Monument rau Yermak - lub conqueror ntawm Siberia: cov keeb kwm, interesting tseeb

Txaus fascinating keeb kwm uas txuam nrog rau monument rau lub conqueror ntawm Siberia, lub Cossack Ataman Yermak, tsa nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk. Qhov no monument ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem hero yog cov khoom los ntawm cov teb chaws kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam. Npaum li cas peb surprise, nws yog ib tug ntev-sawv sculptural ua hauj lwm tseem lawm thiab tau ntev lawm ib txwm cov Don Cossack cheeb tsam, Siberia thiab Russia.

Ermak monument: Novocherkassk

Duab muab tso rau hauv tsab xov xwm muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm cov manly tsos ntawm no zoo txiv neej. Nws tag nrho cov pib nyob rau hauv 1870 muaj ib tug gala kev tshwm sim uas yog ua kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Novocherkassk - lub 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm lub Don Cossacks. Los ntawm tus Chief ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm loj General Leonov tag nrho cov Cossacks thov mus rau lub sovereign tus txais, Crown None Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu - Lub yim hli ntuj Ataman Cossack pab tub rog, leej twg tuaj mus rau lub koob tsheej, los pab muab tso rau hauv lub peev ntawm tus Don Cossacks ib tug monument rau lawv heroic khub countryman Ermak Timofeevich (Kachalin haiv neeg zos nyob rau lub Don).

Nws twb tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug subscription mus nce cov nyiaj rau lub monument, uas ntawd kub ntev li rau ntau xyoo. Qhov no tiv thaiv tau tus tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv uas Russia thiab ces twb twv. Ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm ib xyoo pua tau sau ntau tshaj qhov tawm ntawm cov 100 000 rubles. Major donations tau tso cai rau cov Cossacks ntawm lub Urals thiab Siberia. Lub so feem yuav 40 000 rubles, Cossack Cossack Army tsoom fwv borrowed los ntawm lawv cov coffers.

pib

Thaum cov nyiaj no yog sau, cov lus nug sawv, nyob rau hauv uas cov duab yuav tsum tshwm sim zoo kawg nkaus chieftain Ermak monument nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab square nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nyob rau hauv 1889, yog tsim los ntawm tag nrho cov pawg neeg, uas muaj ib tug philanthropist W. Wagner, lub taub hau ntawm kev uas tsuas thiab ntsev ib feem ntawm lub Don pab tub rog, lub nroog engineer B. Krasnov, lub publisher ntawm tus ntawv xov xwm "Vestnik Don" Karasev, thiab lwm yam ... Nyob rau hauv Russia lub sij hawm, cov nto moo tshaj plaws sculptors ntawm cov kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws monument, thiab tom qab ob peb yaam num raug xam tias yog.

Tus thawj los tsim ib tug monument rau Ermak muaj sculptor M. M. Antokolskomu (creator ntawm lub monument rau Peter kuv nyob rau hauv Taganrog nyob rau hauv 1903), tab sis nyob rau hauv 1891 nws twb tsis tau txais kev pom zoo. Tsis lees txais thiab tes num ntawm lub St. Petersburg sculptor M. O. Mikeshina (tsim los ntawm tus naas ej monument "xyoo txhiab of Russia" nyob rau hauv Novgorod nyob rau hauv 1862) zoo, tab sis nws yog noj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov lus muaj lwm version ntawm cov monument, thiab nws kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv 1896, tab sis sculptor tuag.

Monument rau Ermak nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk: piav qhia

Tam sim no lub commission twb nrhiav tau rau ib tug neeg uas Mikeshina project yuav siv sij hawm rau lub creation ntawm lub monument. Peb siv ob peb xyoo thiab pom lub Rector ntawm lub Siab Art Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm lub Academy of Arts VA Beklemisheva. Yog li, cov ua hauj lwm pib.

Nyob rau lub hnub yug ntawm Huab tais Nicholas II, May 6, 1903 lub solemn tso ntawm lub square. Granite pedestal twb txiav txim los ntawm lub Italian tswv S. Tonitto. Thawj yog khawb qhov taub, ces tsa hauv paus concreted puag, tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas Novocherkassk steel chains 8 los ntawm 4.2 meters txhua. Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv plaster qauv VA Beklemisheva khov "Moran" hliv bronze pej thuam uas 5 tons. Tag nrho cov qhov siab ntawm lub monument yog 14 meters 92 cm, qhov hnyav - 1600 tons.

foundations

Cov nram qab no xyoo, dua nyob rau hauv lub Emperor lub hnub yug Nicholas II - May 6, 1904, tau qhib. Thaum tav su lub tswb nrov, cov cheeb tsam uas muaj Cossack rog cov menyuam kawm ntawv chav ua si, Cadet, Junkers thiab cov pej xeem. Cathedral ntawm cov Ascension yog ib tug Procession kev nrog lub Conciliar shrines.

Ataman Cossack troops KK Maksimovich poob daim ntaub thaiv los ntawm lub monument thiab, thaum kawg, tag nrho cov neeg tam sim no tau pom lub hwj chim thiab majestic pej thuam ntawm Ermak, uas nyob rau hauv ib tes yog ib tug sib ntaus sib tua tus chij thiab lwm yam - ib tug crown, symbolizing lub conquered Siberia. Archbishop Don thiab Novocherkasskiy Afanasy tsa lub monument. Ces muaj hits, muab faib rau postcards thiab phau ntawv qhia piav txog cov kev ua uas tau koob meej siab tawv Ataman Yermak, uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub vuag ntawm tus dej Irtysh Lub yim hli ntuj 5, 1584.

Bronze tim khawv

Puas tau txij Ermak monument los ua ib tug ntsiag to tim khawv rau ntau yam keeb kwm xwm txheej uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab square nyob rau hauv Novocherkassk Ascension cathedral, nrog rau cov mus ntsib ntawm cov vaj ntxwv, cov thawj tswj hwm, yawg suab, nrov cov thawj coj, thiab hais txog. D.

Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho los ntawm cov cheeb tsam no Cossacks mus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Japanese tsov rog (1904-1905 gg.). Ces ib xyoos tom qab muaj rallies nyob rau hauv them nyiaj yug ntawm kev ywj pheej ywj siab (lub tsar tus manifesto ntawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 17, 1905). Ces - tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kiv puag ncig thiab nws cov neeg raug ntawm cov Don Cossacks, uas nws lub ntees tuag nyob rau hauv lub square (1905-1907 gg.). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog thiab qhov loj mobilization ntawm lub ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Daim Ntawv Government, cov lus cog tseg ntawm cov tub rog kev A. M. Kaledina, kev xaiv tsa ntawm nws cov chieftain thiab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917. Cov txheej xwm yuav ntxiv thiab ib tug mus tas ua haujlwm ntawm Novocherkassk yog ib tug "dawb", ces mus rau "liab", thaum lub hwj huam nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes tsis tau lub Great Don Army, General PN Krasnov.

Preservation ntawm lub zos shrines

Txawm li cas los, muaj me nyuam no yuav muab pov tawm lub monument "Ermak Bourget". Nyob rau hauv 1918, nws xav mus ua ib tug tshuab nyob rau hauv 1938 - ib tug tsheb laij teb, tab sis nws ua tsis tau tejyam ua vim kev vim li cas. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1942, lub Nazis thaum lub sij hawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm Novocherkassk rau tib lub hom phiaj tsav tsheb mus rau lub monument ntawm peb cov tsheb laij teb nrog winch, tab sis tshuav cov neeg hauv zos thiab Cossacks, uas tshwm sim los commandant thiab piav qhia hais tias Ermak - tsis liab Cossack thiab tsis yog ib tug Bolshevik, ib tug hauv zos thaj neeb thiab Don hero . Ces ib tug German tub ceev xwm muab qhov kev txiav txim kom tshem tawm cov tsheb laij teb, thiab nws yog ib zaug dua nyob rua ntawm lub kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug monument rau Yermak. Tag nrho cov kev saib xyuas cov pej xeem ntawm lub nroog ntawm Novocherkassk Cossacks nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm sim kom nco ntsoov lawv heroes.

Nyob rau hauv 2001, tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau kho tshiab ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm. May 6, 2004 lub nroog ua koomtxoos nco txog lub 100th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov monument. Niaj hnub no, nws tau ib puas xyoo, tab sis Ermak monument sawv thiab yuav sawv kom txog thaum muaj ib lub nroog thiab nws cov keeb kwm yog inscribed mus ib txhis.