Noob change. ntau allelism

Ntau allelism txiav txim seb tus phenotypic heterogeneity ntawm tib neeg coob. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog ib tug ntawm cov kev bases ntawm cov noob pas dej ua ke ntau haiv neeg. Ntau allelism tshwm sim los ntawm noob change, uas hloov ib theem zuj zus ntawm nitrogenous bases nyob rau hauv lub DNA molecule nyob rau hauv lub feem uas raws li ib tug noob. Cov change yuav ua tau teeb meem, pab los yog nruab nrab. Teeb meem transformation ntxias raws roj ntsha kab mob, uas yog txuam nrog ntau allelism. Piv txwv li, lub npe hu hloov uas alters cov qauv ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qe ntshav liab saw protein los ntawm transforming glutamic acid code nyob rau hauv code valine (amino acid) nyob rau hauv lub noob nyob rau thaum xaus feem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev hloov no yog tsim no kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic abnormality yog sickle cell anemia. Superdominance vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub heterozygous lub xeev, ib tug muaj zog qhia ntawm hom hlwb tshaj nyob rau hauv homozygous. Qhov no tshwm sim yog reacted nrog heterosis nyhuv thiab yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus nrog tej nta li tag nrho cov ntev ntawm lub neej, nqi thiab lwm leej lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam eukaryotes, ntau yam allelism nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Muaj kuj yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Mendelian sijhawm uas txiav txim los ntawm txawv kev sib tshuam. Alleles - ob hom sib txawv, ib tug xam qhovkev rau cov tib noob, uas muaj nyob rau hauv homologous chromosomes nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw.

Thaum forecasting lub qub txeeg qub teg nrog Mendelian cai, ib tug yuav xam qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov me nyuam nrog ib tug los yog lwm yam feature modeling. Rau kev tsom xam cov yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev hloov los ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm raws li lub feem ntau yooj yim mus kom ze methodological ua genealogical txoj kev, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm pedigrees.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau phenotypic qhia ntawm ib tug noob thiab muaj feem xyuam rau lwm yam noob. Raws li cov piv txwv ntawm lub complex noob kev sib tshuam yuav ua kev cai nyob rau hauv qub txeeg qub teg system v tau: v tsis zoo thiab v zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau hauv 1939, lub xyoo ntawm cov ntshav ntshiab ntawm tus neeg mob, uas yug tau ib tug menyuam uas tuag lawm, thiab cov uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ntshav tus txiv tshaj ABO pab pawg neeg antibodies tau kuaj. Lawv hu ua v tshuaj, thiab cov ntshav pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg mob - v-tsis zoo. V-zoo ntshav pab pawg neeg yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kuaj nyob rau hauv cov nplaim erythrocyte tej pab pawg neeg ntawm antigens uas encoded los ntawm cov yam ntxwv noob yog nqa tawm. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, nqa ntaub ntawv hais txog daim nyias nyias polypeptides.

Pab mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub nqi thiab ua nyob rau hauv kev tuag ntawm lub cev tuag noob. Lawv hoob kawm rau hauv ob pawg. Tus thawj yog cov recessive noob. Lawv ntxias txoj kev tuag ntawm lub cev tsuas nyob rau hauv lub homozygous lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob pab pawg neeg no yog cov tseem ceeb noob. Lawv tej yam yog tau thiab nyob rau hauv lub heterozygous lub xeev.

Manifestation ntawm tuag noob yuav tsum tau cai ntawm ntau theem ntawm ib tug neeg txoj kev loj hlob. Nws yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws theem (me nyuam hauv plab tuag), thiab lig heev theem (me nyuam hauv plab tuag, provoking ib tug nchuav menyuam, cov me nyuam yug ntawm nonviable monsters). Dhau li tuag, paub thiab ib nrab-tuag noob. Lawv tsis ua ib tug ceev txoj kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob, tab sis ho thiaj li nws nqi.

Hom tuag noob yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau pluas me piv rau recessive. Rau lub hom qeb yog Merle tau. Muaj hom noob , yog koj nyiam tau yooj yim yuav muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub chaw ua taus zes, txij li thaum lawv muaj ib tug yam ntxwv phenotype. Ib feem ntawm cov tuag noob provokes loj anomaly, lwm tus ib feem - teeb meem ntawm muaj sia muaj dab.