C. Lub caij ntuj sov nov yog txias (+6 ... + 15 ° C), feem ntau muaj zog cua thiab rains. Qhov nyiaj ntawm cov nag lossis daus txawv ntawm 300 hli hauv ib xyoos (nyob sab hnub tuaj) mus rau 3000 hli (tsuas yog nyob rau sab hnub poob qhov roob). Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj qhov chaw ywj pheej nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tshuam nrog kev sib txuas ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Npog glaciers dais ntau fjeldy. Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm cov glaciers yog kwv yees li 5000 square meters. Km. Tus ntug dej hiav txwv yog txiav los ntawm fjords.

Seismicity

Qhov xaus ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm Norway, cia peb ntxiv ob peb lo lus hais txog seismicity. Lub teb chaws nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ua tsis muaj zog seismic. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub epicenters ntawm ntau qaug zog av qeeg nkag dhau lub Atlantic ntug dej hiav txwv.