Nikolai Erdman: biography, cov duab. Nikolai Erdman thiab Angelina Stepanova

Soviet kos duab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm ntau yam nto moo neeg: lub sau ntawv thiab scriptwriters thiab playwrights. Ib tug ntawm cov kawm Askiv cov thawj coj yog Nikolai Erdman, uas nws biography yog me ntsis paub. Thiab tsis tau nws yog nws leej twg sau tau cov screenplays rau tej zoo-paub films ntawm lub Soviet era, raws li "Volga-Volga" thiab "Jolly Fellows". Xav txog zaj dab neeg txog tus txiv neej no lub neej thiab nws cov hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Nikolai Erdman yog li qub raws li lub xyoo pua, nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv 1900. Nws haiv neeg lub nroog yog Moscow. Cov niam txiv yav tom ntej screenwriter thiab playwright koom rau ntau haiv neeg: niam Valentina Borisovna muaj Jewish keeb kwm, thiab nws txiv, Robert Karlovich tuaj los ntawm lub Baltic Germans.

Lub neej yav tom ntej txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug yog zoo kawm thiab muaj kev tswj kom qhia nws tus kheej raws li ib qho zoo heev tus menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Petropavlovsk coj mus muag tsev kawm ntawv.

Cov kiv puag ncig pom nws kaum xya hluas cov txiv neej, nws dheev hloov nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1919 nws tau nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Red Army, Nikolai Erdman twb tau mus demobilize ib xyoo.

Tom qab lub demobilization ntawm ib tug tub hluas plunged los ntawm lub tswv yim ib puag ncig ntawm Moscow. Nws los ua xav nyob rau hauv nrov ces imagism, sau kwv huam rau cov nkauj, uas yog ces ua nyob rau hauv lub cabaret, satirical tej hauj lwm thiab plays. Tsis ntev nws lub npe los ua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub theatrical ib puag ncig, thiab cov tub ntxhais sau tau raug caw mus rau lub ua yeeb yam raws li ib tug playwright, muaj ib tug ntse thiab tenacious cwj mem.

nruab nrab xyoo

Lub twenties ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau Erdman heev. Nws tau collaborated nrog renowned V. E. Meyerholdom. Nws yog Nikolai Erdman sau cov phau ntawv ntawm plays hu ua "Lub yus tua yus" thiab "txib", uas yog brilliantly staged nyob rau Moscow theaters.

Nyob rau hauv 1927, nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub playwright ib tug tshiab era - nws los ua ib tug scriptwriter. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov xyoo nws tsab ntawv yog sau rau hauv cov yeeb yam "Jolly Fellows". Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1933, lub scriptwriter, twb puas tau raug ntes thiab tso tawm los ntawm exile tsuas yog tom qab peb lub xyoos.

Tom qab xa Erdman yuav tsis nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv Ryazan thiab Kalinin. Nyob rau hauv 1940, tus kws tsiv mus rau Saratov.

Thaum lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, Erdman twb raug xa mus rau lub rear li politically unreliable neeg. Txawm li cas los, nws yog tus tsov rog hloov cov txawj sau ntawv lub neej. Nrog rau kev hais kwv txhiaj brigade, nws pib mus rau hauv tsov rog fronts, kuj ua actor thiab reciter.

Tom qab tsov rog, txoj hmoo luag nyav Edman, thiab nws sim coj modestly thiab tsis protrude ntau thuam lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj (vim tej kev thuam, thiab nws twb puas tau raug ntes ib zaug). Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug txawj sau ntawv, tsuas yog raws li ib tug playwright, nws tau collaborated nrog cov uas theaters ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab nyob rau hauv 1951 nws txawm muab tsub lub Stalin nqi zog.

Nikolai Erdman tuag nyob rau hauv 1970, raug muab faus nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Erdman thiab NKVD

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov thawj raug ntes Erdman hnub rov qab mus rau 1933. Ces tus thawj coj ntawm cov zaj duab xis, nrog rau Nikolai Erdman nyob rau hauv Gagra, qhov twg cov neeg raug tua cov duab "Jolly Fellows". Txawm li cas los, lawv twb tragically rau Erdman. Nws twb puas tau raug ntes los ntawm cov NKVD. Soj ntsuam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm hais tias yog vim li cas rau lub ntes yog cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub dab neeg, satirical damning duab ntawm Stalin, sau los ntawm Erdmann, thiab nyeem rau ib tug ntawm cov zajlus yav tsaus ntuj Katchalov actor.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntes ntawm Erdman tos lwm chim siab - tus thawj coj G. Alexandrov twb yuam kom rho tawm nws lub npe los ntawm tus qhab nia rau "Jolly Fellows".

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov hnyav xyoo nrog Erdmann tuaj softly txaus: cov hapless txawj sau ntawv exiled Siberia (nyob rau hauv Yeniseysk, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv Tomsk). Liberation ntawm exile tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1936. Txawm li cas los, lub playwright tau infringed cov cai ntawm ib tug ob peb ntau xyoo thiab yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob sib ze lub nroog ntawm Moscow, tsis tau mus nyob rau hauv lub capital, nyob rau hauv uas nws yug los.

Nikolai Erdman thiab Angelina Stepanova: ib tug hlub zaj dabneeg

Kaj page nyob rau hauv lub playwright lub neej pib kev yi nrog actress Angelina Stepanova. Erdman thiab Stepanova tau ntsib nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub 20s. Ob tsev neeg (tab sis yog Erdman twb nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem sib yuav nrog ib tug ntawm cov dancers, tab sis Stepanova kev sib yuav yog tseeb thiab respectable). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws pib ib whirlwind romance ntawm ob feemxyuam neeg, uas txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab cov tsiaj ntawv.

Angelina Stepanova yuav tsis tau withstand ib tug muab ob npaug rau lub neej thiab sab laug nws tus txiv, tab sis Erdman nyob rau hauv tsis muaj hurry mus ua celibate. Tab sis lawv yi ntawd kub ntev li. Stepanova tsis tau tso tseg Erdmann txawm thaum nws tus hluas nraug raug ntes. Ntxiv mus, nws yog nws, ua ib tug naas ej ua yeeb yam, twb tau mus procure rau nws xaiv mitigate nws txoj hmoo. Hlub actress rau Edman yog li ntawd zoo kawg hais tias nws tshwm sim los nws mus nyiag mus saib nws tus lover nyob rau hauv qhov link no.

Txawm li cas los, tom qab kev kawm uas Erdmann thiab tsis yog yuav mus ua ib nrog nws ntau-txoj cai tus poj niam, Stepanov yuav tsis ciaj sia no tshuab thiab severed ties nrog nws tus hlub. Thiab nres lawv xov xwm, uas ntawd kub ntev li txog 7 xyoo.

Cov qhabnias ntawm txoj kev hlub ua yeeb yam

Destiny Erdman thiab Stepanova phua. Tus actress yuav txiv rau cov kws ntawv Alexander Fadeyev. Yav tas los lovers tau ntsib 22 xyoo tom qab. Nyob rau qhov no kov ub kov no lub rooj sib tham Stepanova wrote nyob rau hauv nws chaw muag mis nyuj raws li ib tug unforgettable moments ntawm nws lub neej. Qhov ntau lawv yeej tsis tau pom.

Stepanov kawm txog Erdman tuag, ua nyob ncig saib nyob rau hauv Kiev. Nyob rau ntawm nws lub ntees tuag, nws txhob txwm tshaj tawm tsis mus.

Qhov no haib thiab zoo nkauj poj niam dim nws tus lover rau 30 xyoo. Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej, pouring tawm nws tus plig nyob hauv nws lub chaw muag mis nyuj, nws kawg recalled lub keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev hlub, xav hais tias lawv Erdman twb tsis tau cawm tau koj txoj kev xav. Stepanova kuj xav khuv xim Erdman hmoo, ntseeg hais tias nws yog nrog nws kuj zoo kawg txuj ci thiab tsis tswj kom coj ib tug tsim nyog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv.

Kev koom tes nrog cov yeeb yam rau Taganka

Muaj ntau tej hauj lwm sau ntawv rau nws lub neej Erdman Nikolay Robertovich, biography ntawm tus txiv neej no hais tias kev lees paub.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm nws muaj tswv yim lub neej thaum cov txawj sau ntawv nteg tsis tau tsuas yog lub load ntawm xyoo dhau los lawm, tab sis cov ntsim yam ntxwv ntawm "unreliable", nws yeej pab tau nws tus zoo phooj ywg - yeeb yam thawj coj Yuri Lyubimov. Nrog Lyubimov Erdman tau ntsib thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov rog (lawv ua hauj lwm ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug pem hauv ntej Kantserna brigade).

Nws Lyubimov, ib tug txawj ntse thiab rhiab txiv neej, muaj peev xwm mus saib nyob rau hauv Nikolae Robertoviche untapped txuj ci. Lyubimov, ua cov thawj ntawm cov thawj coj, tau muab tso rau ntau Erdmann plays rau cov theem ntawm cov ua yeeb yam. Nws yog ua tsaug rau tus Taganka Theatre Erdmann twb tau mus ib zaug dua xav tias cov neeg tuaj saib uas cog noob ib playwright.

Creativity Erdman: kinoraboty rau cov me nyuam

Niaj hnub nimno critics ntseeg tau hais tias Erdman Nikolay Robertovich yeej tsis tau tag nrho twb paub lawm lawv extraordinary txuj ci. Thiab nws tau sau ib tsab ntawv zoo rau cov films, uas yog ces lab ntawm viewers saib nrog kev txaus siab.

Erdman yog feemxyuam nyob rau hauv txhua yam, txawm tias thaum kuv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub scripts rau fairy tales ( "hluav taws, dej thiab tooj liab kav", "te", "Lub nroog ntawm Masters" thiab thiaj on. D.). Tom qab nws raug ntes thiab exile filmmakers ntshai caw nws mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv rau ib tug loj zaj duab xis, tab sis cov zauv kho Erdman xam ntau loyal, ces nws ua raws li ib tsab ntawv sau ntawv rau ntau tshaj 30 Soviet tas lauv. Ntawm lawv yog cov xws nto moo tas lauv li "me ntsis txiv neej kos rau kuv", "Lub Adventures ntawm Pinocchio", "Thumbelina", thiab hais txog. D.

Tus nqi creation Erdman

Muaj ntau muaj kev nyob rau hauv nws lub neej kws sau paj lug, txawj sau ntawv, screenwriter thiab playwright Nikolai Erdman. Cov duab no tus txiv neej ua thoob plaws nws lub neej, qhia rau peb saib yuav ua li cas qhia rau nws lub ntsej muag. Yog hais tias cov duab nyob rau hauv hluas zog tuaj cov neeg tuaj saib ib tug me ntsis ironic saib cov tub ntxhais txawj sau ntawv uas npau suav los twb paub lawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub neej, lub tom qab peb pom ib qho tsis zoo siab lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug nkees txiv neej.

Ib txhia contemporaries hu ua Erdmann swb. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm nws lub peev xwm, nws yog tsis rau siab twb paub lawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, ciaj lub tsev rau txim, exile thiab ban nws tej hauj lwm, thiab nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub neej, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub peb kev sib yuav, tus txawj sau ntawv tsis muab qhov chaw. Yog, nws yog tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Nikolai Erdman, tab sis tseem tus txiv neej muaj ib tug ntau heev yuav ua rau hauv av, li ntawd, nws lub npe yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav consigned rau oblivion.