Muaj nuj nqi thiab cov qauv ntawm platelets

Platelets, uas yog tsim los nrog cia li ntshav poob, hu ua platelets. Lawv noog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ua tej hlab ntsha thiab txhaws lawv nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb plug.

tsos daim hlau

cov qauv ntawm cov platelets yuav pom nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Lawv zoo li ib tug disc, lub lub cheeb ntawm uas nws txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 5 microns. Lub volume ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 5-10 microns ^3.

Nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, cov platelets yog ib tug complex mix. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm lub microtubule system, week, organelles thiab microfilaments. Niaj hnub nimno technologies cia mus txiav lub kis-eagled phaj mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw thiab faib nws ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov aav. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm ua qhia tau tias nta ntawm lub platelet qauv. Txhua phaj muaj ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: lub peripheral tsam, tus huab-gel, intracellular organelles. Lawv txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej muaj nuj nqi thiab lub hom phiaj.

txheej txheej

Lub peripheral cheeb tsam muaj ib tug peb-txheej membrane. Platelet qauv xws li hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej sab ntawd yog ib tug txheej uas muaj plasmatic yam lub luag hauj lwm rau lub txhaws ntawm cov ntshav, kev receptors thiab enzymes. nws thickness yog tsawg tshaj li 50 nm. Receptors ntawm no platelet txheej yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov ua kom ntawm cov hlwb thiab lawv muaj peev xwm rau adhesion (ua raws li subendothelium) thiab aggregation (lub sij hawm sib thooj).

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub phospholipid membrane muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb tshaj ntawm 3 los yog thiaj li hu ua matrix. Qhov no yog ib feem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tsim ntawm active coagulation ceg ua ke nrog ntshav yam lub luag hauj lwm rau cov ntshav txhaws.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog arachidonic acid. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm phospholipase A. ntawd nws yuav muab lub acid yuav tsum tau rau lub synthesis ntawm prostaglandins. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, yog npaj rau cov tsim ntawm thromboxane A _2, uas yog yuav tsum tau rau lub hwj chim platelet aggregation.

glycoproteins

platelet qauv yog tsis muaj raws qhov xub ntiag ntawm lub txheej membrane. Nws lipid bilayer yog glycoproteins. Lawv yog tsim los khi platelets.

Yog li, glycoprotein kuv yog ib tug receptor uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau Symptoms rau subendothelial collagen cov ntshav. Nws muab cov adhesion ntawm platelets, kis rau lawv thiab qhia lawv txuas rau lawv nrog rau lwm tus protein - fibronectin.

Glycoprotein II yog tsim los rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm platelet aggregation. Nws muab cov thwj toob ntawm fibrinogen nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov hlwb. Nws yog los ntawm tus txheej txheem no tseem unabated aggregation thiab yuav txo tau (retraction) ntawm lub pawg.

Tab sis glycoprotein V rau kev tswj platelet compound. Nws yog hydrolyzed los ntawm thrombin.

Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv hais tias txheej txo platelet membrane glycoproteins txawv cov ntsiab lus, nws yuav ib tug ua muaj zog los ntshav.

Cov huab-gel

Nrog lub thib ob txheej platelet Nyob rau hauv qab no daim nyias nyias, yog ib tug microtubule nplhaib. platelet qauv nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav yog hais tias cov hlab yog contractile apparatus. Yog li, raws li qhov stimulation ntawm cov phiaj tsiv lub nplhaib yog compressed thiab granules rau cell chaw. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lawv yog compressed. Tag nrho cov no ua rau cov pa ntawm lawv txheem nraum zoov. Qhov no yog tau ua tsaug rau ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm qhib tubules. Qhov no yog hu ua "centralisation granules."

Nrog rau yuav txo tau ntawm microtubule nplhaib kuj nws yuav tau tsim pseudopods tias tsuas yog nyiam ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv aggregation muaj peev xwm.

intracellular organelles

Qhov thib peb txheej comprises ib glycogen granules, mitochondria, α-granules, tuab lub cev. Qhov no thiaj li hu ua organelles tsam.

Tuab lub cev muaj ATP, ADP, serotonin, calcium, adrenaline thiab noradrenaline. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau mus ua hauj lwm platelets. Tus qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov hlwb muab adhesion thiab lub qhov txhab kho neeg mob. Yog li, ADP ua thaum lub sij hawm txuas ntawm platelets mus rau lub vascular phab ntsa, nws tseem yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub fact tias cov hais tias phaj los ntawm cov kev txuas ntxiv mus koom cov neeg twb nyam. Calcium regulates qhov kev siv ntawm adhesion. Serotonin yog ua los ntawm tso ntshav txhaws granule. Nws kom thaum tus so vascular narrowing ntawm lub lumen.

Alpha granules, organelles pom nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, pab mus rau tsim ntawm platelet aggregates. Lawv yog cov luag hauj lwm rau lub stimulation ntawm tus mob loj, rov qab txog ntsha phab ntsa du nqaij.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev ua hlwb

Yuav kom hais ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov qauv ntawm tib neeg platelets, koj yuav tsum to taub qhov twg lawv tuaj ntawm thiab yuav ua li cas yog tsim. Tus txheej txheem ntawm lawv tshwm sim yog feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha. Nws yog muab faib ua ob peb theem. Chiv tsim megakaryocyte colony txoj kev unit. Rau ob peb lub theem, nws yog hloov mus rau hauv megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte thiab thaum kawg nyob rau hauv lub platelet.

Txhua txhua hnub, tib neeg lub cev ua qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 66.000 hlwb ib 1 l ntawm cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tib neeg ntshiab yuav tsum tau los ntawm 150 mus 375, tus me nyuam los ntawm 150 rau 250 x 10 ⁹ / l platelets. Yog li 70% ntawm lawv circulating nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev, thaum 30% yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus po. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, lub cev thiaj li faib tawm platelets.

yooj yim zog

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub li cas hauv lub cev uas yuav tsum tau platelets, me ntsis to taub raws li uas kev tib neeg platelet qauv. Lawv yog tsim feem ntau rau cov tsim ntawm thawj hlab, uas yuav tsum kaw lub puas txog ntsha. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, platelets muab ib tug saum npoo nyob rau hauv thiaj li accelerate cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntshav txhaws.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws twb pom hais tias lawv yog tsim nyog rau cov tsuaj thiab zoo ntawm ntau yam puas ntaub so ntswg. Platelets tsim txoj kev loj hlob yam tseem ceeb, npaj mus tsim kho lub kev loj hlob thiab division ntawm puas hlwb.

Nws yog noteworthy tias lawv muaj peev xwm sai sai thiab mus tas li tsiv mus nyob rau ib tug tshiab lub xeev. Lub impetus rau lawv kom yuav ua tau tej ib puag ncig kev hloov, nrog rau ib tug yooj yim txhua yam kev nyuaj siab.

tshwj xeeb tshaj yog platelets

Nyob cov ntshav ntev. Nyob rau nruab nrab, lub caij ntawm lawv lub neej yog los ntawm 6.9 mus 9.9 hnub. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm no lawv raug rhuav tshem. Yeej, tus txheej txheem no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha, tab sis kuj mus rau ib tug tsawg raws li, nws yog nyob rau hauv tus po thiab lub siab.

Kws txawj qhia tsib ntau hom ntawm cov ntshav platelets: hluas, mature, laus, thiab degenerative ntaub ntawv ntawm voos. Feem ntau, lub cev yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj li 90% ntawm cov paub tab hlwb. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus platelet qauv yog zoo, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau ua tag nrho cov ntawm nws functions nyob rau hauv tag nrho.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov txo nyob rau hauv lub concentration ntawm cov ntshav yog qhov ua rau los ntshav uas yog ib qhov nyuaj lawm. Ib qho kev nce rau hauv lawv cov xov tooj yog qhov ua rau ntawm thrombosis - lub tsos ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Lawv yuav txhaws cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv ntau yam kabmob ntawm lub cev, los yog kiag li them rau.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub ntau yam teeb meem platelet qauv tsis hloov. Tag nrho cov kab mob yog txuam nrog rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lawv cov concentration hauv cov ntshav system. Noj nyob rau hauv lawv cov xov tooj no yog hu ua thrombocytopenia. Yog hais tias lub concentration yog muaj zog, nws yog xa mus rau thrombocytosis. Yog hais tias koj ua txhaum cov kev ua ntawm cov hlwb tshuaj mob thrombasthenia.